'j?' their ohilarva, Is emphasised by tne nuraber of children

ftfscw tb* oo-it.try area* *& fca&42j|g tho town .’onool *. Kduc^fcion

Is essential. A on^st other things, it Snoulostee in the

Sativc £ seass oX discipline and rs«potalbility and inor**na*e

hi* efficiency and ooa»eq.»nt 7 slue te hit employer. tfh*

practice of eocfining it priooipaily to urban centres,

however, necesaitate* tra saportiag tne gative front hit rural

aaviroumsat aai thua, jy hi* o^ataot 31th urban condition*

*nd lbs yarioia attraction* mod influence a, oreates and

engenders a feeling of diaaatlefaotioa *ith the home atnoa-

piks?re, fbe lor a or to«a life auoold, if possible, be

avoided, certainly not encourage a . One way of doing this

in to face the inevitable and inert*.#* the aumfcsr of eonsola

n the rur^l areas, £?rticul*r attention should be prid

to trbluiag in asaaal and agricultural pureuite.

In fehi* ocunection, tne fellowlag pa. tioulare are

of to ires*, taken /ran the *>c...ort oX the 0.i».s. Kdua&tion

D a p m r f o r the year ended Slat ieoeaiber 192C.

L-1atriot U K k IT <d>:- .a 3Children So. Be*

i’opula- fopuia- oi ianool of onSame tion »*»e tloc Age - 18* School* Boll____ population_________________

Sothrville 14, ©do Sot ha7 ill© 750 135 1 163Viljoeca- 350 63 1 164

kroon

Brardfort 3,000 drandf ort 1,500 27C 2 337

Fickaburg 14,000 Fickeburg 1,750 315 2 434Koeendal 200 36 1 91

reite 15,000 Beita 1,500 234 1 334i'wee ling 200 36 1 109

r t D R A L A R E A S

Bethlehe* 21,GOO - - 4,360

Bethulie 2,050 - - 410

5137

fheee few example*, of which there ere raaby, will

serve to show the number of rural children attending sohools

Id urfcea areas, and the orgeat necessity of providing schools

In the rural areas, the absence of which la a oon# Iderable

faotor I d Intensifying the problems of both areea.

(<3) So*roity of work: In view of the previoue remarka

and the frequent complainta of farmers aa to the scarcity of

labour, thla appears psradoxlosl. When *e oonaider, however ,

that after the aoncluaion o f the reaping and ploughing season*,

numbere of Motives, armed with permission bo seek work, apply

to the urban Labour ->ureaufor employment, one la lnellned

to accept It aa aorrcot that a eeaaonal ehortege of employment

at least dose exist in the rural areae. Many farmere again

by the Introduction of machinery, have been able to reduoe

their labour force aonslderably, thua permitting them to

retain a minimum number permanently, whereas the farmer who

le solely dependent upon Satlve labour for cowing and reaping,

is aowpelled both to engage and disecsrge largo numbere per*

lodloelly, who, on termination of employment, invariably,

with few exceptions, migrate to urban areaa, become abaorbed

in Industries and other urban oaaupationa, and, finding town

conditions more congenial and attractive, cultivate a senee

of antipathy to rural surroundings and conditions,

(* ) the Hatlves felt that the promulgation of the

1913 Land Act, In the absence of simultaneous provisions

being made for them to settle elsewhere there they could

run their stock and raise crops, compelled them to dlapoao

of their anlswla and seek refuge in the towne, They felt

that the new conditions did not offer compeneatlon for the

privileges they h*d enjoyed of squatting and ploughing on

aharee• the exceptions referred to arc those whose temporary

abseuoe tram tho M d I « r l t o r l « t , ilthough

is merely with the object of augmenting tneir income nod

returning with tneir eavings.

Having mentioned soa* of the contributing factors

to the urban proiabm and the datiaa aou obligation* it imposes

upon local authorities, it ia proposed to consider in. brief

what migat be termed ita "local economic aapeota and effects”

in relation to the European and Sative Urban Sommunitlee

generally, The genesis of the problem ia aa stated

economic, aggravated and accentuated by the perpetual arti­

ficial augmentation of and natural Inara a ae in urban Sative

oonaaunitiee. The principle of urban Native segregation

has generally been accepted as desire da acd neoeeeary.

