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Disaster Management Support Services
P.V.N. Rao Remote Sensing Applications Area
National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRODept. of Space, Balanagar, Hyderabad - 500 037
National Conference on Flood Early Warning for Disaster Risk Reduction, 30-31 May 2019, Hyderabad
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India and the Natural Disasters
Drought
Cyclones
Floods
Cyclones
Earthquakes,Landslides
Drought
Earthquake
EarthquakesLandslides
Tsunami
Tsunami
Average Annual Loss• Direct: Loss of life: 4350 ; Crop area affected: 1.42 Mha; Houses damaged: 2.36 M; Direct
loss: 2 % of the GDP (Rs. 25000 Cr)• Indirect: Expenses on emergency response and relief ; diversion of developmental fund;
Indirect socio-psychological losses that can not be quantified
Disaster Risk in the country• 12% of land area (40 mha) - Flood prone• 8% of land area (along 5,500 km long
coast tract) - Cyclone prone• Over 65% of land under cultivation -
Drought prone• Around 25% land area - Earthquake
prone ( Seismic zone IV-V); Himalayan and Western Ghats region - Landslide prone
• Andaman Nicobar Islands, parts of East Coast, and Gujarat coast – Tsunami
ISRO-Disaster Management Support Programme (DMSP)
Major components of • Earth observation (EO)
satellites for thematic inputs
• Weather inputs from meteorological satellites
• Communication support through communication satellites
• A single window EO information through the Decision Support Centre (DSC) at NRSC
Conceived and implemented during the 10th Five Year Plan
• GIS based National Database for Emergency Management (NDEM) at NRSC• ISRO Bhuvan Geoportal at NRSC enables data visualisation, access & support• Disaster management support also through international charter, Sentinel Asia, UN-SPIDER
and UNESCAP, • Aerial support for high resolution terrain data and • R&D for early warning using space inputs
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Space inputs through DSC for Disaster Management
NRSC is the single delivery point forsatellite derived disaster inputsthat include
• Near real time monitoring offloods, cyclones, forest fires,landslides, earthquakes etc.
• Generation of vulnerability andhazard zonation maps
• Develop disaster early warningmethods
• Provide information for planningdisaster mitigation measures
•MHA, MoWR, MoES, MoEF&CC,State & Central Govt department
Fire
Cyc
lone
Floods in Bihar, Aug 2016
Active forest fire monitoring - 2017
Kotropi Landslide, HP- Aug 2017
Land
slid
e
Flood
Floods in Bihar - Aug 2017
02-Mar-2017 17-Aug-2017
Cyclone Vardah, Dec 2016
Aug., 2017
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Space Technology Inputs for Flood Early Warning
Data Type/Category
Satellite Data derived Parameter
Inputs for Flood Early Warning
Meteorologicaldata(Now-cast)
• Precipitation • Rainfall quantity and spatial distribution
• Surface Temperature
• Energy balance parameters, Evapotranspiration
Meteorologicaldata(Forecast)
• LULC • Input for Weather Forecast Models Mesoscale Model compatible LULC was generated by NRSC over Indian Region
• Atmospheric & Cloud Parameters
• Input for Weather Forecast Models
Terrain/Surface Characteristics
• Land Use / Land Cover
• Hydrological response as a function of in-situ land use/land cover
• Partitioning of Precipitation • Impact of changes in LULC • Surface roughness
Hydraulic parameters
• Digital Elevation Model
• Terrain slope, aspect• River channel profile• Surface/River channel flow parameterization• Spatial flood inundation simulations
Space Technology Inputs for Flood Early Warning
Data Type/ Category
Satellite Data derived Parameter
Inputs for Flood Early Warning
Soil Conditions • Surface Soil Moisture
• Antecedent soil moisture conditions• Varying catchment rainfall-runoff response• Soil moisture accounting models
River/Reservoir Water Level
• Altimeter Observations
• River water level• River discharge• Reservoir water level & Storage
Catchment/ Flood Plain Conditions
• Inundated area • Flood inundation maps• Flood frequency/hazard
• Surface water • Surface water spread• Surface water storage
• Glacial Lakes/Waterbodies
• Formation of new lakes/water bodies• Expansion of lakes/water bodies• GLOF risk
• Flood plain Structures(Embankments, Dykes, Bridges, Culverts, Weirs, …)
• Flood wave propagation• Inundation Simulation• Flood control
Near real time flood monitoring & inundation mapping nrscnrsc
During last 5 years more than 650 disaster maps covering nearly 16 states were disseminated
Flood Hazard Zonation Map of Odisha nrsc
Cyclone FANI and its impact
As seen by Sentinel-1 C-band SAROn 3 May 2019
Pre & Post with Inundation Damage caused to infrastructure due to
Cyclonic wind
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Near real-time forest fire alert system
• A joint initiative of ISRO and FSI andOperational from 2006
• 6 Observations of active forest firesdaily at 0130, 1030, 1230, 1330,1430 and 2230 hrs using MODIS andVIIRS
• Bhuvan Geo-portal provides onlineservices – Near real-time basis,MODIS alerts are sent within 30mins of satellite observation
Active forest fire alerts - 2017
• 55 % of Forest area in India are prone to Forestfires
- 10 % affected by Frequent fires
- 45 % affected by Occasional fires
• Strong seasonal and diurnal pattern of fires FireSeason – February to June
• Fires are mostly ground fires and tree mortality is low
• Loss of life or damage to property is fortunatelylimited and rarely occurs
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Seasonal Landslide Inventory Mapping (SLIM) Mobile technology for field data capture
A B29 Nov 2014 (Pre) 16 Jul 2017 (Post)
Cyclone Mora (June-July, 2017) induced landslides in Mizoram ~10,000
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Landslides in Kerala (August, 2018)
1. A total of 4700 landslides mapped in 8 districts of Kerala.2. Previously 18,000 landslides are mapped in 17 Indian states 3. Landslide early warning is active in parts of UP, Uttarakhand
and NER.
