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Indian LED industry set to touch Rs 21,600 crore by 2020

The market size of Indian LED industry may touch Rs 21,600 crore by 2020 on the back of government's decision to switch to LED for all street lamps and public space lighting, an industry official said. The Indian LED industry was pegged at Rs 1,925 crore out of the lighting industry's aggregate turnover of Rs 13,000 crore in 2013.

As projected, the turnover of Indian lighting industry by 2020 will be Rs 35,000 crore and LED will account Rs 21,600 crore, which is significantly over 60 per cent of this total turnover, Surya Roshni Managing Director Raju Bista told. Bista pointed out that in the wake of continual Narendra Modi-led government's support for the promotion of LED lighting, this market is expected to grow substantially. The government has decided to switch to LED for all street lamps and public space lighting. Moreover, the 'Make in India' initiative launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi will provide a boost to the LED industry, he said and added that Surya has already commenced in-house production of indoor and outdoor LED products at its plants.

These include LED bulbs, down-lighters of various shapes and sizes as well as street lights.The company's prime focus is to educate and promote only sustainable energy efficiency and drive the LED segment forward. India’s LED lighting market is currently at a nascent stage. Though the LED market is already growing at a robust pace over the last 2-3 years, the country offers huge growth potential, especially over the next 5-10 years. Increasing adoption of LED lighting is being witnessed across commercial and residential sectors, government projects, upcoming smart building projects, etc. Key factors that are expected to boost the market include declining LED prices coupled with favorable government initiatives to provide LED lights at subsidized cost and LED installation projects for streetlights. In addition, growing awareness among consumers on account of awareness programs by manufacturers and regulatory bodies is expected to play a vital role in shaping the country’s LED market over the next five years.

The fifth edition of the Professional Lighting Design Convention, PLDC 2015, endorsed the

importance of the biennial conven-tion for the international lightingdesign community. The list ofpartners and supporters has grownthis year, and the organisersregistered substantially moreattendees.

Associations, universities, media

partners and public clients regardPLDC as the platform for thedevelopment of new trends andpolitical discussions. The interdisci-plinary structure of PLDC promotesfuture-oriented discussion on theimportance of light and the lightingdesign profession. In Rome lightingdesigners, architects, clients,researchers, educators and thelighting industry were present andopen to discuss the quality of light

in architecture, and to discover anddevelop trends.

PLDC 2015 took place under thepatronage of the Roman Chapter ofArchitects, Urban Planners,Landscape Architects and Curators.The main theme this year was Lightand Culture. The organisers choseItaly as a location because historicalroots and modern lighting technol-ogy make for an especially exciting

contrast, and this is especiallyevident in Italy. Museum and gallerylighting, and the illumination ofhistoric sites such as the Colosseumcan benefit from modern technolo-gies, bridging the gap between thepast and the future of urban life in atourist city.

Besides paper presentations in fourparallel tracks, the comprehensivesupporting programme was also

PROFESSIONAL LIGHTING DESIGN CONVENTION, PLDC 2015 | 16. NOVEMBER, 2015

PLDC 2015 in Rome – a reflection of thelighting design market todayPhotography : Michael Loos

4 | November-December 2015 | Light Express

designed to stimulate discussionand debate. Six Experience Rooms,a lighting design competitionfocussing on the EUR district inRome, excursions to projects in theCity of Rome, and a series of pre-convention meetings all contributedto expanding PLDC’s reputation as aquality global lighting designconvention. The event was ablysupported by 65 leading compa-nies, who demonstrated the currentpotential of the lighting industry.Joachim Ritter, Chair of the PLDCSteering Committee, was extremelypleased with the overall response tothe convention: “We are delightedthat our ideas and efforts have metwith such a positive response, andthat the modern format we havedeveloped for PLDC has gained somuch recognition worldwide. Themarket is very dynamic right nowand lighting design is gaining moreattention in this International Year ofLight”.

This year, PLDC was also an

international meeting point forprofessional issues concerning therecognition of the profession. Anew initiative currently underway isfocussed on gaining officialrecognition of Lighting Design as aprofession at EU level by introducinga licensing procedure. Thenecessary documents have beencompiled in the past few months.This marks a significant step in theprocess to gain recognition for theprofession. On the occasion ofPLDC 2007 in London, a Declarationwas made and approved by thoseattending that indicated this intent.The new initiative, which is beingdriven by a group of dedicatedlighting designers and educators,was presented at PLDC 2015.

This process is also being expresslysupported by the official represen-tative body of the European lightingindustry, Lighting Europe. This moveis accompanied by the setting up ofcoordinated continuing educationprogrammes and the installation of a

non-profit organisation to handle theissuing of licences on the Europeanmarket. This would be an all-time firstinternationally, and would act as acase of precedence for othermarkets.

