Nuclear Energy in Korea

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TradeAmbassador for Energy and Resources

KIM Eun-seok

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TradeAmbassador for Energy and Resources

KIM Eun-seok

PartⅡ. Nuclear Energy in Korea1. Development of Nuclear Energy in Korea2. Nuclear Policy 3. Nuclear Industries in Korea

PartⅡ. Nuclear Energy in Korea1. Development of Nuclear Energy in Korea2. Nuclear Policy 3. Nuclear Industries in Korea

PartⅠ. Nuclear Energy Overview1. Current Status of Nuclear Energy2. Why Nuclear Energy?

PartⅠ. Nuclear Energy Overview1. Current Status of Nuclear Energy2. Why Nuclear Energy?

2

PartⅠ. Nuclear Energy Overview

1

2

N.America

122

L.America

6

Africa

2

Europe

196 Asia

115

In operation: 441Under construction: 58Planned: 148Proposed: 331

WNA Projection: 559 operable

reactors in 2030!

Source: World Nuclear Association (Nov 2010)Source: World Nuclear Association (Nov 2010) 5

441 Units in Operation (30 Countries)441 Units in Operation (30 Countries)

1. Current Status of Nuclear Power

441 Units in Operation (30 Countries)441 Units in Operation (30 Countries)

Units in Operation

Electricity Generation (%)

USA 104 20.2%

France 58 75.2%

Japan 55 28.9%

Russia 32 17.8%

Korea 20 34.8%

UK 19 17.9%

India 19 2.2%

Canada 18 14.8%

Germany 17 26.1%

Ukraine 15 48.6%

China 13 1.9%Source: World Nuclear Association (Nov 2010)Source: World Nuclear Association (Nov 2010) 6

1. Current Status of Nuclear Power

Nuclear Power Plants by Country (2010.11)Nuclear Power Plants by Country (2010.11)

Oil Natural Gas

Coal Uranium

Availability

42 years 60 years 133 years 241 years

Reserves 164.5 Billion Ton

181 Trillion m3

909 Billion Ton

16 Million

Ton

7

2. Why Nuclear Energy?

Uranium: 240 yrsUranium: 240 yrs vsvs Fossil Fuel: 40-130 yrsFossil Fuel: 40-130 yrsUranium: 240 yrsUranium: 240 yrs vsvs Fossil Fuel: 40-130 yrsFossil Fuel: 40-130 yrs

Without NPP …

- Global CO2 emission would be 10% larger than the current level

- In Korea, 24%↑

Without NPP …

- Global CO2 emission would be 10% larger than the current level

- In Korea, 24%↑

GHGs emitted by power generation

Coal Oil Gas NE

CO2 Emission (g/kWh)CO2 Emission (g/kWh)

8

2. Why Nuclear Energy?

Environmentally Friendly: : Less CO2 EmissionEnvironmentally Friendly: : Less CO2 Emission

Nuclear

Coal Hydro Wind Oil LNG Solar

39.4 40.9 93.6 107.3 117.0 128.3 677.4

◊ Production Cost: 3~25 times lower than conventional energy◊ Production Cost: 3~25 times lower than conventional energy

Nuclear

Solar

Wind

◊ Land Site: 5~500 times less

◊ Land Site: 5~500 times less

330,000 m2330,000 m2

33,000,000 m2

33,000,000 m2

165,000,000 m2

165,000,000 m2

Landsite to produce 1 GWh electricityLandsite to produce 1 GWh electricity

※ Unit: KRW/KWH, Source: Korean Electric Power Corporation ※ Unit: KRW/KWH, Source: Korean Electric Power Corporation

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2. Why Nuclear Energy?

Comparative Advantage: Cost, Land & EfficiencyComparative Advantage: Cost, Land & Efficiency

Uranium: Widely spread vs. Fossil fuel: dependent on ME & Russia

Uranium: Widely spread vs. Fossil fuel: dependent on ME & Russia

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10

2. Why Nuclear Energy?

Energy SecurityEnergy Security

PartⅡ. Nuclear Energy in Korea

1

2

3

The 1st Research Reactor in Korea,

TRIGA Mark II

The 1st president of Korea in the ground breaking ceremony

(1959.7.14)

1958: Nuclear Eng. Dept of Hanyang Univ.1959: Nuclear Eng. Dept of Seoul National Univ.1959: Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

1950-1953 : Korean War

13

Dawning of Nuclear Age in Korea Dawning of Nuclear Age in Korea

1. Development of Nuclear Energy in Korea

Turn Key basis587MWeCommercial operation in 1978Life extension after 30 years operation (2007.12)

1st unit of Nuclear power plant started

its construction

in 1972

14

Kori - the site of the 1st Korean NPP : before (top) and now (bottom).

