Salam!

Number your paper #1-8.

Write down the first word or phrase that comes to your mind for each picture.

There are no right or wrong answers.

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ISLAM

HWH

Muslims practice religion

known as Islam Islam means “Submitting

to God” Mostly found in Middle

East, but 2 billion worldwide

Due to recent events (9/11) Islam has been in the news

Introduction

Before Islam, most Arabs (people living in Middle East)

practiced religion w/ many gods Muhammad (570-632)

Wealthy businessman who lived in Mecca At 25, married a 40 year old woman named Khadija Upset at how most Arabs lived

Drinking, gambling, being unfaithful bothered him Believed the Arab gods were bad and the God of the

Jews and Christians was THE ONLY GOD God was called “Allah” (father)

While praying on a hill outside Mecca, Gabriel, the angel that spoke to Moses, told him to spread his message to the Arabs about God

Muhammad

Told people Allah is their only

God Many Arabs did not want to hear

this (violence) Flees to Medina

This year 622 “Year of the Hijra” is first year of the calendar

Other Arabs mad at Muhammad and invaded to end this new religion Muhammad and people of Medina

defend their city over and over In 630, Muhammad invades

Mecca Muhammad wins, but dies 2

years later Most Arabs become Muslim

Muhammad

Muhammad dies in 632 AD and father-in-law,

oldest friend, Abu Bakr becomes leader of new religion “Caliph” – successor to the prophet Caliphs conquered Syria, Persia, North Africa in 25

years New “Muslim” empire treated people well

Could either accept Islam, or pay a tax to empire Some killed, but many converted Many didn’t even resist their taking over

Spread of Islam

Tried to take over

Constantinople (711) First major conflict

between Muslims and Christians

DID enter Europe and Moors ruled Spain

Tried to enter France, defeated at Battle of Tours (732)

Muslim influence in Europe stopped at Spain

Spread of Islam

Spread of Islam

Muslims killed their 3rd caliph, Uthman

Causes BIG division in Islam Brief civil war, the next caliph Ali is killed,

Mu’awiya takes over (661) Those that followed Mu’awiya called Sunni Those that followed Ali’s sons were called

Shi’ah (Shiite) Violence then, violence now between the

two 90% Sunni, 10% Shiite

Islam SplitsUthman: ooth-MAHNMu’awiya: moo-AH-wee-yaSunni: SOOH-neeShi’ah: SHEE-ah

Turks

Originally from steppes of Asia

Ruled by Sultan Moors

North African Berbers Tariq led army into

Spain (711) and stayed for 700 years

Islamic Powers

Traders Producers: artisans, spices, textiles Astronomers Medicine

Most important contribution Surgeries and hospitals Basis for Renaissance revival of

medicine/learning Mathematics Art & architecture Calligraphy

Islamic Civilization

The Alhambra, Spain

The Alhambra, Spain

Quran

Quran is holy book of Islam

1 God Prophets include

Abraham, Jesus, & Moses Muhammad = prophet Words of angel Gabriel

compiled over 23 years Believe in Judgment Day

and human resurrection

Contains Muhammad’s writings for

proper living Five Pillars of Faith

1st -Must say Muhammad is God’s prophet

2nd-Must pray 5 times a day facing the direction of Mecca

3rd-Give money to charity 4th-People must fast during Ramadan,

the Holy Month, during the daylight 5th-Every Muslim must travel to

Mecca once to pray and worship (Hajj)

Quran & 5 Pillars

Kaaba in Mecca

Requires a strict code of

virtuous conduct Beliefs stressed in the

Koran Cannot drink alcohol or

eat pork (like Jews) Allows for polygamy

(multiple wives) Only four, must be treated

equally Women can only have one

husband Allowed slavery, but

encouraged freedom

Islamic Culture

Idea of Jihad—“Struggle” (Holy War)

Interpreted differently (violent vs. nonviolent) Anyone who died in this kind of “struggle” would

receive blessings in heaven Major issue today

Jihad

Muslims worship in mosques

No images or statues (not even Muhammad) No ceremonies or priesthood Prayer services led my learned Muslims Women pray separately from men in mosques

Common features Minaret (tower), dome, and no furniture Mirab: niche that points toward Kaaba in

Mecca

Worship