The motto of this year’s PLDC wastherefore spot-on: “An educateddecision” is a clear pointer to thefact that modern lighting design isbased on the evidence revealed byscientific studies and is therefore adiscipline that can be studied andlearnt. In future, Bachelor and Masterdegrees in Lighting Design need tobe more acknowledged as markingthe graduate’s start in professionallife. Education and continuingeducation are, and remain, the basisfor all developments in the field oflighting design as a discipline.

The Chamber of Architects in Italyhas also recognised the significanceof lighting and, like CIBSE, isawarding CPD credits for attendingPLDC, thus also recognising the

quality of PLDC as an educationalevent.

Public clients likewise see enormousvalue in the event and use PLDC toexchange news and views withrepresentatives from other townsand cities as well as with specialistdesigners. The next wave ofdevelopment is just around thecorner. Digital connectivity is goingto be changing the lighting designworld dramatically, public life beingthe area most affected. The impactof this and the opportunities it offersare hard to define right now, whichis why they are the subject ofdebate.

This year was the first time that adesign competition was staged onthe occasion of PLDC. The interna-tional competition, which focussedon the historic EUR district in Rome,was organised as an interdisciplinaryproject and required that anarchitect work together with alighting designer to develop the

Light Express | November-December 2015 | 5

concept. The National Council ofItalian Architects, Planners, Land-scapers and Curators (CNAPPC),together with AIDI, APIL and theuniversities La Sapienza and RomeTre, and supported by the CapitalCity of Rome, staged this lightingdesign competition. The resultswere exhibited at PLDC in a speciallydedicated Experience Room.

The Challenge: the final, and thekick-off for 2016/2017

PLDC also hosted Round IV – thefinal – of the young designers’speaker competition, The Challenge.Of the 50 candidates who submit-ted topics for papers in Round I, sixyoung talents competed for firstprize on 31. October in the final.Over the past 18 months, and fourrounds, the young designersdeveloped their respective topics,coached by professional lightingdesigners to optimise the content oftheir papers and refine theirpresentation techniques. Within theframework of the final, the speakerswere judged on the quality of thecontent of their papers and theprofessional quality of the presenta-tion itself. The winner was selectedby an independent jury andannounced at the Gala Dinner. PLDC2015 also marked the kick-off to thenext edition of The Challenge, whichwill take place over the coming twoyears.

The Gala Dinner, including the PLDRecognition Awards, which was theclimax to PLDC 2015, was held in theCinecittà film studios in Rome, whereparts of the latest Bond movie werefilmed. The closing event, withalmost 800 guests attending, wassold out months before it tookplace. The main highlight of theevening was the Awards ceremony:lighting designers and other keypartners in the community wererecognised in seven differentcategories for their outstandingcontributions to the advancement ofArchitectural Lighting Design in thelast two years.

This year the Awards ceremonyincluded the announcement of the

winner of the Young Designers’Speaker Competition. The prizemoney to the amount of 1000 eurosfor the best presentation in the finalround of The Challenge wasawarded to Pernille Krieger and EikLykke Nielsen from the University ofAarhus/DK who gave a paper on“Lighting design to help elderlycitizens live independently”. Pernilleand Eik were coached by BrendanKeely/UK.

In the category Best Newcomer theaward went to Kerem Ali Asfuroglu /TY/UK from Speirs + Major for hisinnovative educational approachand his artistic graphics.The Award for Best IndustryInnovation went to Arduino, anopen-source computer hardwareand software company that designsand manufactures microcontroller-based kits for building digitaldevices and interactive objects.

Dorit Malin from Israel received theAward for Education for her tirelesswork in the field of education.The Award for Research went to Dr.Karolina Zielinska-Dabkowska/PL/CHfor her work on the effects of lighton nature.

Artist Raphael Hefti/CH waspresented with the Award for theBest Daylighting Project for theinstallation he designed for the roofof the gift shop at the Van GoghMuseum in Arles/F.

The artistic lighting design for theEnergy Tower Facade of theincinerating plant in Roskilde/DK byGunver Hansen from Copenhagen/DK was recognised with the Awardfor Best New Project.

The Award at Large was presentedto Daan Roosegaarde for thetemporary installation “Waterlicht”/NL.

The guests were particularlyintrigued to see who would receivethe Lifetime Award, which inprevious years had been presentedto Prof. Dr. Heinrich Kramer, WilliamLam, Dr. Jonathan Speirs andChristopher Cuttle. This year the juryhonoured Motoko Ishii for her life’s

work. The work of the Japaneselighting designer, who has beenworking in the field for 50 years, is asource of inspiration for manydesigners around the world. As thefirst female lighting designer back inthe eighties, she was able toestablish her reputation in Japan andinternationally through her consistentartistic philosophy.

On the occasion of the gala eveningthat concluded the PLDC eventJoachim Ritter announced thelocation and the motto for PLDC2017. The motto of the 6th PLDC willbe “Shift happens!” – pointing to thedramatic changes on the lightingdesign landscape, the impact ofdigital technologies and theprocesses the design communitywill have to undergo to adjust tochanging conditions. Substantialchanges are anticipated in the publicrealm with regard to structuralreorganisation.

