Nuclear weapons

Presented by Alex, Meggy and Jonas

Index of contents

• “Iran and weapons of mass destruction“

• “Nuclear Weapons and the United States”

• “North Korea and the atomic bomb“

“Iran and weapons of mass destruction“

• Current situation

• Iranian attitude

• Recriminations

• Effects on the society

• Effects on the human being

Current situation

• Iran developing nuclear weapons?

• Iran signed treaties (e.g. NPT)

• enriching uranium is legal

Current situation

• IAEA attested that Iran does not possess nuclear IAEA attested that Iran does not possess nuclear weapons or weapons-grade uraniumweapons or weapons-grade uranium

• BUT: BUT:

• Some nuclear technology is dual-use!Some nuclear technology is dual-use!

• Iran might be able to produce enough uranium for a Iran might be able to produce enough uranium for a nuclear weapon by the end of this decadenuclear weapon by the end of this decade

• UN passed a resolution in July 2006 that calls on UN passed a resolution in July 2006 that calls on Iran to suspend uranium enrichment but Iran did not Iran to suspend uranium enrichment but Iran did not follow this demandfollow this demand

Iranian attitude

• nuclear programme done for power generation

• non-peaceful use would violate treaties and religious principles

• diversification of energy sources necessary: oil fields will be depleted, operating costs for nuclear reactors are relatively low and stable

• western position is hypocritical

• Iran has the right to enrich uranium and this should not be offended

Recriminations

USA• balance of power in middle east will be changed

• other eastern countries are encouraged to also produce nuclear weapons

• U.S. Influence will be weakened

• Assumption: Iran sponsors international terrorism

• Iran supports islamic militant groups like Hamas and Jihad

• Iran will attack Israel

Recriminations

France• nuclear programme is clandestine attempt to

develop weapons United Kingdom

• military intervention and use of nuclear weapons will have desastrous consequences for international security

Israel• nuclear weapons will be used to destroy Israel• Iran maintains a close relationship with Hezbollah

Recriminations - General

• Palestine will support Iran

• Iran offered Pakistan 4 billion dollars for the technology of an atom bomb

• Non-Aligned-Movement (NAM) declared that they support Iran

Effects on the society

• Iran cancels treaties

• attack on Iran by USA/Israel under pretence of a preemptive strike

• military mission necessary to resolve the conflict

--> provocation of Iran

--> Iranian attack on Israel

-->terrorism

-->war

Effects on the human being

• hazards to people and environment from radioactive contamination depend on the nature, level and extent of contamination

• immediate deaths of approximately 100,000 to 200,000 people

• cancer, mutation of genetic material, blood circle and immunity system are affected, higher risk for infections, general illness, sterility, stillbirth, loss of hair, internal bleeding, bone marrow is destroyed, organs are severely damaged, water-electrolyte imbalance, delirium, coma, death

“Nuclear Weapons and the United States”

• America

• Nuclear Testing

• Accidents

• Current Status

America

• The first country that successfully developed nuclear weapons

• The only country that has used them against another nation

• 6.8.1945: “Little Boy”

• 9.8.1945: “Fat Man”

• Maintains an arsenal of about ten thousand warheads to this day

Nuclear Testing

• Postwar period-U.S. engaged in a nuclear arms race against the Soviet Union

• Weapons were theoretical, no method was known for successfully igniting a nuclear fusion reaction

• Nov.1952 “Ivy Mike” (10 megaton) + Feb.1954 “Casle Bravo” (15 megaton)

over twice the projected expectations• 1850-60 U.S. continued in its path, developing ICBM’s• stockpile of weapons increased to over 32.000 warheads

in 1966• 1.054 nuclear tests were conducted

Accidents

• U.S. suffered from a number of accidents of varying forms• In some cases the explosive system of the fission weapons

discharged but did not trigger a nuclear chain reaction• 11 nuclear warheads are thought to be lost in submarine

accidents• July 1945: “The Trinity” (yield of around 20 kt)• July 1946: Operation Crossroad series • May 1951: Operation Greenhouse• Oct. 1954: “Castle Bravo” - error in casualation in weather conditions - populations were evacuated but not before suffering radiation

burns - number of citizens have sued for compensation of their

exposure

Current Status

• U.S. is one of the five recognized nuclear powers

• Current arsenal of around 9.960 intact warheads

• Few hundred of the B61 bombs are located at eight bases in six European NATO countries

“North Korea and the atomic bomb“

• History

• Current situation

• Future

History

• NPT

• Six-Party-Talks

• America < - >North Korea

Current Situation

• October 09, 2006 / The test

• October 14, 2006 / Resolution 1718

• October 17, 2006 / Reaction

Future

The End

Hope you enjoyed

Published / Read at

www.dkv-clan.de/nuclear.ppt