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NURSING ONE Medical Terminology. Why Do I Need to Learn Medical Terminology?. Language of the medical field Communication Write and speak concisely Bonus: Improve English skills, test scores, look really smart when watching TV medical shows. Terminology. Vocabulary - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NURSING ONE
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Why Do I Need to Learn Medical Terminology?
Language of the medical field Communication Write and speak concisely Bonus: Improve English skills, test
scores, look really smart when watching TV medical shows
Terminology Vocabulary
Used in health care medical terms , originate from Latin & Greek
ACRONYMWords formed by combining letters of a word or phrase.Mash – Mobile Army Surgical HospitalAids – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Terminology (cont’d)
EPONYM Word based on name of personParkinson’s diseaseKaposi’s SarcomaSulk Vaccine
Medical Elements 300 Latin & Greek word elements Thousands of medical terms are made
up of these elements Learning word elements & adding to
medical terms starts to increase your English vocabulary.
Medical terminology is not a foreign language
Parts of WordsMedical terms Has 2 or three parts; prefix, root, suffixPREFIX – at beginning of word (*not all medical terms have a prefix)ROOT – The word’s foundation. (all medical terms have at least one root- can begin a word)SUFFIX–The word’s ending. (Most have a suffix)
Parts (cont’d) A combining vowel (usually o) joins a root
to another root or to a suffix. Is combining form
Example: Thermometer Therm. = heat Meter = measuring device
Additional examples combining forms; Hepat –o oste – o neur - o
Parts (cont’d)
Prefix, root, suffix – used in combinations Two, three, suffix + connecting vowels Example: Electrocardiogram – a record Suffix = gram – a recording Root = electr – electrical activity Root = cardi - heart ( o,s) are the connecting vowel
Prefixes Every word has a root and an ending,
but not every word has a prefix Prefix is always at the beginning of a
word The meaning of the prefix always stays
the same Prefixes are attached to words to express
numbers, measurements, position, negative, colors
Parts Root - core of word Prefix- can change the meaning of root Prefix - explains root Example: epigastric – on the stomach hypogastric – below the stomach
Numbersbi – two, double bicuspidhemi – half hemiplegicmilli – 1/1000 millilitermono – one, single monocyteprimi – first primigravidasemi – half semiconscioustri – three tricepsuni – one uninuclear
Measurementshyper – excessive hypertensionmulti – many multiparapoly – many polyarthritis
hypo – less hypoglycemic
Position and/or Directiona – without apneaab – from, away from abductad – toward, increase adductambi – both, both sides ambidextrousan – without analgesicante – before, in front anteroomcircum – around circumoral
Position (cont’d)de – down, from descenddia – through diagnosisecto – outside ectopicendo – within, endotheliumepi – upon, over epigastricex – out, away fromextractextra – outside of, beyond extrahepatic
Position (cont’d)para – near, beside paracervicalperi - around perinealpre – in front of before pre-operativepost – after post operativeretro – backward, behind retroflexionsub – under, below sublingualsupra – above, oversuprapubictrans – across, through transverse
Coloralb – white albuminrube – red rubellacyano – blue cyanosismelano – black melanomaxanth – yellow xanthrochromic
Negatives & other Common Prefixes
anti – against antibioticcontra – against contraindicateddis – free of, to undo dischargeim – not impotence non – not non-invasive auto - self autograft
Common Prefix (cont’d)hyper – excessive hypertensionpan – all pancytopenia per – through percussionpseudo – false pseudoanorexiasym, syn – joined, together sympathetictachy – rapid, fast tachycardiaultra – beyond, excess ultrasound
Common Root Terms cardi --- heart fibr --- fibrous tissue gastr --- stomach my ---- muscle mast ------ breast myel – marrow or
spinal cord hepat --- liver enter -- intestine oste ----- bone col ----- colon neur ----- nerve chole --- gall or bile arthr ----- joint
Suffix Suffix :
will clarify will make a new word
will change the meaning of the root Example: Tonsillitis – inflammation of tonsils Tonsillectomy – removal of tonsils
Common Suffix porosis ----- porous condition cyte --------- cell ectomy ------ surgical removal algia -------- pain -------- dynia megaly ----- enlargement logy --------- study of itis ------------ inflammation oma --------- tumor
Common Suffix scope -------- device for viewing scopy -------- act of viewing sclerosis ------ hardness stenosis ------ narrowed, blocked lith ------------ stone, calculus iasis ----------- indicating a condition ic -------------- pertaining to tripsy --------- crushing
Medical Terminology Gastrectomy Hepatic Hepatocarcinoma Neuropathy Neurofibroma Neurogastric Osteoporosis Osteomyelitis
Medical Terminology Cholecystectomy Cholelithiasis Cholecystitis Cardiomyopathy Osteoarthritis
Military TimeMeridian time Military time12 Midnight 2400 hours1 am 0100 hours 2 am 0200 hours3 am 0300 hours4 am 0400 hours5 am 0500 hours6 am 0600 hours
Time (cont’d)7 am 0700 hours8 am 0800 hours9 am 0900 hours10 am 1000 hours11 am 1100 hours12 noon 1200 hours1 pm 1300 hours2 pm 1400 hours3 pm 1500 hours
Time (cont’d)4 pm 1600 hours5 pm 1700 hours6 pm 1800 hours7 pm 1900 hours8 pm 2000 hours9 pm 2100 hours10 pm 2200 hours11 pm 2300 hours12 midnight 2400 hours
Frequent Symbols b.i.d. twice a day
t.i.d. three times a dayq.i.d. four times a daymin. minuteh. or hr. hourqh every hourq2h every two hoursq3h every three hoursq4h every four hours
Frequency (cont’d)
q 6h every 6 hoursq 8h every 8 hoursq 12h every 12 hoursa beforep afterc withs withoutq everyNPO nothing by mouth
Symbols
Change Number, followed by a number, pounds #Divided by /Multiplied by, magnification xEquals =
Greater than >Less than <
Symbols (cont’d)
gtt droptab. tabletcap. capsulehs hour of sleepsusp. suspensionsupp. suppository
Frequent symbols
a.c. Before mealp.c. after meal ad.lib. as desiredp.r.n. when necessaryh.s. hour of sleep, at bedtimestat.immediately, as soon as
possibleDaily every dayQD (not safe) every day QOD (not safe)every other day
Common Medical Abbre. Route
IM IntramuscularIV IntravenousIVPB Intravenous PiggybackSC/SQ SubcutaneousSL SublingualID IntradermalGT Gastrostomy tubeNG Nasogastric tubepo By mouth
JCAHO [do not use abb.]
Abbreviation Intended PreferredU units “units”ug micrograms “mcg”QD every day “daily”QOD every other day every other day AS.AD.AU Left, right, both ears write left ear etc
OS, OD, OU left, right, both eyes write left eye etc.
JCAHO – Joint commission on accreditation of Health Care Organizations
JCAHO (cont’d)IU International unit “write”5.0 mg. Trailing zero No zero after decimal point write 5 mg..5 leading zero Always a zero before a decimal point, write 0.5 mg.MS Morphine Sulfate “write”MS04 Morphine Sulfate “write”mGs04 Magnesium Sulfate “write”