Lighting programmes in towns andcities in future will be addressingissues such as atmosphere andenergy savings to the same extent.

The City of Paris will be the locationof the next PLDC event. The Frenchcapital looks forward to playing asignificant role in support of PLDC2017, and the PLDC organisers willbe cooperating with key persons inParis to take the event to a new level.

Paris was one of the first cities tostart using street lights during theGreat Exhibition of 1889, and waspromptly referred to as the City ofLight. The city fathers now have the

chance to regain the title in themodern sense as the “City of Light4.0”. By the year 2020, Paris isplanning to change its public lightingsystem radically.

In future, more emphasis will beplaced on the needs of pedestriansand cyclists.

In 2017, PLDC will therefore againserve as a driver of state-of-the-artlighting design, a platform to enabletrends to be discussed anddeveloped – taking the next step tostrengthen the interdisciplinarycharacter of the educational event.

www.pld-c.com

Facts and figures

Attendees: 1732 from 63 differentcountriesPartner Associations: 25Partner Universities and Institutes: 38Partner Cities: 13Media Partners: 23Partner events: 10Sponsors and exhibitors: 65

VIA-Verlag Joachim Ritter e.K.Marienfelder Str. 1833330 GüterslohGermanyTel. +49 - 5241 - 307 26 - 12Fax. +49 - 5241 - 307 26 - 40

www.via-verlag.com

www.pld-c.comFor futher information, pleasecontact: Jessika Singendonk

E-mail:[email protected]



APANET, a leading provider ofsmart outdoor lightingsolutions that saves energy

and improves streetlight mainte-nance proceses, was recentlyinvolved in a project to install 800light poles for the A1 highway inPoland. The project claimed to bebased on the standardizedLonWorks® power line communica-tion technology which communi-cates with and remotely controls,commands and monitors each lightpole, however after reviewing theprogram in greater detail theselected supplier of the system didnot supply devices that werecertified by the Lonmark Organiza-tion, in fact all the characterics wereof a proprietary system. Furthermoreit had a proprietary repeatingcommunication algorithm as well asproprietary gateways/concentratorswith GPRS modems without anyinformation about the protocolinvolved. The customer tried veryhard to get that solution to work butdidn’t succeed because communi-cation and control were not workingnor documented properly. Despiteinvolving other suppliers andtechnical universities, no solutionwas found. After months of losttime, the customer finally launched arequest to replace the initiallyselected “not so open” solutionwith a truly open and interoperablesystem including LonMark certifieddevices and at least two differenttype of controllers from differentsuppliers to prove openness.APANET won the business and is

now replacing the proprietary lightpoint controllers with the GLC1xxand Echelon Outdoor LightingControllers. These two types of lightcontrollers are designed, manufac-tured and commercialized by twocompeting companies. Thanks toLonWorks, both controllers areinteroperable and can be designedinto the same outdoor lightingnetwork. The GLC1xx light controllerallows control, command andmonitoring of any luminaire (LED orconventional HPS): on, off, steplessdimming, as well as reading activepower, current, voltage, powerfactor and cumulated energyconsumption (kWh). APANET’sopen and interoperable solution,allows the customer to reduceenergy consumption by adjustinglight levels based on activity andtime. They can also save onmaintenance costs with theautomatic failure identificationfeature.

All the light controllers will beinstalled by the end of December2015. APANET will then provide thecustomer with the Central Manage-ment System from Streetlight.Visionto manage each light point and todo the photometric tests.

ConclusionAn interoperable solution creates adurable competitive environmentwhereby any part of the system canbe sourced from a different supplier.This prevents vendor lock-in, sinceno single component will force

Smart Streetlights – Why Choose “Open”?IN A WORLD WHERE EVERYTHING SEEMS TO BE SMART, OPEN AND CONNECTED, WE STILL DISCUSS THE VALUE OFCHOOSING AN OPEN AND INTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS VERSUS A PROPRIETARY ONE.


owners into a proprietary, single-vendor solution, with a risky singlesource strategy for replacementparts and a single source formaintenance and support. With awell-structured standards-basedsystem, all of the proprietary hooksare removed, leaving the customerwith a wide variety of options.

In the outdoor lighting controlindustry, it is estimated that there areabout 50 different proprietarycontrol systems. Selecting any ofthem is very expensive and riskygiven all of the elements and thecomplexity required to create acomplete well-performing outdoorlighting control system. Fortunately,

there are about 20 companies, like APANET and Streetlight.Vision, thatprovide open and interoperable solutions. By using standards-basedsystems every manufacturer benefits from multiple sources of supply for theircomponents, standardized tools and common software.

