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NATIONAL UNION RADIO CORPORATION Orange, New jersey
NU 216 3 MINIATURE CATHODE RAY
TUBE FINAL ENGINEERING REPORT
Air Force Contract
No AF 33(0381-173*5
FINAL EHGIBEKRIKG REPORT
MXEIATURE CATHODE RAY TUBS
R-^2163
AIR FORCE CONTRACT BOMBER A?33(038)-173^5
RATIONAL UBICN RADIO CORPORATION
ERQJECT K). R-2163
1/
C
o
FORBffCBD
This report is concerned with those aspects of the work done
under Contract AP 33(058)-173^5 which oonoern the development of
miniature oathode-ray tubes* The designation R-2163 was given to this
aspect of the work ande when used in this report, will refsr to the
miniature oathodefray tube.-
o
Abstract
The design and production of an eleotrcstatio focus
and deflection miniature cathode ray tube are described* 3ke tube
was developed by Rational Ursioc Radio Corp., Research Division, at
Orange, M. J. during the period froM Hoveaber 1950 to April 195J.
The tubes resulting from this work have good light output, resist
shook and vibration, have no exposed exhaust tip, and should be
widely applicable*
TABLE OP COITESJTS
Istroduotios *££. Section I - Desiga of Tube ...., 1
iBTO'lop® %
Stem »••..•.•.....••.... 1
llectua Gfun 1
Sereen • •.....-.«••..•••. 3
Ooffipl®%@ ittbSe .............. S
M«asur«aaats sad Tests .«... 5
Section II - Production of Tube 6
Envelope «•«•.«...•*•*•*.. o
worsen ........o......... o
Stem •.........**.»..... Y
Electron Gun ., 7
Processing ..**....•••••••. 7
Aging ecu Testing. ...••......• 7
LIST OP BRAKINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS
51g» Ho. Title Drawing No.
1 Face Plate A-2165-1-22A
2 Miniature C.B.T. Envelope A-2163-1-21
3 Stea A-2163-1-2U
k Electron Sun Assembly B-2I63-I-I3A
5 Mica Support B-2163-I-11B
6 Grid Aperture & Heat Shield A-216J-1-9
7 Cathode A-2163-I-12A
8 Heater A-2163-l-li*
9 Light Shield A-2163-1-26
10 Lena Cup A-2163-1-15
11 Anode Cylinder A-2165-1-18
12 Aperture Plate Ag B-2163-1-5A
13 Apexture Plate A-j A-2263-1-10
Ik #3 & |4 Deflection Plate A-2163-1-17
15 #1 & #e Deflection Plate A-2163-1-16
16 Support Spring A-2163-1-3C
17 Gun (Photo)
18 Piniahad Tnb* (Photo)
19 Light Output TS Cabbede Current A-2163-1-25
20 Light Output vs. Time of Operation A-2163-1-27
IBTBODUOTIOS
There %m a vide field for application of a Bdaiarcure cathode**
ray tube, which will operate at low applied voltages, for aonltoring
and trouble shooting. Such a tube was developed under Contract AP-33
(038)-173^5 for the United States Air Force by Hational Ulaioa Radio
Corp. Two versions of the tube were developed, which are identical
sxoept for the type of fluorescent screen employed. One version, here-
after designated &-2163F1* uses a Wllleadte soreen (P-l), whioh gives a
green traee and has medium persistenee. fhe other, hereafter designated
&-2I63P?, uses a long persistence oasoade phosphor (P-7)«
in the following,, the information applies equally well to the
R-GI63PI or R-2I63P7 unless specifically restricted to one model*
SBSTSOS I Design ©f Tube
Envelops
Th® strrslope is mad® of lead glass t dostslBg 0120s exeept
for the faoe plate, which Is made of * fourerf1 glass. Feure© Is «
soft glass which seals readily to 0120. S*parate face plates am
required to fulfill the face flatness specification of Exhibit MCRBE-776.
Figure 2 shows the envelope in eross-aeetioa with the stam shows sealed inj
the face plate is shews ia Figure 1.
Stem
The stem is a modified small button 9 pta stem. The modi-
fication is the use of a tabulation sealed to the stem at its center.
The tube is evacuated through this tabulation. After processing, the
tip-off is made as elose as possible to the stem, and the glass tip
remaining Is pressed down nearly flush with the outside surface. Figure
5 shows the stem in crosses* rfcion before and after tip-off. This con-
struction yields a tube with no exposed tip-off* %e tube fits in a
standard 9-pin miniature socket.
Electron Sun
The electron gun utilises electrostatic focus and deflection.