1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaGenerating Nuclear Electricity in Korea

Generating Nuclear Electricity in Korea

`In operation

20 units (17,716 MW)

`Underconstruction

8 units (9,600 MW)

`

Underplanning

10 units(15,400 MW) Yong-gwang

6 units

Kori8 units

Ulchin8 units

Wolseong6 units

In OperationUnder Construction

Nuclear Power Plants

Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility (Under construction)

Radioactive Waste Disposal Facility (Under construction)

Goal by 2030 (Basic Plan, 2008.8)26% 41% of Capacity36% 59% of Generation

15

1. Development of Nuclear Energy in Korea6th Largest Nuclear Power Capacity in the World6th Largest Nuclear Power Capacity in the World

16

)

16

1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaInstalled Capacity & Electricity GenerationInstalled Capacity & Electricity Generation

17

1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaNPP DevelopmentNPP Development

18

18Source: Nuclear News. World List of Nuclear Power Plants, March 2009

1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaSouth Korean Nuclear Power UnitsSouth Korean Nuclear Power Units

1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s

1st Phase : Gen II2nd Phase : Gen III

3rd Phase : Gen III+

4th Phase : Gen IV

Turn-key base600 MWe

Standardization (KSNP)Optimization (OPR1000)1,000 MWe

Evolutionary PWRs

- APR1400 - SMART(330MWt)

Revolutionary - SFR : U recycle and waste minimization - VHTR : Hydrogen production

LocalizationLocalization

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1. Development of Nuclear Energy in KoreaKorean Nuclear Reactor SystemsKorean Nuclear Reactor Systems

Promoting Peaceful Uses of Nuclear EnergySecuring Nuclear SafetyEnhancing Nuclear Transparency

Promoting Peaceful Uses of Nuclear EnergySecuring Nuclear SafetyEnhancing Nuclear Transparency

No intention to develop and possess nuclear weaponsAdherence to the principle of nuclear transparency Compliance with the international norms of nuclear nonproliferation Expansion of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy

No intention to develop and possess nuclear weaponsAdherence to the principle of nuclear transparency Compliance with the international norms of nuclear nonproliferation Expansion of the peaceful uses of nuclear energy

Peaceful uses of nuclear energy in all nuclear fieldsPeaceful uses of nuclear energy in all nuclear fieldsPeaceful uses of nuclear energy in all nuclear fieldsPeaceful uses of nuclear energy in all nuclear fields

4 Principles on the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (2004)4 Principles on the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (2004)

Basic DirectionBasic Direction

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2. Nuclear Policy

National Nuclear PolicyNational Nuclear Policy

President

Prime Minister

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

(KAERI)

Ministry of Knowledge & Economy (MKE)

Atomic Energy Commission

Nuclear Related Government Structure

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade

(MOFAT)

Disarmament and Nonproliferation

Division

Ministry of Education, Science & Technology

(MEST)

Atomic Energy Bureau

Energy Team

Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety

(KINS)

Nuclear Safety Commission

Energy & Resources Policy Office

KEPCO, KHNP

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2. Nuclear Policy Nuclear Related Government StructureNuclear Related Government Structure

Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST)

KINS(Korea Institute of

Nuclear Safety)

Submit Technical

Evaluation Results

Request Technical

Review

Inspection & CorrectionFindings & Improvement

Technical Discussion & Inspection

Apply f

or Per

mit

or

Licen

se

Issu

e Per

mit

or

Licen

se

Nuclear Industries (KHNP, etc)

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2. Nuclear Policy

Working Mechanism of Safety RegulationWorking Mechanism of Safety Regulation

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Energy Intensity: 0.341 0.185 Oil Dependence: 43.4% 33%Renewable Energy Use: 2.4% 11%