For more information about LonMark and the LonMark Outdoor LightingCommittee: http://lonmark.org/connection/solutions/lighting/outdoor/street/


If the Atom is the basic buildingblock of all matter, it can beargued that the sheer versatility of

GLP’s new impression X4 Atom —which will occupy a unique positionin the marketplace — will provide afundamental tool for all lightingdisciplines. And since it is IP65 ratedit can also be used in all applica-tions, whether indoors or out, allyear round.

Size matters, and the power of theAtom comes from a body thatmeasures less than 16cm long andweighs just 1.3kg. Within that bodyis a high powered 15 Watt RGBWLED source that emits a bright beamwith even colour distribution acrossa full spectrum. Making the Atomunique in its class is a motorisedzoom inside that gives a mighty 9:1ratio, running from 3.5°-34°, andadding a huge amount of flexibility.

Increasing its usability in multipleapplications and further extendingits uniqueness is the IP65 rating thatthe unit carries, allowing it to beused all year round outdoors or in.

Furthermore, the X4 Atom features aclever interlock mechanism thatallows units to be built into differentconfigurations quickly and easily. It istherefore set to benefit multipleapplications from TV and film, tocorporate events, set lighting andspecial events. Also benefitting willbe concert touring stages, trusssystems and architectural elements,as the interlock system quickly turnssingle fixtures into 4-Lites, 8-Lites orany other shape.

“You can quickly create all kinds ofconfigurations — in seconds andwithout tools,” says GLP Incpresident, Mark Ravenhill. “If youwant to mimic molefays, you can, ifyou want to create groundrows,

you can, if you want to make a little2-Lite or a stadium style light fitting,then you can — and you still havefull control over each headindividually.”

Control for the Atom heads is via anAtom PSU controller — commenc-ing with a 12-way, but with a 6-wayand other models to follow. The PSUsupplies power and data down asingle 4 pin XLR cable to each Atomhead. “Since it uses the same formatas industry standard colour scrollercable, all the rental houses whohave stopped using colourchangers can now repurpose all thatexisting cable and infrastructure —meaning less investment for themand reduction of overall environ-mental impact of the Atom,” saysRavenhill.

Rounding out the feature set, theimpression X4 Atom contains theadvanced features that GLPcustomers have come to expect,including adjustable flicker freecontrol, beautiful colour mixing,smooth dimming without any colourshift, variable speed strobe, — andmuch more.

Shipping of the GLP impression X4Atom has now begun.

GLP IMPRESSION X4FAMILY WELCOMESTHE MIGHTY ATOM


Austrian audiovisualengineering and manufacturing company, AV

Stumpfl is reaffirming its commitmentto its partners and their projects withthe significant investment intoservice and project support teamsat the company’s new Campuslocated at its global headquarters inWallern, Austria.

AV Stumpfl is already well known forits premium level of service andsupport for its partners and inaddition, AV Stumpfl is offering thefollowing support packages toclients:

Data managementCustomers can back up a wholeproject safely and securely stored atAV Stumpfl. Prompt retrieval meansthat should something go wrong onsite, a running solution can be

restored within the shortest timeframe possible.

Remote service packageService is available seven days aweek from 08:00 to 22:00 CentralEuropean time with the exception of24 – 26 December. 24-hourresponse email, telephone andremote support is guaranteed.

Extended warrantyServers and other hardwareproducts from AV Stumpfl are nowavailable with an extended warrantyof up to five years.

Software maintenance contractA software maintenance contractcan be provided at the clientrequest. Minor updates to softwareare provided free of charge.

On-site service contracts

AV Stumpfl Set to Double Service Efforts

Beyond installation planning, design assistance, installation support andtraining, an AV Stumpfl expert service engineer can be dispatched to travelon-site within 48 hours on a contractual project for complex or largerprojects, anywhere in the world.

“These service enhancements are about meeting the needs of our partnersand customers. Service is firmly integrated into our partner programbecause, as all of our products must meet a certain technical standard, so allof our partners should have the same level of dedicated support whenthose products are released,” adds Oliver Hauser, head of project manage-ment and service at AV Stumpfl.


India’s first fully fledged multi-source microgrid was inauguratedtoday by India’s Minister for

Power, Coal and New & RenewableEnergy, Piyush Goyal, at a ceremonyhosted by ABB Group CEO UlrichSpiesshofer and ABB India ManagingDirector Bazmi Husain.

The multi-source microgrid suppliespower to ABB’s leading globalcustomer fair, Automation andPower World (APW), which is takingplace in New Delhi from Nov. 4-6.Powered by solar and wind it cangenerate up to 125 kilovolt ampere(kVA) - enough clean energy foraround 4,000 rural households.

It avoids production of more than1,300 kilograms of CO2 emissionsduring the three-day APW event. Themicrogrid is equipped with a state-of-the-art battery bank for power

storage and balancing, and canfunction independently or as asupplement to the main grid.A new report by the EconomistIntelligence Unit, commissioned byABB, says microgrids can make animportant contribution to the overallelectricity infrastructure andminimizes the risk of outages.