There la, ho ever, a wide diversity of opinion as to the

privileges Natives should enjoy in these arsse.

The traditional policy of treating urban Native

location* and villages aa reservoirs of labour to supply the

demanda of European employers, still reflecte a large volume

of European opinion, especially in the north era province*

Againm% this, however, we are faoed with the fnjft that, in

these areas, are laxge ana lnoreaaing numbers of Sativee who

have dlsoarded all ties sith kraal life nod become detribal-

laed, many with large families who never *111 make contact

with tribal condition a. That thla has been recognised le

emphasised by legislation permitting them to aoqulre vested

rights in such areas by owning property and trading concerns

and, again, by the efforts of local authorities and other

bodies to add to the aaenltiee of life of location residents,

schools, entireties, markets, entertainment halls, recreational

and other facllitlea neecsasry to communal life have been

provided, in the conduct and control of which the Satire 1*

encouraged to take an active interest*

Settled and domiciled Native communities have been

oreatsd ia end around urbsn centres, forming an Integral

part of our urban economic *t m ature. iheee cammunltlea;5i ;

generally, and in BloatfOBtain is particular, a haw a progrot-

aive rat# of lncreaee relatively, if not actually, higher than

that of tha Suropean population, having the affact of grad­

ually providing an urban latlve labour supply in exoeee of

tha demand. Thia, with tha a f fort a baing mad a to raplaca

Hatlve by Europe an labour must, under existing condltloae,

eventually bring ua face to fsoe with *m Poor Hatlve problem".

(Perhaps it should, at thia stage, he stated that’

efforte have been mede to obtain reliable atatiatlce, but

without success , which has wade it neoeaeary to rely upon

periodical reporta by reeponalble author it l e a .)

As a natural sequence to a glut In the Bative labour

Market, may be expected a lowering of Hetive wages and en

iacreaee in unemployment figures, both Bleok and White. Uoder

condltiona a* at preaent obtaining, there are indie atlooe

that the urban Native populatioaa (White slao) ore lncreaalng

sore rapidly than the ate ana of subsistence.

8obi!oally, tbs use of Native labour ia reatricted ■

to unekllled calllnga, thus eliminating the competitive e jir it

and Halting hi a oppartunitlee and, incidentally, hie earnings

and a pending posers. I f tha position aa outlined cbova

«*n be sccepted, a de stand for remedial mas sure s arises.

The economic interests of Suropaan and Hatlve are

interwoven and lntsrdeja ndent. This being so, era we aot,v ■

correot in assuming that the reetrictiona confining the Hatlve

to a definite competitive circle is a factor of correlative and. .

mutual interact in our economic life? Open competition,

with no differentiation ia wagee and worklng conditions is

the urge of many. Thia bold policy I leave to thaaa who

advocate it , and abler pane than mine to show whether, undor

under exist log conditions f it would be equitable and of

mutual benefit.

Sneournging the residents of urban locations and

townships to build up their own economic life in those areae

has been suggested as offering a wee sure of relief. Can this

be aeriously considered? Will the present system of land

distribution and the economic conditions of the Sativee gener­

ally in the Tsrritories and rural are a a permit of this?

Begardlesa of his interests sod material welfare, the migra­

tion to the toons continues, which movement it la felt would

ae accelerated by extending unreetricted facilities for

settlement. That Natives in urban areas should enjoy reason-

able fscllitiea for lmpr cw ing their economic and social status

cannot be disputed} it is equally evident, hosever, that the

unrestricted settlement and residence of Natives in urban

centres under existing conditions would not be to the benefit

of either community.

Until the Sative la educated up to a keener aense

of hie duties «s a citizen, and until hie opportunities and

attractions to eettle in rural areas are improved, it will

be neceeeeiy in his and our interests to exercise reasonable

measuree of control over his movements and actlvitlea generally.

Laws and regulations ere a necessary evil, but it

le felt tbat, in this oonoeotion, the regulating meauares to

be epplled enould be of an educative and advieory native and

not merely prohibitive and penal, and, further, that any

obligations to be improved should be shared by all parties

concerned and not in the main by the Sative. ?lth tibia

objeot in view, the following suggestions are offered^-

(1) (a) Sative labour bureaus in all Industrial centres.

