NUR WAHIDA BT MAWARIDI 232915NUR SOBIHAH BT ISMAIL 234734

SITI NORSHAHIRAH BT YAAKUB 233709NURUL SYAZWANIE ABDUL MALEK 228921

URBANIZATION IN KANGAR

DR NIRA HARIYANTIE HARTANI

Introduction • Definition of urbanisation is population from area village to city

and an increase in population in cities and town versus rural areas.

• Kangar city still on maintain highest point history as a symbol identity to the city of Kangar as a cities developed and more advanced like as a Bangunan Jam Besar. The deveploment of Bangunan Jam Besar has now been changed like a Bangunan Pejabat Menteri Besar.

• Process urbanization and industrialization because of process migration rural population to the city. Indirectly this city can give attraction to rural area for migration at the urban areas.

The present state of the area

There are various facilities and infrastructure in the vicinity of the kangar perlis between the facility in terms of its security, education, health, and parking lots.

Among the facilities that are available after the existence of new cities and the growing development in Kangar.

Distribution of the population (number) of Perlis, 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010

1980 1991 2000 2010

PERLIS 144,782 183,824 198,288 227,025

The past state of the area

• Kangar is the capital of Perlis.

• It has a total population of 48,898 (2004). Kangar Perlis is the administrative center and acts as a major trade center.

• Kangar is located in five districts namely Sena, Kechor, Wang Bintong, Seriab and Utan Aji. Kangar district is the most populated areas with development.

• However Kangar before development there are many shortcomings in terms of administration and the state was not a lot of development is done.

• Therefore, Kangar population began to increase from year to year.

• It includes the population by gender, ethnicity, age, occupation and education. But before advancing Kangar, the capital city has no facilities to complete either of roads, public facilities and homes in the area.

Percentage of Population by Gender, Perlis, 2011-2014

2011 2012 2013 2014

Men 116.8 117.8 118.9 120.1

Women 120.7 121.6 122.5 123.5

20002010

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

0.4

0.8

2000 2010

PATTERN OF PEOPLE IN KANGAR

STATE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS KANGAR

Economy: JobsThis is due to the process of rapid urbanization in the sector of economy around Kangar. Opportunities for people to be a worker the community could actively in the services sector.

Society: providing educational opportunitiesKangar country has established many schools, higher education institutions and to create a generation of intellectuals.

Social: Infrastructuretransportation also Kangar transport provided such as road, rail which has three stations, namely Padang Besar, Arau, Bukit Keteri.

Environmentally :using cutting-edge planned on a more sustainable development as its primary focus on the development of green targets.technique of "tipping control" in disposing of solid waste.

The positive effects of urbanization in Kangar

ARAU RAINWAY STATION

SCHOOL IN KANGAR

HIGHWAY

Negative effects of urbanization

Economy: Unemployment• For example, the city did not

have a steady job facilities.• Perlis become depopulated due

to poverty and lack of skilled labor.

Community- Number of housing units• The amount of the existing

housing stock is insufficient to meet demand during household size.

Social: crime Social• Refer to the table below are the

crime rate in the country is very small compared with the total crime rate in the state.

• the city did use the enforcement and improved security system and litigation firm.

Environment: The problem is floods drain systems do not

systematically into the causes flooding of low areas.

Human nature is not the only one responsible is the cause of the flooding as an example of waste disposal in the drain.

FLOOD IN KANGAR 2010

MODEL & THEORYIn the process of urbanization, there is a keen interest to the researchers to see how the city grew and how urban growth projections can be made. One theory was introduced by Sombart and executed by Homer Hovt is Economic Base Theory.

The process are help develop the city’s economy and encouraging local growth of the services sector

Using Work/ employment as a unit of measurement, Total Employment in making goods and services produced by a town and sold or exported outside of the city called basic activities

Economists initially thought that urban growth is a result of the development of the Basic component of the overall employment in an urban area and stressed that employment in Non-Basic components only grew after Basic components evolve

CITY

Rural Areas

export

basic

Non-basic

basic

Non-basic

bank

Shop

TOURISTS

(ECONOMIC BASE THEORY)

Suggestion to overcome the negative impacts The flood was one of the disasters that frequently

occurred in the State of Perlis

Suggestion to avoid flood is providing well-planned drainage system

the materials siltation should always in regulated and cleaned.

the implementation of deepening the river. It is by digging out all mud and impurities there are in the river.

the way to solve the problem of unemployment

government should give financial help give a boost to the economy to flourish

so that more development projects can carried out. So, more the number of workers needed in carrying out the project and everyone got to work

solution of the problem of crime is creating the concept of the city and secure town

to make sure the area is free of cases like theft, rape, grazing and so on

Installation closed circuit camera can avoid the problem of crime

• To solve the problem of shortage housing units

• Government should be strict in enforcing the policies in relation to housing development

• the Government can build elevated houses to ensure sufficient number of home

How to ensure positive urbanization in future

• ensure more balanced urban development in terms of physical development, arrangement of races and participation in urban development

• creating a spread of urban centres with a range facilities include public transportation in order to avoid traffic congestion.

• Restructure urban development without prejudice to the rights the interests of locals

Conclusion Rapid development has result in many urban

areas evolved to meet the needs of local residents and for achieving national goals

As a result of the process urbanisation there are positive and negative effects that may occur.

so, urgent solution like policy formulation and policy needs to be taken to overcome problems

The overall solution can be made through careful planning in order to control the urban process