The metal parts are made of stainless steel* except for the cathode
sleeve which is laada of nickel. These parts are supported in their
proper positions by two mica supports j the various focusing and de-
flecting plates have tabs whioh extend through holes in the mica and
lire bent over flush with the mica. The tabs are also used to sake
eleotrioal connections to the stscu The gun assembly is shown is
Figure 4 and Figure 17 is a photograph of a complete mount. Figure
5 shore the mica support.
The cathode is flat and is mounted perpendicular to the tube
asisj thia seastruotion helps reduoe the length of the mount. Figure
7 shows the cathode sleeve. A folded tungsten heater (Figure 8) fits
inside the cathode sleeve and heats it. One side of the heater is
connected to the oathode. The oathod* is eoated only on that portion
adjacent to the grid aperture (Figure 6). On the R-2163P7, a light
shield, (Figure 9) is used over the hot end of the heater to reduoe
heater glow visible through the screen under low ambient light conditions,
for the R-2I63PI the use of the light shield is optional.
The beam of electrons starts at the oathode, and passes through
the grid aperture, whose potential with respect to the cathode determines
the beam intensity. The beam then passes through the aperture in the
lens cup (Figure 10) which is spotwelded to the anode cylinder (figure 11)
and, after traversing the anode cylinder emerges from the aperture in
aperture plate Ag (Figure 12), This aperture also limits the diameter
of the beam. The next two plates, aperture plate ij (Figure 13) and
a seoond aperture plate Ap, form a lens which focuses the beam. The
focus is obtained by sdjusting the potential on aperture plate Aj.
The beam next pasees between tsro sets of mutually perpendicular
deflection plates 1 fixst through 0 and #4 deflection plates (Figure lU)»
** C. m
then through #1 and #2 deflection plates (Figure Ig). The beam then
strikes the screen.
The electron gun is supported ia the envelope by four support
springe (Figure 16), which also serve to absorb shook and vibration.
The tube is made more versatile by connecting each deflootion plate to
a separate stem pin* About ten peroent of the cathode current reaches
the screen, the rest having been absorbed by the Halting apertures.
This figure compares favorably with otfeer electrostatic guns.
Screen
The screen weight was adjusted to give laolraum light output
with minimum low»voltage electron burn. Low voltage electron burn
is a decrease in soreen sensitivity which occurs after bombardment with
electrons of less than 1000 eleotron^volts energy. Sometimes there is
a screen darkening as well.
For the R«2l6yI soreen the optimum phosphor weight is 4 mg.
per sq. cm. For the 1-2165?? the optimum screen is 20 mg. per sq« cm.
total weight of which 6Q& is the yellow component and I$0$ the blue
component•
The Complete Tube
Figure 18 is a photograph of the finished tube. The tentative
specifications appear on pp 9-12.
Measurements and Tests
During its development and production, the tube was subjected
- 3 -
to toe tests require ia Exhibit MSREE-772. The tube pass*A toe vibration
test sad * 500 g shook test* The tube meets all the requirements of the
exhibit except the deflection frvotcr sad possibly the life test.
Life Test
Both the £-ei63Pl and R-2163P7 tubes suffer a burning of the
phosphor screen during life test. This is called lew-voltage burn, sad
it is a oharaoterlstie property of cathode-ray tube phosphors. Efforts
were made to eliminate this burning but all failed. What was finally
done was to select toe screen thickness and particle sise which mini-
mised the burn*
The burn phenomena causes toe light output of the E-SI63FI to
drop during life. Figure 20 shows a typical curve of light output vs
time of operation. The life test of 20 R-2I63PI tubes showed that
after 1000 hrs of operation, the tubes would produce 5 ft laaberts brightness
with the standard test raster. However, the initial brightness of the
tubes was about 20 ft lamherts. For the R-216JP? tube the burn occurs
in the blue layer} less light is produced here and thus toe yellow layer
is less strongly excited. The result is toe persistence actually'avail-
able for a given beam current drops during life*
?or the H«G16.5?7. the persistence, estimated e.s directed in
Hot* 1 of the R-2163>P7 Tentative Specification, is still acceptable
after a 1000 hours life test. 15 R-2163P7 tubes were life tested.
For the RrSloJPl, toe light output tutor a 1000 hours life
test is just about 5 ft« lataberts according to measurement? in this
laboratory. But toe absolute value of brightness values obtained h^
e, given msthod and setup is subject to considerable error. This means
that other laboratories might fail to check these results and the tubes
would fail the life test.
Another point which should be mentioned is the fact that, with
both tubes, when the screen burns, its ssoondary emission ratio drops,
and,, if ths ratio falls below one, the screen will soon charge to oathode is
potential and there will be no trace. This*particularly important for
the lower operating voltages*
For these reasons, it is felt that a sore realistic liifc test
period would be 500 hours or less.