(b) ? at periodical statistics of supply and demand

be rendered to the ^cion Native Affaire Department*

(e) That particulare of stq?ply and demand be published

through tha bureaa*, magletrates and looa 1 authoritiee in

urban araaa and through Magistrate*, Metive Commisrlonera

and ^olica in tha rural and territorial aoursas of aupply.

(d) That employers in urban araaa be restricted to

engaging thair labour fro* bat looal supply.

(a) That tha ^ownor-General or Minister ba ataptoaarad

to proclaim urban araaa in which tha supply o f Satire 1 bour

ta aqua 1 to or in exoees of tha demand to be {prohibited araaa.

Again, aa an alternative or supplementary meaaure,

tha following deeerves consideration:•

“That tha Dir sot or of tive labour ba authorised

to issue te sry permit a under auoh condition* a a ha may

prescribe for the engagement by employer a or their accredited

re present a t ivee, of ffativea in urban araaa *i»re a aurplue of

labour ia shewn to axiet ."

Under the preeent ay*tern, or lack of aystem of

regulating urban labour suppliee, mt find the follosdngt-

(a) Ho means are offered tha Native of aeoertaining

froBJ racogniaed official source* where there ia a demand for

labour.;t:' The

(to)/ Preference shown by employere for vhat they term

"the outaide boy" ia encouraged, thereby contributing to tha

aggravating faotora of the looal problem*, a a the engagement

of an "outaide boy” invariably meana an addition to tha ranka

of the locally unemployed.

(c) Although the employer ia a party to tha portion

created as referred to under (b ), the responsibility for Justi

fying hia presence in tha area is solely upon tha Satire.

Briefly, the objects aimed at under ( 1 ) aret*

(a) To serve aa madia or agenda* for dieserclnrrting informati

and advice on matters ralsting to the supply and denaad of

Native labour, particularly by personal contact.

(b) Go-ordinat ',on in control and regulation of Hat lea fc * * * « : ’

(a) Additional and supplementary to (a ).

(d ) To disoourage tbs present preference ehewn ny em-

ployere for tha "outeIda boy” even when a plentiful eupply of

labour la evellabl* looally.

distribute the responsibility between the employer

and the Native and not unduly to reetrict the move m»nts of

the latter, * hi oh would alao have tha effect of gradually

educating the latlve to the wisdom of proceeding only to

thoae oentree offering employment.

It le recognised that the scheme es outlined above

would require oaraful attention to detail and that a consider­

able period would probably lapse before appreelable improve-

■ante ware forthcoming. It la felt, however, that with

the aetlve interest of the various authorities conoerned, a

system could be evolved whereby the present preotioe of con­

trolling the movements of Bstivee eolaly by lawe and regulationi

which, however, necessary, are undoubtedly a continual aairce

of irritation and diasati*faction, would gradually mate room

for fidminietratlve meaeuroe of an educative nature having tha

ayapathetlc co-operation of all partiee.

the additional and aupplamentary powere to ba granted

to tha ^Iraator of lativa labour aouid ba areraised aa tem­

porary or tentative relief meaeuree.

It la fait that a disouse ion of the Urban native

Problem would be incomplete without a brief reference to tha

question of wsgee and particularly th Influence of the Wages

Board determinations on unskilled lativa labour.

Bmp laymen t figures tar Bloemfontein ehew that, prior

to the minimum wage determination, whloh took effeot aa from

let January 1929, when tha average wage waa 2/- to 2/d par day#

6,500 mala Bativee were under oontreete of eervloe. Between

January 1929 and June 1929, when the minimum payable waa 18/-

per week, or 3/- per dey, the number lncreaaed to 6 ,700 . Tha

period 1st July 1929 to 31st heee ber 1929 ehewed an Increase

*» *t tn» latter data to 7 ,S10 , '?fee« tiai miai ;uia pay' bio

waa 19/- p** r waek, or 3/5d par day. fcfe fcu<* pr*««n%

reiniaiams yag* of 11 par **ek , or 5 /jd par day « • fro» let Jan­

uary le*t, th» i>«oerbrr 1£2§ average aajcloyatect figure* have

e n iraint*

Althoo&n aiaprovi-g tiia apprehendioaa ci those who

fear *<5 that uinisnm *a<i,e determination would novo the

tf-fjfoat of £ reduction ia ©muloppaafe of unskilled Batlro

1bboar, an axaai.ni?stow of toe il^ur^a aiiow ta iufcruase iu -?Ia-

einrgii o£ local rea^do&te suu eu i&azwaae So ©ng:: gem a n't a of

whrat %ho employer ter*j» fcfcw Houtaid© Sfttlva", c& aon-reeide nt.

