NUTRITION: THE CIRCULATORY AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMSieslasencinas.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/circulatory_system... · important role in the excretory system, formed by the kidneys

Nutrición:aparatoscirculatorioyexcretor

NUTRITION:THECIRCULATORYANDEXCRETORYSYSTEMS


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•  Theinternalenvironment•  Bloodcomposi3on•  Bloodvessels•  Heart•  Heartbeat•  Bloodcircula3on•  Lympha3csystem•  Excretorysystem•  Nephron•  Healthyhabitsofthecirculatory

andexcretorysystems

NutriKon:Thecirculatoryandexcretorysystems


THEINTERNALENVIRONMENT





All cells need to live in aenvironment that providesthem with all the nutrientsthey need. In addi3on, thesame environment allowsce l l s to re l ease was tesubstances resul3ng fromtheirmetabolism.

The internal environment isformedbyintersKKalplasma.

Capillary

IntersKKalplasmaBloodprovidescells

withthenutrientstheyneed.

Bloodremoveswasteproductsproducedduringcellmetabolism.

Tissuecellsexchangesubstanceswiththeinters33alplasma.



BLOODCOMPOSITION





watermineralsaltsproteinslipidsglucosewasteproducts

erythrocyte

leucocytesthrombocytes

Plasma

albuminglobulinfibrinogen

ureauricacid

Cells

lymphocytesmonocytesgranulocytes

eosinophilsbasophilsneutrophils



BLOODVESSELS





Bloodflowsthroughthecirculatorysystem,whichisconstructedbysomechannelscalledbloodvessels,andbyadriverorgan,theheart.

•  Arteries:thesecarrybloodfromthehearttootherorgans.Theyhavewidemuscularwallsandareelas3c.

•  Veins:thesecarrybloodfrom3ssuestotheheart.Theyhavethinnerwallsthanarteries.Inaddi3on,theyhavevalvesthatstopbloodfromgoingbackwards.

•  Capillaries:thesearemicroscopicbloodvesselslocatedinalltheorganism's3ssues.Capillariesareformedbywallsthatonlyhaveonelayerofcells.

Direc3onflow

Arteriole VenuleDirec3onflow

Artery

Capillary

Vein

Connec3ve3ssueEndothelium(a

layerofcells)Connec3ve3ssue

Elas3cfibresandsmoothmuscle

Fibraselás3casymusculaturalisa

Valve



HEART





Theheart isahollowmuscularorgan. It isdivided into two parts, the leO and right,whicharecompletelyseparate.Each half of the heart is subdivided intotwochambers:anuppersmallerchambernamed the atrium, and a larger lowerchambernamedtheventricle.



HEARTBEATS





Aheartbeatisthemovementthatpumpsblood.Itperformsthreephases:

1.   Atrialsystole:theatriumscontractandbloodispropelledthroughtheopenedatrioventricularvalvesintotheventricles.

2.Ventricularsystole:ventriclescontract,thesigmoidvalvesopenandthebloodcontainedinthemexitsthroughthepulmonaryarteryandtheaorta.Simultaneously,thevalvesthatconnectwithventriclesclose.

3.Diastole:theheartrelaxesandsucksbloodcomingfromthecavaandpulmonaryveinsintotheatriums.Bloodpropelledtowardsthearteriesduringtheventricularsystoledoesn'treturntotheventriclesthankstotheac3onofthesigmoidalvalves,whichcloseupandpreventthisfromhappening.



BLOODCIRCULATION





Our cardiovascular system is adouble system and goes throughtwo separate circuits: systemic andpulmonary. aorta

headandbloodsuperiorvena

cava

lungs

liver

StomachandintesKne

pulmonaryvein

mesentericartery

hepaKcartery

kidneys,genitalsandlegs

pulmonaryartery

hepaKcveinhepaKcportalvein

inferiorvenacava

Systemic circuit: blood starts in theleO ventricle and goes through theaorta,whichbranches intoarterioles,and then into capillaries, reaching allthe 3ssues and organs except thelungs.

Pulmonary circuit: it begins in theright ventricle from which thepulmonary artery starts (this arterybranches into two,with each branchconnec3ngwithalung).



LYMPHATICSYSTEM





Lymph:atransparentliquidcomposedoflymphocytesandinters33alplasma.Inters33alplasmaisformedwhenbloodplasmaisfilteredasittravelstothe3ssues.Fromthere,it'scollectedbylymphaKccapillaries.

LymphaKcvessels:lympha3ccapillariesareclosedononeendandarefoundin3ssuesjoiningintoincreasinglybiggerconduitsknownaslymphveins.

artery

cell

lymphvessel

vein

Capilar

Bloodprovidesnutrientsandremoveswasteproductsfromtheorganism’scells.

Someoftheinters33alplasmagoestothelympha3cvessels.



EXCRETORYSYSTEM





Theexcretorysystem is thegroupoforgans that facilitate the elimina3onof waste products produced by cellsaOercellmetabolism.

The urinary system plays animportant role in the excretorysystem,formedbythekidneysandtheurinarytracts.

rightkidney

inferiorvenacava

ureter

bladderurethra

aortaartery

leOkidney

renalarteryrenalvein

suprarrenalcapsule



NEPHRON





Nephrons are the structural andfunc3onalunitsofthekidneys.Theyare tubeswith one closed end andaresurroundedbybloodcapillaries.

They are responsible for filteringbloodandformingurine,aswellasregula3ng water and mineralcontentintheblood.Eachkidneyisformedbyoveramillionnephrons.

arteriole

venule

capillarynetwork(reabsorp3onarea)

loopofHenle

collectortube

totherenalpelvis

glomerulus

proximalconvoluted

tube

Bowman’scapsule

distalconvolutedtube



HEALTHYHABITSINTHECIRCULATORYANDEXCRETORY

SYSTEMS©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 21




In order to ensure that our circulatory and excretory systems func3onadequately,it'sessen3altoincorporatehealthyhabitsintoourlifestyle.

Abalanceddiet,adequatehygieneandexercisingregularly,aswellasavoidingstress,arekeystomaintainingbothsystemshealthy.


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NUTRITION: THE CIRCULATORY AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMSieslasencinas.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/circulatory_system... · important role in the excretory system, formed by the kidneys