A word should be said about the P-7 screen operated at these
voltages. The P-7 phosphor was developed for operation at several
thousand -volts, and has been rated at voltages no lower than 1500 volts«
At the test voltage for the R-2163P7, 600 -volts, persistence is shorter
than that for hi^ier voltages, but may still be long enough for some
applications.
At an accelerating voltage of *}00 volts, the light output falls,
and the foous is poorer, while the defleotion faotor is improved.
Light Output
Light output was measured with a fleston photronlo cell with
Visoor filter, the output of which is smpllfied by a d-o amplifier.
the set-up was calibrated against a Macbeth illuudaosaeter using several
calibrated color filters. A curve of light outfnit vs. oathode our rent
is shown in Figure ly.
SBCTIOI II produotion of the Tube
Envelope
The oyliodrieal wall cf the envelope is wide from 0120 glass
tubing. The proper lengtha are out) then the faoe plates are sealed on,
and the finished envelopes are annealed*
Soreen
The screens for the R-2I63PI and R-ei63P7 were applied by the
settling process* Bonsai procedure was followed except for the decant lag
and drying steps. The process followed here west
1. Clamp enrolop* at an angle.
2. Siphon off the settling liquid
3. Allow envelope to re—In in this position for
10 minutes.
U. Remove envelope from damped position.
5. Place envelope on table, faoe down.
6. Cover open end of envelope with aluminum foil.
7* Allow envelope to remain in this position for
approximately two hours or until soreen is dry.
8. Pump envelope for one minute and check with sparking
coil.
C
An alternative method of screen application was developed for the
H-2163PI. This 00 Mia ted of spraying the faoe plates with phosphor before
they were sealed to the wall cylinders. This method might have some advan-
tages for larger produotion.
After the screen is applied, the cylinder wells are coated with
aquadag by brush, 'he coated envelope is baked at U5&vCj flushing with a
"*+-l-
c a stream of nitrogen while baking is desirable bat not necessary.
Stem
?he stens are made froa standard snail button 9 pin stems. The
tabulations are sealed on, the stems are annealed and, after cleaning the
leads, are ready for mounting.
Slootron Qua
The metal parts are assembled in the mice supports and the tabs
are bent orer* In this piooess oare must be taken to avoid damaging the
coated aurfaoe of the oathode. The structure is then mounted on the stem,
the eleetrodes eonneoted to the proper pins, and the heater installed.
Then the getters are attached, the support springs installed, and the
mount cheeked*
Processing
The mounts are sealed in and the area heated by the sealing is
Hmas annealed The tubes are checked for electrical shorts and glass
eraoke and then sealed on the pump. They are baked for 20 minutes at
370*C. The parts are out-gassed by r.f. bombardment and the oathode
is activated in the usual way. The tubes are then tipped off as oloaely
as possible to the stem and the little tip left is flattened out while
it is still hot. The area around the stea la annealed for 20 minutes at
UjO'C in a little oven which leaves the rest of the tube at room tem-
perature. This keeps the amount of gas liberated during annealing to a
minimum. When the tube is cool, the getters are flashed and it is ready
for test*
Q Aging and Testing
The oathode is aged first to stabilise the electron emission.
- 7 -
iT:1 >->,_-
o Then the tab* la tested for electron eaisalon, grid out-off voltage,
ruter centering, and raster fooua and appearance.
Conclusion*
A miniature oathode-ray tub* baa bean dare loped which opera tea
at low voltages, has good light output, resists shook and vibration,
and haa no exposed exhaust tip. The versatility and snail aise of the
tube should neks it widely applicable for monitoring, trouble-ehooting
and many other uees.
Orange, I. J. P. Bolborn
10 April 1953 c* Bartholomew
©
- 8 -
. ».itlt k a: •—3mmm •T-\ I "
- s* •-*••«
c Contract AF-33(03tt)l7'3U5 NATIONAL UNION RADIO CORPORATION
TismrATivs gP^mCHIUB TO KSTATURK
ggggwggg gg :— R-8163P1
Deeoriptionr Medium Persistence Miniature Cathode-Ray Tube
Rating* t Ef V
Max. 6.3+1Q* Min. 6.3-10/4
Vdo
.50
~d Vdc
i|00
Vdo E* Vdo
Rg Zd
Meg
Rd Soac.Freq.
Cpe
300 600 2 2 2
Teat Con- ditione t 6.3 edj Pooue 600 60x2x00-6300
Height 1 Max. 3.125 in«? Diameter Max. 0.875 *»•
Base: Modified Small Button 9 pin
Pin No. Element
1 2 3 Gl Dl D3
k 5 6 H EK Dg
7 8 Al
9
Cathode - Coated Unipctential.