f**rti?al«rly ts thia evida&t aaouget the smaller esqployera.

Us# \Joya* feels that ha 1* entitled to a better ret>irn for

the pd«iitio»al outlay entailed.

uouut the extensive building operation* lc Sloam-

fontein daring tioa ^ a t two years have cor.tr!outed towards

ii*ore»*a ia amt>loyweat figures, bat It haa bean shown that

employ* re , who, prior to the aduiKua wage defea&atxfttioa ^ere

paying th* iii^har rata* tbea obtaiaiu^, ha a not found «t

©eoesseiy to ©freet uian> ottaogea ia the para »m*l of their

<a#tiw# employee, #her*aa fci.o*e ^.o h»?e beea p* 7ing bare

•ubsisteaoe ratios for which they racoiyad s r a l l ie s return

io aarvloaa, have A»de uameroaa anaage* .

* « * * • ia no doubt, however, that aa*p»ti«ioa Area

within a«d frob althoat aad the p re scare of economic additions

sane rally have awakeaee ia the f < sponsible litive & farther

raeliea-ioa of the part ha oaa pi y ia furthering th* prctectin;

hie owo intareats by reauering &ore efficient ac-rvioar.

Perhaps it »lght b* w»tlon«0 that, einoa the fixiag

of a ’r’ioinum %&fte for unskilled %ntlvr. l b our ia Bloeafor.te in,

the number of appliesuta for work bee increased. This

applies both la the eaee of loc 1 aad also outside S*tives.

the figures read as follow:-

April 1927 to March 1928 5349

April 1928 to March 1989 . . 8750

April 1829 to Maroh 1930 . . 9479

of who*, la each oases, approximately 3S£ were non-reeidents.

Ae stated, the determinetion took effeot os fro® let January

1929 and et present 7 ,310 mole Retiree ere under service

contract a .

these, and the population figures of Bloemfontein,

although primarily of looal interest, are an indloatlon of a

possible and probable condition applicable to all urban

centres and eaphsaiae the necessity of steps being taken to

protect urben oommunitiee against a aoeition freight with

ConeequettQoe f vital concern to the country generally.

Perhaps I might add a few words to my remarks in

this paper. As regarde houSL ag and rental, briefly, s»

you kno* in some tonne the Municipality ere at 8 housing

accomodation, but in otaer towns housS. ng accomodation ia

a lia ed to be erected by the natives themes lve* I deal

with that particular point in my Statement. 1 might Men­

tion that we had a £20,000 Government Loan. the native ie

allowed to erect his own house. -he Municipality eetlmetee

the amount of material required, and supplies the materiel.

Ho adv«n ce of aaeu iemade. The bricks he makes himself, and

the result ie that things come to him very muoh more cheaply

then they *ould otherwise. The municipal r t e on the native

la 8 /8d . He has to pay that, and then he pays off for the

■atari” 1 s well.

CHAIRMAN! Save you got figuree snowing the amouftt thotxx ,

is lent to tne nstiveeT— Tee, the average ie between £40 -»nd

£18.

Doee that cover all tne material?— Tee, many of them

bay secondhand materiale and put that in, but »*ny other*

60 not. Ye allow then to pat In these eeoomd-fcft&d material a

?>hiah, of oouree, have to be approved o f .first .

Tou have no figure shoeing the 4a * outlay whicu a

native make a on the average for building his house?— Tea,

1 have all these details In my Statement.

SSNATOP VAI BISKS K* To what do you ascribe the

groat Influx into Kroonatad and into Bethlehem too?— Te ll ,

I think it is the came as it is all over the oountry at

the preeent time. It 1s due to economic pressure, or

rather to eeonomlc condition*.