The report stresses that India coulddevelop domestic capabilities in themicrogrids sector, allowing it toexpand its presence in high-techmanufacturing and addressconsumer demand. In India, nearly aquarter of the population lacksaccess to electricity.

“Using microgrid technology, Indiacan not only light up its remotevillages, in line with thegovernment’s power for all program,but also decentralize generation and

ABB presents India’s first fully fledgedmulti-source microgrid

optimize power usage in remoteindustrial installations or urbancomplexes,” said ABB Group CEOUlrich Spiesshofer. “ABB hasexecuted more than 30 microgridprojects across the globe and iswell placed to partner with thegovernment in this area.”

APW is returning to India after fouryears with an exhibition of technolo-gies focused on the future of powerand automation. It presents smartsolutions for sustainable growth,showcasing the drivers of the nextlevel of development in India acrossutilities, industries, and transport andinfrastructure.

APW has a working exhibit of theworld’s first truly collaborativeindustrial robot, YuMi, along with aninnovative command and controlcenter for technologies utilizing the

Internet of Things, Services andPeople. The center can remotelymonitor the health and performanceof equipment, robots and industrialplants across the world. Sustainableinfrastructure and smart city offeringsfrom intelligent buildings to metrotransportation will also be show-cased at APW.

“The exhibition brings together ABBtechnologies from around the worldthat can enhance productivity inIndian industry,” said ABB IndiaManaging Director Bazmi Husain.“On average, Indian industries use30 percent more energy than globalbenchmarks to manufacture aproduction unit.

Optimization of energy use isimperative as India balances growthand the need to minimize environ-mental impact. The resulting energysavings and efficiency can beequivalent to setting up newcapacity. Microgrid technologydeployed for urban and powersensitive installations can aid reliable,optimal and clean power supply.”

About ABBABB (www.abb.com) is a leader inpower and automation technologiesthat enable utility, industry, andtransport and infrastructurecustomers to improve theirperformance while loweringenvironmental impact. The ABBGroup of companies operates inroughly 100 countries and employsabout 140,000 people.

For more information please contact:Corporate Communications, ABBIndia Ltd.

Sohini [email protected]

Peter [email protected]


Occupancy sensors are aproven strategy to reducelighting energy consump-

tion. As such, they are mandated bycommercial building energy codes.

Current codes require a maximum30-minute time delay. Time delay is afield-adjustable setting thatdetermines the amount of timebetween last detected occupancyand the lights switching or dimming.Newer codes may reduce that to 20minutes.

Shorter time delays translate tohigher energy savings. However,very short time delays can producemore frequent switching, which canshorten fluorescent lamp life.Meanwhile, longer time delays serveas insurance against nuisanceswitching by ensuring the space is

truly unoccupied.

The advent of LED lighting creates anopportunity to increase energysavings by reducing time delays. LEDsources are instant-ON and do notexperience an appreciablereduction in lamp life due tofrequent switching. Theoretically,time delay could be reduced to 5minutes or less, though a majority ofcurrent sensors do not offer settingsthat low.

To address false triggering that leaveoccupants in the dark, multiplecheap sensors could be deployedto ensure reliable detection. This is astrong potential for that withnetworks of luminaire-integratedsensors installed in open officeplans.

National Research Council Canada(NRC) put these ideas to the test in asimulation study of an ideal officelighting control system. Occupancydata was recorded in a spaceconsisting of six 6×8 workstationsin a windowless room over 10 daysbetween 7 AM and 7 PM (12hours). The lighting consisted ofluminaires mounted over eachworkstation. NRC applied threecontrol scenarios to this application:

Scenario #1: Timer Control. Thisbenchmark scenario represents thetraditional approach of centrallycontrolling all luminaires viascheduled ON/OFF, with the lightsoperating the full 12 hours. Energyconsumption over the 10 days wascalculated at 7.2 kWh.

Scenario #2: Adaptive CentralControl. This scenario featurescentral control but with a single localoccupancy sensor set with a 10-minute time delay. The lights are ONfrom the time the first occupantarrives until the last occupant leaves.Energy use: 6.1 kWh, 15% energy

savings compared to Scenario #1.

Scenario #3: Multiple Sensors andTime Delays: Each workstation hasdedicated occupancy sensing. Timedelays are set at 30 (Scenario #3a),20 (3b), 10 (3c), 1 (3d) and zero(3e) minute(s). Multiple sensors forreliable detection are required at thelower time delay settings of 1 andzero minute(s).

NRC evaluated energy savings,comparing these options againstScenario #1, and found:

• Scenario 3a (30 minutes),22% energy savings• Scenario 3b (20 minutes),26.4% energy savings• Scenario 3c (10 minutes),31.9% energy savings• Scenario 3d (1 minute),45.8% energy savings• Scenario 3e (0 minutes),48.6% energy savings

In “A Quick Timeout” (LD+A,December 2014), NRC researchersDr. Erhan E. Dikel and Dr. Guy R.Newsham wrote, “Overall, Scenario3-d seems like the best balancebetween maximizing savings, withsome protection against falsenegatives.”