Ref. Teet Conditions Min. Bogie Maxr
0 F 8b(l) * Heater Current Ef-6.3 V 195 215 235 B»
F 8b(2) * Anode 1 Currant Light 5 ft.L -10 0 •10 ua
F 8b(2) • Cathode Current Light 5 ft.L 1000 ua
F 8b(k) Voltage Breakdown
F 8o(l) • Oas Light 5 ft.L
F tid(l) * Baae Alignment 1D2 between Pins 2 * 3
F 8f(2) Fluorescent Color PI
r 8f(3) ** Persistence Pi
f 8f(5) Modulation Light 5 ft.L Bel I4OV
F 8f(U) • Light Output Raster l/£? X 1/* 5 ft.L
F 8g(1) • Line Width "A" Width .25 n
0 F 8J Grid out-off Voltafe2 Uo V
F 8k( 1) * Focus Voltage Efce^oov 100 200
. 9 -
'-;_ '' - * _* - >'•'• • -• •••••'
^jjj
•"-
B»f Tait Coaditiona Mia, Bogle Max.
o f em * Dafl. Paotcr IDS B^-600 7 250 280 330
r dm
r 6p(i)
* Dafl. Factor JDU
•* Capaoitanoaa
gj to all
K to all Dj to Dg
B^-600 V 23O 280 330
J+uuf
2 uuf 1 uuf
D} to DK Dj to all D, to all D} to all axoapt Dg to all azoapt Dz to all azoapt Di to all axoapt
Dl
D3
1 uuf 3 uuf 3 uuf 2 uuf 2 uuf 2 uuf 2 uuf
FM2) Life Teat Iota 1 T • 1000 hra
P lib Life Taat Bod Point Line width A Line width B Modulation
0.50 « 0.75 •
50 V
Boto 1 - To be run with Light Output at 5 ft. laaberte,
O
- 10 -
CMafcat A?-33(038)-173U5 NATIONAL TOOK RADIO CORP. TSWTAWE iiflclHdAfidffs Fog Mil —msmsm rm ITTDRF
Rc£l&5?7
Dosoriptiem Long persistence Miniature Cathode-Ray Tuba
Retings» V
Max. 6*3+10# Kin. 6.5-10$
Eel Vdo
-50
F'd Vdo
*bl Vdo Vda
ijoo 300 600
Meg
2
6.3 idj Test COB- ditto ns *
Height*
Bass:
Pin Ho. Element
Cathode * Coated Unipotenfcial•
Foous 600
Max. 5.125 in.; Diameter Max. 0.873 i&*
Modified Small Button 9 pin
k R
5 HK
7 *2
Zd
Meg
2
8 A,
Kd Meg
2
9
Soan.Preij. ops
6C x 2100«6300
Ref. Test Conditions Mln. Bogie Max.
F 8b(l) Heater Current Bf- 6.3 V 195 215 235 ma
P 8b(2) Anode 1 Current Ik • 500 ua .10 0 •>10 ua
P 8b(2) Cathode Current 1000 ua
P 8b(l+) Voltage Breakdown
P6o(l) Oas Ik - 500 ua
P 8d(l) Base Alignment Id2 between Pins 2 As 3
F 8f(3) persistence See Note 1 P-7
P 8g(l) Line Width MAK Width •23 mm
f 8J Grid out-off Voltage Uo V
P 8k(l) Focus Voltage Bb2»600 V 100 150 200
F 8m Defl. Factor Id2 Eb2- 600 V 230 280 330
F 8m Defl. Factor JDU Bb2D 60° v 230 280 330
-11.
)ff. Teat Conditions Min. Bogie Max.
P6p(l) Capacitances ~- '• - gl to all k uuf - X to all
D, to D« D~ to Df D? to all
2 uuf 1 uuf 1 uuf 3 uuf
Dx to all Dj to all
3 uuf except D2 2 uuf
D- to all except tf 2 uuf f£ to all exoept DK 2 uuf D^ to all sxoept D3 2 uuf
Fl|a(2) iif* Teat See Kote 2 T-100O hrs.
F lib Life Tost End Point Line width A O.'JO a Line width B 0.75" Modulation 507
Hot© 1* ?ha peraiatsaoe shall be estimated as follow st with a raster of 1/2" X 1/2% £5 to 105 lines, Iw " 800 ua, exeite the
113 sereen for 30 sec, then out off the beam suddenly* the persistent traoe must be visible after 5 oeo*
In a dark room.
Note 2. To be run with l/2 X 1/2" raster of 60 frames per second, 35 to 105 lines, IK • 250 ua.
el - 12
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