The fact that you have not got any municipal loca­

tion houses has not aoted ae a determent for t»»e aatlve to

cone here instead of going to Kroonatad?— So, 1 do not

think ao. Bloawf ontein, of course, hr.a the advantage

of its geographical situation* We get the nativee pae-

slng froas Baautoland to the minee, and many of then*

break their Journey here. Bloemfontein la the gredbet

industrial centra in the Free otate, and that la the reaaon,

I suppose, that eo many of them ooae here. Tou have m all

industries at Saroonstad, Bethlehem and otner pi ces, and

alao the 1913 aot has undoubtedly had the effect of driving

nativee to the to*n. They could not bring a great deal

of stoek with them. That la ao, but there were many other

advantagee In the to*ns, particularly after the paaelng of

the 1915 Aot, which prevented farmsrs from keeping them

any longer on the shares basis. The natives found that

the Aot w*e put into eff ot be for« provider, had been made

to absorb them. The farmer oould not afford to keep onyear

a permanent labour force all tia/round. Of couree the

farmer haa hie seasonable demands, and at cert in times

of the year requlree a fairly large labour force, but at

other tinea tf the year, he baa to discharge many of

of his labourer*, «nd the reeult is that the nativee

*ho are discharged from these farms instead of going to

other rural areas sake for tne tosns. The principle

reason why they go to tne towa is that the eduoational

facilities are ao much greater there, and further their

wages in the rural areas, as a on par sd with the town areas,

are very muon smaller. That Is what the natives tell yon.

X personally do not agree with them. My cwo vie* is

that share a native is getting 30/- per month on a farm,

wit;, all tne privileges he enjoys, if he hae deoeat housing

and is given his food, then he is oetter off then a town

native earning 3 /6 d . per day.

CHAIBMA3: $hen you sey he la getting 30/- on tne

farm, are you quoting any actual figurea?— Tea, and then

ha gets the ot&er privileges aa veil.

You mean ploughing and a oert**in an ount of gracing?—

Yes.

But do they get that?— They do not get it today

because tue farmers cannot afford to pay it . I am not

speaking from my sotuat knowledge, but from vhat I have been

told. The farmer cannot afford to give a large mount of

ground for the use of hia natives. He could do so at one

time before the lav vs a enforced, but they vers not allowed

to plough on shares.

Thirty Maillinga per month plus the other privileges

is surely worth £5 per month in town?— Ye« that is my

personal opinion, but the nativee do not seem to consider

thsti They look at it in a different light,

MF . LUCAS) Are there many who are getting as nuoh

as 30/- per month on t e farms, plus their other privileges?

There ere not. From my own investigations there ere cot.

The information whiah w a given to me by a practical fanaer

aa regard* wage a was to the following effeot?- That outside

the me-'ilie area of toe Free State wage* hare average twelve

aad aixpeuce to 15/- per month, plus half a hag of mealle

meal and ooffee. 1 refer to a number of these nattere

la my paper.

88SAT0*? VAS ffXBKCfK^ After a ll , there is not any

ebsolute ehat you night oall flooding of natives iato the

tosas from t^e farms. It is a general flowf— It is

fairly heavy. They eoae into t e town aad they go out

again, hut there is a fairly heavy trek from the country

areas.

Do you think that is to be wondered et i f you pay

high wagee and give the other attractions <f the town.

Do you think it is more than you would find in European

towns?— Yes, undoubtedly, but I think it could be

stopped.

In what way oould it be stopped?— -ell, it would

be rather difficult to do it of course. You might have a

dearth of labour in the town. The natural inoresse of the

to^n population to ay mind ia sufficient to meet the lebour

demands of Bloemfontein for the next ten year*, unless of

course big snterprlses war opened here.

CHAIRMAN* tbloh is the strong force which drives

a native away from the country— which ia the strongeet

foroe— the force which drives the natives away or the force

ari lch attracts them to the town?** The tovm force, you might

oall it?— Of course the native undoubtedly enjoys the

privileges of the town which he does not get in the country.