Actively Joining International Efforts for GHG Reduction

Improving Efficiency

Establishing an Effective Energy Market

with Cost-Based Pricing

Increasing Use of Renewable Energy

Expanding and Promoting Nuclear Power Generation

Firm Foundation for Green Energy Tech Facilitating Carbon Market

Supporting Businesses for GHG CutsGreen Transformation in Major Industries

Elevating Korea’s Green Technologies to the Advanced countries’ Level

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2. Nuclear Policy

Energy Vision 2030Energy Vision 2030

’07 ’30 ’07

Oil

Coal

LNG

Nuclea

r

New &

renewable

14.9%

27.8%

2.4%

11%

83%

61%43.443.4

25.325.3

13.813.8

33.033.0

’30

15.715.7

12.012.0

2007 : 241millionTOE2007 : 241millionTOE

2030 : 300millionTOE2030 : 300millionTOE

Oil43.4%

Oil43.4%

Coal25.3%Coal

25.3%

Nuclear14.9%

Nuclear14.9%

Renewable & etc

2.5%

Renewable & etc

2.5%

Renewable & etc11.5%

Renewable & etc11.5% Coal

15.7%Coal

15.7%

Oil33.0%

Oil33.0%

Nuclear27.8%

Nuclear27.8%

LNG13.8%LNG

13.8%

LNG 12.0

%

LNG 12.0

%

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2. Nuclear Policy

Korea’s Energy Mix 2007 → 2030Korea’s Energy Mix 2007 → 2030

Expanding and Promoting Nuclear Power Generation

8 units under construction, 10 more units by 2030

Installed capacity : 24.4% in 2007 →41% by 2030

Electricity generation : 36% in 2007 → 60% by

2030

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2. Nuclear Policy

Expected Change by 2030Expected Change by 2030

KHNPKHNP

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3. Nuclear Industries

World’s Best Operation Performance World’s Best Operation Performance

Capacity FactorCapacity FactorCapacity FactorCapacity Factor Unplanned Capability Loss Unplanned Capability Loss FactorFactor

Unplanned Capability Loss Unplanned Capability Loss FactorFactor

Unit Construction Cost Unit Construction Cost ($/kWe)($/kWe)

※ Source: World Nuclear News (World Nuclear Association, 2008)

$2,050$2,050

as of 2008

$2,900$2,800

$3,050 $2,900

APR1400AP1000 ABWR EPR ACR1000VVER1000

$3,582

USA RUS JPN FRA CAN KOR

Overnight EPC CostOvernight EPC CostOvernight EPC CostOvernight EPC Cost

3.03¢3.03¢

4.65¢

6.86¢

3.93¢ 3.71¢3.17¢

※ Source: Projected Costs of Generating Electricity (OECD/NEA, 2005)

APR1400AP1000 ABWR EPR ACR1000VVER1000

USA RUS JPN FRA CAN KORUnit Generation Cost Unit Generation Cost (cents/kWh)(cents/kWh)

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KHNPKHNP

3. Nuclear Industries Cost Competitiveness of APR1400Cost Competitiveness of APR1400

Design & Engineering

Nuclear FuelMaintenance

& ServicesEquipment

Manufacturing

Nuclear Safety

Brand Power

Leading Role

Financing Capability

Global Experience

Leading Company

Construction

Regulatory BodyRegulatory BodyRegulatory BodyRegulatory Body

Ministry of Education,

Science & Technology

LicensingInspection

Research and Development

3. Nuclear Industries

Korean Nuclear IndustryKorean Nuclear Industry

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Operation & Management

3030 years of repetitive construction fostered competitive domestic suppliers in the entire nuclear cycle years of repetitive construction fostered competitive domestic suppliers in the entire nuclear cycle

High-fluxAdvancedNeutronApplicationReactOr

Multi-purpose Research Reactor

Feb., 1995

29

3. Nuclear Industries

HANARO Reactor HANARO Reactor

RCP

PZR

ReactorCore

SGC

X XXXX

X

30

Enhanced Reactor Safety by 10~100 times Water and electricity for 100,000 people

Loop Type PWR SMART (330MWt)

• Integrated Primary System PWR (No LBLOCA)

• Physically Inherent Safety Features

• Advanced Man-Machine Interface System

3. Nuclear Industries SMART Characteristics SMART Characteristics