They added that a detailed costanalysis and human factors study ofthe acceptance of this frequency ofswitching are needed beforeapplication in a commercial building.

Regarding lamp life, shorter timedelays are ideally suited to LED,though there may be potential forfluorescent. While shorter timedelays results in more frequentswitching, with associated reductionin lamp life, actual operating time isgreatly reduced.

Deployment of LED lighting alsoprovides another opportunity for

Higher Occupancy Sensor ResolutionPromises Greater Savings

greater resolution. The researchersoffered a scenario where lighting ismodularized within the workstationby task, with advanced sensingdetecting not just occupancy, butalso task being performed. Thelighting would instantaneously raiseand lower light levels based onlocation of the occupant and task.The proliferation of LED lighting isopening the door to new energy-saving opportunities with occu-pancy sensors by reducing timedelays.


Back in 2013, $10 was a sweetdeal for a 40-watt equivalent(6-watt) warm-white light-

emitting diode (LED) bulb.

Now, consumers can scoop upthree LED bulbs for that price with anew offering from GE.

GE unveiled its Bright Stik LED lastweek, a 60-watt-equivalent bulb thatis designed to woo consumersaway from compact fluorescents, atechnology many users were neverthrilled with in the first place.

The time is now to capture themarket. GE estimates that LEDs willgrow in the residential lighting marketfrom 10 percent today to more than50 percent by 2020. Five years ago,a 60-watt-equivalent LED was about$45.

GE is not alone in driving downprices. Earlier this year, Philips rolled

out a dimmable, warm-light LED forabout $5 with utility rebates at HomeDepot. The utility rebates areavailable in more than 40 states. For anon-dimmable bulb, Philips has acurrent offer of an A19 two-pack for$5. Not to be left out, Wal-Mart’sGreat Value brand LED 60-wattequivalent sells for about $4.

By comparison, compactfluorescents at Home Depot sell forabout $3 to $10 per bulb.

“As we undergo this lightingtechnology shift, we collaboratewith our vendors to provide ourcustomers with lighting options thatsave them money and energy,” JoeyCorona, Light Bulb Merchant forHome Depot, said in a statement.“With the GE Bright Stik, we workedclosely with GE to develop anaffordable LED to replace spiral CFLsthat offers superior quality light andfunction.”

New Consumer LED Light Bulbs Are NowCheaper Than Compact Fluorescents

For consumers who are wary of LEDs after bad experiences with the lightquality of early bulb models -- or frustrated by the performance of CFLs -- therange of affordable LED options, both in terms of shape, color, warranty andperformance, could win them over quickly once they are lured by the lowprices at the store.

And for more savvy consumers who want features beyond just dimming orcolor options for their LEDs, the price of connected LEDs is also falling andshould drop further as connected-home platforms, such as those fromsecurity companies, cable providers, Nest and Apple, continue to drive themarket.


LED lighting has made a new dimension of lightingcontrol, color tuning, widely available. By mixingseparately dimmable arrays of warm- and cool-

white, saturated colors (RGB+A) or a mix of the two,correlated color temperature (CCT) can be tunedmanually or automatically based on various applicationneeds.

Besides CCT, the source’s color rendering index (CRI)can be raised or lowered within a given range. Themaximum depends on the source, while the minimumdepends on the designated CCT. This is accomplishedby gradually reducing the red component of a red,blue, green and either yellow or amber mix.

While the primary benefit of modulating CCT is

aesthetics, the primary benefit ofmodulating CRI is energy savings. AsCRI declines, luminous efficacyincreases. This creates a potentialenergy savings opportunity inspaces that must remain illuminatedat full output and constant CCT whileunoccupied.

David L. Bay, LC, corporate engineerfor OSRAM SYLVANIA, sees airportconcourses as a potential applica-tion for this novel control strategy.The lights must remain ON and at fulloutput at night for safety, though formuch of the night large parts of the

CRI Modulation: Future LightingControl Strategy?BY CRAIG DILOUIE

concourse may be unoccupied.CCT must be maintained becausechanging CCT would be objection-able from an aesthetic point of view.

In this application, the lighting in themain circulation spaces would bezoned to operate at full output andspecified CCT and CRI. Lighting inperipheral areas would be separatelyzoned, with CRI reduced based onoccupancy or a schedule.

“CRI modulation would be suitablefor applications with certaincharacteristics,” Bay says. “Notably,


applications where maintaining highlux levels for safety or other reasonsis important, and where the space isgranularly occupied at different timesof the day.”

Actual energy savings woulddepend on the application, thoughBay believes at least 10% would betypical, and up to 25+% has beendemonstrated. Another question iswhether occupants would find achange in CRI objectionable.