He has better houai ng conditions, educational facilities,

recreation facilities , and so on, in tne town are greater,

And la the to aa of the Fr«« State, at any ra t* , * native

has definite term* of eaployweot. He he a a oontrsot of

service. And, of couree, high we get appeal to the nstiv ee—

the wage a in Bl« afoatola •fpttr to the native to be muoh

higher ftlue a reasonable wage in the country. There le not

the slightest douot about that.

Kven thougn that may be due to hie weak appreciation

ct arithmetic?-- Tee, that le H . Be doe* epprsolate the

extra money whioh he makes here, although he often forgets

that he le faced with a lot of extra expenses when he oomee

to town.

So you think thet the town attracting force Is the

biggest factor?— Tee, 1 do think thet under existing cir-

cumatanoee that is so, but 1 do feel toat it could be coon*

teraoted to aagreet extent If conditions could be Improved

in the rur*l areaa.

MR LUCAS: Do you m en conditions other than

wsgee?— I think that if wagee were inoreaeed a little , It

might have »n effect. I cannot speak with authority m

tuat, but I quoted you the we gee which are peld to him on

the farms, end the native doee not think that I f / - P«r month

Is sufficient, even though he gete ell theee other privilege*.

He feels that the os eh wages which he gets do net permit of

his obtaining a few extreet he feele that they do not permit

of his being enabled to send his child away to be educated

or to do a number of other things wbloh he regards ee necessary

And he feele that he le being drlvan into the town, meny agalne

their w ill, to obtain theee prlvllegee, because tr*e demend for

eduoetlon, the *111 to be educated smonget the native today,

\a very etrong.

SBHATfi VM* *1*11*1* My qoeetlon is this! Just for

ergumenta* eeke let ue egree that what you say is right; there

art certain attractions in the town. Lat ua agree that

the conditions In the oountry aide ar* not what they should

be. frr But then the natural economic preeaure on the

f i ? m u s t have certain effects. assuming that all theae

people were as a rem it of th*s economic presaurs driven

from the far* to the town, the farmer wouldhwe to relee

his standard of asgea, he would hare to give them better

houses* But there doesn't seem to be anything of the

kind in tue count?yside• JTy argument is that there 1» un/

not a natural nitration from the farms to the towns? —

There way not, but why then are the farmers always crying

ou»; tee more labour; why are they always complaining of a

tftortage of labour.

Well# aa far as we have gone, there are very few

places where they oomplain of a shortage, exsept in certain

aessoss?— ell, It i* not unusual for farmers to oome

into Bloemfontein with motor lorries and take away labour

to their farma.

But that la only In certain aeaaona?— Yea, that

la ao, but that ia my ar?ru»*nt.

You cannot keep labour on any farm throughout the

year?-- Yes, that is so. And then a ^ t i v s makes for the

neareet town, and once he haa taated the sweet* of town life

he la finished for Htfe country*

ffcat I agree with, W©» what class of native is the

preponderant one that aomee from the countryside. Do they

oome in with their families?— So, very few oome in with

their families. bring their families la later. They

eome lo alone first , and later on they their families

*hen thay h ve aettied down.

X# it noc usually the younger native, the boy of 19

or 20 who cornea to the tosa?-- fro, It is the middle-aged

nativs. You get very few of the older type. The older

typ* occasiionslly come in to see thair son* who have been

working In urban arena. Tne old chap comes In and brings

his family, but 1 do not encourage that ia the interests

of the nafcie population*

Sir LUCAS 1 I notioe thnt tha females exceed the I

males by quite a substantial number?-- Yea.

Ha a that be aft t.hc Q &m fur a number of year a?— I

d n*t knows I M M A t say.

Save you got corresponding figures for the last few

years?*- I have the figure* for the past year.

Have you got th»m for previous years?— Yes, I tnink

I have.Haa that excess of females been recent?— Bo, for the

paat five or six years there has always been an excess of d

females over NUiles*.

And haa that excess been reflected among those coming

Into the town? - That I cannot say. The females do not have

to register and they haven't got to carry any papers whatever,

so it ia absolutely impossible to keep an accurate record of

the number of females in !5lo»ffifontein* ftur trouble with the

atr*n^e female la that ths !3aauto woman, he is ostracised

by the tribe, and has been driven out. That is one lot

oome to loam fonts In, but an other lot la of the undesirable

type. A great number of them come, and they come t m brewing

and fo/ immoral purpowsea. Their numbers h^vebaen reduced

of late.