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Regional landslide early warning(LEWS - An experimental system in Bhuvan)
Landslide Susceptibility Map Daily warning for advance 3 days
02 September 2017
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Ochki Cyclone -Inputs for missing boats
Monitored Ochkicyclone during 01-12Dec, 2017 and inputswere provided to theAir force in missing boatsearch operations.
Flood Hazard Assessment of the Lake Near Gomukh on Bhagirathi River due to landslide
• Lake area was monitoredusing temporal data.
• Estimated approximatecapacity of the lake andflood discharge usingempirical methods to assessthe flood threat
• Inputs provided to UK State
Satellite based monitoringof fire on-board oil tankerMT GENESSA near KandlaPort
• DSC continuouslymonitored the situationusing multi-resolution,spectral & temporalremote sensing data fromIndian and foreignsatellites.
Agriculture Crop Residue Status Monitoring - Resourcesat-2 AWiFS Data – SWIR NIR RedAgriculture Crop Residue Status Monitoring - Resourcesat-2 AWiFS Data – SWIR NIR RedParts of Kapurthala District, Punjab
Burnt AreaLeft over stubble
Obj
ectiv
esA GIS based National Repository for entire country with a set of DecisionSupport System tools to assist in disaster management.
National Database for Emergency Management (NDEM)
Multi-scale geospatial database at •1:50,000 scale for the entire country •1: 10,000 scale for 350 multi-hazard prone districts•1:2,000 scale for Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru,
Hyderabad
DSS tools for disaster/emergency management
Information dissemination
NDEM Version 3.0 is released by Hon’ble Union Home Minister on 15 May 2017
NDEM services are extended to 718 districts across 36 States/ UTs, NDRF, SDRF and Central Departments
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Salient Features of NDEM Version 3.0 NDEM V 3.0 is equipped with comprehensive multi-scale database,decision tools and Mobile Apps.
“”
Data VisualizationMulti-Scale Geospatial Data
Services, Satellite Imagery.
Mobile ApplicationsApps for Relief Management,
Attribute Collection & Geo-tagging of emergency facility.
Resource Management, Resource allocation,
Organisation and tracking of essential commodities
Disaster Dashboard Alerts & Warning, Disaster
related Current News.
Incident Reporting Disaster event reporting through Mobile Apps, SMS, Portal.
Decision Support ToolsCustomized GUI based tools for decision making
Interaction ServicesCommunication & data exchange among users.
RFRainfall ForecastRainfall Forecast & alerts for heavy & extreme rainfall.
Data Inventory Geo-spatial data statistics, charts
Damage Statistics Submission of damage statistics
by States to MHA DS
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NDEM Stakeholders
1 Monitoring Departments MHA,NDMA,PMO,NIDM,IDS
2 Forecasting Departments IMD, CWC, INCOIS, SASE
3 Relief & Rescue Forces NDRF, SDRF
4 State Disaster Departments All 36 State/UTs DM Dept. officials
5 District Disaster Departments 718 Districts from all 36 state & UTs
MHA – Ministry of Home AffaireNDMA – National Disaster Management AuthorityPMO – Prime Minister OfficeNIDM – National Institute of Disaster ManagementIDS – Indian Defence Services
IMD – Indian Meterolocal DepartmentCWC – Central Water CommissionINCOIS - Indian National Centre for Ocean Information ServicesSASE - Snow & Avalanche Study EsttNDRF – National Disaster Response Force
NDEM V 3.0 is with comprehensive multi-scale database, decisiontools and Mobile Apps.
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NDEM Information Dissemination
DMS- VPN network
Bhuvan web portal Bhuvan web portal (bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in) NDEM web portal (ndmcc.gov.in)
NRSC website (www.nrsc.gov.in) E-mail
FTP process
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NRSC/ISRO in Sentinel Asia
• Total disaster events - 58
• Disaster emergency requests responded - 18
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Thank You
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In Conclusion
• Continuous efforts to improve DM services through space inputs
• NRSC has
• Huge repository of long term RS & Thematic data
• Will to participate in application development across themes
• We welcome collaboration on mutually interesting areas of R&D