In 2005, the Massachusetts Instituteof Technology (MIT) conducted astudy in an open office and twoprivate office spaces at the institute’sMedia Lab. The researchers wantedto know how far CRI could bereduced before occupants noticedthe change and/or found itobjectionable.

Eight OSRAM SYLVANIA LED panelswere installed in the ceiling of the

open office and two each in theprivate offices. These LED panelswere color tunable and of anexperimental design. CCT wasmaintained at 5000K, light levels atabout 30 footcandles.

The study participants—13 graduatestudents with no prior knowledgeof the study—were asked toperform tasks in the spaces. Whilethey were working, CRI was adjustedover a period of three seconds from89 to 68. Shortly afterwards, a pop-up questionnaire appeared on theirscreen asking what activity they weredoing and whether they noticed thechange.

Three hundred twenty of thesequeries received responses; ofthese, 203 responses (63%)indicated a change had not beennoticed. Changes were more likelyto be noticed when occurring in theimmediate area or simultaneously in

the immediate and peripheral areas.Changes were least likely to benoticed when they occurred solelyin a peripheral area.

“Experience suggests CRI modula-tion within an occupied space willnot be well accepted,” Bay notes.“The concept of CRI dimming iscurrently founded on modulating CRIof unoccupied spaces adjacent tooccupied spaces.”

CRI modulation was considered agood potential if not practicalstrategy at the time of the study. LEDtechnology has made significantadvances since then, making itpractical. Still, Bay notes, therequirements of color-mixing LEDsand granular zoning poses a costthat challenges economic viability.

As LED technology continues toprogress, however, CRI modulationmay become viable from an

economic as well as a technologicalstandpoint.

Bay sees CRI modulation beingpaired with another potential controlstrategy, which is using LED generallighting as an indicator.

For example, peripheral lighting in aprivate office could automaticallyadjust to become red when theoccupant is on the phone, bothsaving energy while indicating theoccupant should not be disturbed.This potential has many applications.

“Color tuning has opened a vastpotential in lighting design andapplication, and we are justbeginning to pioneer,” Bay says.“While these applications focus onaesthetics with some interest incircadian health, this extraordinaryemerging dimension of lightingcontrol may also be used tomaximize energy savings.”


As we mentioned in thesePostings a few weeks ago,the biggest takeaway from

this year’s LIGHTFAIR® Internationalwas the prevalence of connectedproducts, and the fact that sensorsand controls seemed to beeverywhere the eye could see.

All of this was evidence of the seachange that’s taking place within thefield of lighting, courtesy of SSL.Whereas lighting has been viewedsince Edison’s day as a relativelyone-dimensional commodity thatilluminates spaces, the advent of SSLhas created growing recognitionwithin the industry that lighting canfulfill a multiplicity of functions anddoesn’t have to be static andunchanging.

While it’s clear from what we saw atLIGHTFAIR that manufacturers arealready embracing this idea and arestarting to design their productsaccordingly, it’s not yet clearwhether building owners andlighting designers will be asenthusiastic about those products.Infrastructure changes do nothappen overnight.

Conventional lighting is typicallystatic and unchanging — not bychoice, but because of its techno-logical limitations. But SSL is notsubject to many of those limitations,such as warmup time — which isopening up whole new dimensionsto lighting that were unimaginable afew years back.

Unlike other lighting technologies,SSL can be designed so that it’s

controllable across multiplecharacteristics — not just lumenoutput, but also CCT, chromaticity,and even beam angle. SSL’smicroelectronic nature makes it notonly physically possible, but alsoeconomically feasible, to integratesensors, intelligence, networkinterfaces, and other functionalitythat can boost overall energyefficiency and offer a range of otherpotential benefits and services aswell.

There’s widespread agreement thatSSL — driven by maintenance andenergy savings — will eventuallybecome the dominant technologyfor most lighting applications.Concurrently, lighting could evenbecome the platform for the Internetof Things, which offers a way toconnect a wide range of electronicdevices to communication networksand is expected to make possiblean unprecedented exchange ofdata.

That data exchange will facilitate thedevelopment of higher-performingalgorithms, which could enablebetter device and system perfor-mance as well as data-driven energymanagement of lighting and otherbuilding systems.

And SSL fits into that picture like apiece to a jigsaw puzzle: lightsources are ubiquitous in the builtenvironment, making it possible tobuild out a dense web of datacollection points by integratingsensors into those sources.

Of course, there are a number of

Jim Brodrick on the ConnectedLighting Trendby Jim Brodrick, SSL Program Manager, U.S. Department of Energy


hurdles that need to be overcome for solid-state lighting to fulfill its potentialin this regard — most of them centering on incorporating it, along withcontrol technologies, into the built environment. But given the challengesSSL has met to date, it’s likely to only be a matter of time before we seethese things happening on a wide scale.

Solid-state lighting is still at a relatively early stage of its development, with

the best yet to come. It wasn’t long ago that telephones were strictly fortalking, whereas today they’re sophisticated minicomputers.