She re aa they come from?— Gecerally they come from

Basutoland.

Mr. Lucas: You can give ue the figures later in rsgsrd

to the difference between male a aad females?— I do not think

:a - -:ttr. ^ooper

we have the» for five years. I know there ha* always been

a pr*?ponderanoe of «© so over men, but I eould not give you

the figure* for the pest five years.

DR. 10b:. ffi: I do not c u e at Ion joui content ioa at

all, but you must always rememoer the* t in a pormanent aud

coastaut body of people females will 3u in the ra^joiity?

Yes. that la ao *

do you must make a slight allo^aao*8. fa that?-- Yes.

The oaly female taat I taite exception iso 1* tne type we get

frons dasutoland*

But there caanot be very many?— ¥o, not aorj. £e

have dealt very severely with thcos, aufc tney were * menaoe

a year or eo ago.

I notice that you refer to rfsreation 6n your list.

As racarda ttloemfoafceia we hsve *- 8po*t» Ground tier®. £e

have 23 football 3luas, excluding tne soaools. we have five

ario^et clubs, six tenttie slabs, ind nix cyclist clubs,

fe hsve a Y .w .C .A . bioscope, <q indepeadant Order of Good

Tessplars, rayfsrer* Association, Cbiloreo’ s Welfare so-lety,

e I ispensary, and in regard to this, the iocntloo ,?dlcol

Off leer will give evidence.

'41 nof we h ve inaugurated sport, piwJ set aside

a ioarts Ground and a location, 1 think it h s hac a tre­

mendous effrsat oa tuc fe oda* afteriMKW ?«er parties and on

the Saturday afternoon oeer part let?, und other iwaoral

prcticea. It ttJs seeded to a$*tf9 ’* more healthy atmoe- j

phsre, and It is undoubtedly iasprovie? the &icd of tne young

natives. shy I say that is tiiis I *t1»e«d t^e sports

uround occaaionally myself, ar.d I drop iis from ti*e to time,

•ad i is aoteiufc to sac 20X- to 1000 n*fciva• eatohing a

ga«ie of doeeer • kt*a «e e w y , .a «sa -vfeo oar pley tne

game on the football grouud, o u plsy it la the game of l ife .

Thare is no that thi* has **61* refleotod tremen­

dously la 0.4 1 nation- I ia a §*•** «d*irer of sport,

apd X a» a atc-:it advocate of the d ;veXop^nt of sporting

is.9 tititit s rr-o-nz fcne native a., aud x a is sat is f lad that It

has # correspoatfi&f moral iaf iuenaa on tjjs health of the

OOMffiUfilty.

!!& UFCa:>.* You sere *oadiB« eaeefchimf just now

t L o u a io Yu h * v e told us the conditions?-- Yea.

The oonditloosof nousing in bloemioatein. in uloemfon-

teia, ■ £8biva to be entitled to oot&in a stand ou whiah to

eraat hi a own houae aroet possess a roo&dentlel and employ*

m at qualification, otherwise it would lend itaelf to specu­

la Sion and abu**, aad it is in turn interests of tae resitf nt

u& tiiv-2 jDsinuaitg- that these conditions should o« imposed aad

aohared to. if a a tive h■■■« he?u ia eaployrrtflat for twelve

aoaths or two ye-sr-s, ’ fid if be Has ao«e means, and if his

eaploj^ei'*'- is partaaaeat, we Issue ? at£ad to niT., He is

allowed sine Hiofitus ip $feioh to erect his building. He

arecte the walla himself, he l»s*? the foundation, generally

cakes the tricks hisseIf, sod ?oeo he i* re-*«Cy for the extra

Material, the door a, tuts v.-indowe, e to*, his requirements a?®

ealoulfctad accurately fay the as..latent Vjaao-re - o th<* Loc^tloa.

The Assistant ,#aa**»r >£ the loo-t-Lon then gives this native

s requisition <>n tin# stoi’s, and he dr*!*s his mnteri 1.

