Nozzles and Pumps

NOZZLE TYPE

• Flat fan• Hollow cone• Flood jet

FLAT FAN NOZZLE

FLAT FAN NOZZLE

HOLLOW CONE NOZZLE

FLOOD JET NOZZLE

FLOOD JET NOZZLE

NOZZLE MATERIAL

• Very good chemical and wear resistance– Ceramic, stainless steel

NOZZLE MATERIAL

• Susceptible to damage– Polymer (plastic)

NOZZLE MATERIAL

• Susceptible to wear and corrosion– Brass

NOZZLE PERFORMANCE

NOZZLE HEIGHT is determined by• Nozzle spacing• Nozzle spray angle

NOZZLE PERFORMANCE

OPERATING PRESSURE• PSI – pounds per square inch• Generally between 30 – 40 psi• Lower the psi the lower potential of

drift

DROPLET SIZE

PRESSURE• Higher pressures create smaller

droplets

NOZZLE PERFORMANCE

OVERLAP• 30% to 100%• Uniformity tapers at the edges of

spray

NOZZLE PERFORMANCE

FLOW RATE• To double (2x) the flow rate,

pressure must be quadrupled (4x)• higher pressure will • -Decrease droplet size• -Increase drift

NOZZLE PERFORMANCE

SPRAY ANGLE• pressure will affect spray angle• 8002 flat fan

– 80 degree @ 40 psi– 65 degree @ 15 psi

NOZZLE PERFORMANCE

TIP WEAR• compare the flow to a new tip• replace when > 10% flow of new

one• clean nozzles with soft bristled

brush

Worn nozzles New nozzles

CAUSES OF DRIFT

WIND VELOCITY• Early morning and early evening

best times to spray• Use lower psi under windy

conditions

CAUSES OF DRIFT

DROPLET SIZE• Smaller nozzle size and greater PSI

create smaller drops

CAUSES OF DRIFT

SPRAY TIP HEIGHT• Greater the distance between

nozzle and target• Greater wind velocity effect on

drifting

CAUSES OF DRIFT

OPERATING SPEED• increased speeds cause upward

wind currents increasing drift• Max speeds are 10 to 12 mph

PUMPS

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT• piston• roller• diaphragm

PUMPS

NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT• centrifugal

PUMPS

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT • captures and discharges a fixed

volume per stroke via roller, piston, or diaphragm

• flow from the pump is proportional to the pump speed

• must have a relief valve when nozzles turned off

PUMPS

NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT • rotating impeller creates

centrifugal force that discharges liquid through outlet

• when nozzles closed, no relief valve needed, impeller spins harmlessly