Thee® requioitioaa are atede out in triplicate. One oeniee

biak to us, endorsed by tue Storake^per. re-okon out the

value of t*s Materials shian jftove Oa-ja supplied to hi)*, and

we debit hl», aad ia addition to paying hie woathly etaod feoa

of d /8d ., he auat pay aa 1 /- per *onth ia repayment in value

of tha ■ Ittflil issued to nia.

X might say that where a native haa had Xuok and

falls in debt through ao fault of his own, so long a a he

pays us 5/- per month we are aatiefied, so long as he shows

that he intends to meet his liabilities and that there are

©traumata noea preventing him from paying the fuXX amount,

that man is own every consideration poaaibie. It haa

thia remarkabXe reauXt fto m the munioip 1 point of view,

it relievee looaX authorities of a tremendousXy heavy outXay

auch as we have eeen in Gnpe Town and Johannesburg, X am

not deaXing with the conditions that are prevaiXing there.

But X just want to say that this qr etem saves us the heavy

maintenance charges which the other munioipalitiea have

and above aXX it glvee the native en intereet in his sur­

roundings. X find that the native atandhoXder take a an

intereet in the government of the Xoo ation; he fee la that

he is jealous of his surroundings. This ayetem prevents

charging a aab-eoonomic rent, or a rent beyond the mmaas

of a native* because there is no netive, ia my opinion,

generally speaking, with very few exooptiona, drawing a

large salary, who, under the general wage existing throughout

the Union today, can afford to pay £1 per month rent.

X know that for the amenitiea which we offer we fcrvo

the Xoweat t^xed native a in the ^nlon. There axe a few

la oertala muniol pr Xitiea who pay a little leaa, but they are

not ao weXX looked after aa our natives are; they do not enjoy

the amenitiee which are enjoyed by our netivea.

My nativea, or sonte cf them, have a struggle to pay

this 6 /8d«—-that ia 6 /6d . rate pius XO/«. But we know what

their condltlone are. Their wivea work and heXp them to

pay off the debt of the houee. The men get 3 /6d . per day

6-I&- «454

aa a minir-rom *ege. la sedition th*y take lodgers.

Other a egaiu taka to sear ’are^tlag— there ar* Kaay who

ao that, but, 1 aa pleased to say that anj©ng tha respec­

table alas* of uativas, toe* vary rarely happens. They

would rather taka tiieir ernola family out to *ork.

Oat of $,340 oasupied stands la Sloemfontein

Looatioa, the Mttnlolpe llty hss only £7000 adv*n oe for

material, a te ., and 1 have oaly found it necessary to ra-

Qoaiaioaa that £150' bq aot a aids for b»d da tot a. £7000 la

the out. at aot! lag aaoun-.

Out of £7000 you sat aside £1500 for bad d*bte? —

?ell, X ahould pat it tala ^ay. have pit £1500 aaida

aa a reaorva to aieet bad dabts, -phioh la *Js never touched.

It is a standing resarva?— Tea* 9ad dabts ara

at a ulnl*uft.

SSSATCH 'ikk MltTSXiIt Ho« long does it taka a native

uaually t© pay off hla house?— It is usually four years.

Some of thea ssaue a special effort 3z.d their son* help than,

and they pay off la vary llttls tiae, and tha result la that

they hsve a happy ana contented home, and It aav«a tha Muni­

cipality maintenance and supervision costs, and principally

it gives tha natives aa interest in tfcsir hor.ee, and having

an interest in ti.e urban si as is eweinr their little property

it helps to at-kc things run moi e amoothly In the location,

and it else aaaiats in the administration of the location.

SKIaTOj* V** HlKfcM r ^hen sen c native be turned

out?— If he runs into arrears with his rent, and if he

makes no attempt whatever to pay hie debta. ?h<*n, of courae,

his pi upar ty c^u he mold in axeoutlon. The debt la then

4#^uot«»di - - the He'l«roe is hsnd«?ri to hita.

Are tnero ouaaa 11 to taat?— There are very fa* ooaee

Collection Number: AD1438

NATIVE ECONOMIC COMMISSION 1930-1932, Evidence and Memoranda

PUBLISHER: Collection funder:- Atlantic Philanthropies Foundation

Publisher:- Historical Papers Research Archive

Location:- Johannesburg

©2013

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