If you take a step back and look at what’s happening across the industry,you’ll see that lighting, too, is becoming vastly different from what it wasbefore — and that even the catchphrase “it’s not your grandfather’slightbulb anymore” has taken on whole new layers of meaning.


Industry leaders from around theglobe predicted the nextevolution in controls and warned

that the lighting controls market is indanger of getting usurped by otherindustries.

Home-Lighting-Automation

Just as the type of light sourcesgaining dominance over the past 10years has changed rapidly fromincandescent to compact fluores-cent to LED, the controls market isundergoing a similar revolution.

At the Hong Kong InternationalLighting Fair, experts from leadinglighting companies participated in apanel discussion on the topic. Forexample, Megaman went fromoffering entirely CFL in 2009 to anoverwhelming proportion of LEDproducts today. “This is what’shappening in the whole industry,”noted Fred Bass, Managing Directorfor Neonlite, the brand owner ofMEGAMAN® products in the UK.“We’ve changed our channels tomarket.”

With the LED revolution has comeanother shift: lighting products andcontrols used to be separateentities, but now they are beingcombined into one product. Thiswhole idea of “smart lighting” –where lighting is linked to a mobiledevice – has been spreading likewildfire.

Whether it’s the surging popularity ofCasambi – a third-party platformbased on the dual-protocol NordicnRF51822 SoC and designed to takesmart lighting mainstream byintegrating with LED smart bulbs,drivers, and lighting fixtures – orOsram’s Lightify (featured in lastmonth’s edition of enLIGHTenmentMagazine), or Philips’ Hue (whichsold out in Germany within hours ofbeing available on the market), themass consumer public is embracingBluetooth-enabled lighting controls.One of the advantages of Bluetoothcontrols, according to the panelists,

is that they do not require a driver ortransformer like Zigbee.

According to a Berg Insight SmartHome report, it is estimated that 36million homes in Europe and NorthAmerica will be “smart” by 2017.

More importantly, there areconsolidations and mergersoccurring in the technology sectorthat will impact the lighting controlsindustry. For one thing, “controls”are encompassing a wide variety offunctions that include heating andsecurity. When Google boughtNest Labs for $3.2 billion (cash!)early last year, the news resonatedwith lighting industry leaders.

“It’s possible – and very likely – thattech companies and not the lightingcontrols companies will beinfluencing the future of lightingcontrols,” one panelist said.

Following the success of Hue inEurope and in the U.S., there are ahost of companies on Philips’ heels,ready to launch RGB-changing Wi-Fibulbs for residential and lightcommercial (i.e. restaurants,boutiques) purposes.

“Lighting controls representsapproximately two percent of theglobal lighting market, but no onereally knows the exact amount forsure,” Bass admitted. Determiningwhat constitutes “controls” can bevague. “Just putting in a simplecontrol can save energy by 30percent,” he said. “However, withthe lighting market increasing bybillions of dollars, [intelligent lighting]has become a real opportunity,”Bass noted.

All of the recent activity regardingmergers and acquisitions in the“Internet of Things” (IoT) sector iscreating a paradigm shift. In August2014, Samsung bought SmartThings,which, for those unfamiliar with thebrand, promises consumers theycan “control and monitor your homefrom one simple app.” Once a

It’s All About Control: Smart Lightinghomeowner has the SmartThingsHub and free app, they can add asmany devices as they want to“customize their smart home.”Among the devices that theSmartThings Hub controls are:thermostats, open & close window/door sensor, panic button, moisturesensor, wall outlets, smoke detector,smoke/carbon dioxide alarm, watervalve shut-off, door lock anddeadbolts, fan controller, motionsensor, plus lamps and lightingfixtures.

Simon Coombes, Chief TechnologyOfficer for Gooee® presented amacro view of smart lighting andfuture technologies during the paneldiscussion. [Gooee is an M2M(machine to machine) and IoTtechnology business and systemsintegrator focused on the design,engineering, and supply ofhardware, software, and datamanagement components acrossthe LED lighting value chain.]

“The lighting industry is in a perfectstorm of opportunity,” Coombes


stated. “LED lighting is forecast to bea $100 billion business by 2020 andwe’re seeing an influx of capital intocontrols. Lighting is the Trojan horseinto the [smart] home environment;it is more ubiquitous than any otherdevice. Large multi-stack organiza-tions are getting a marketshare of thecontrol and home automationmarket and software will be a keyelement in lighting going forward.”

While the IoT is relevant to smartlighting and appropriate software iscritical, Coombes noted that themost important component will bethe cooperation among companiesto agree on a standard with the goalof creating greater interoperability.“We need mass adoption to realizethis opportunity,” he said. “We’re

not just talking about lighting, butevery appliance you want to control.Lighting is just part of a [larger]system.”

According to a Berg Insight SmartHome report, it is estimated that 36million homes in Europe and NorthAmerica will be “smart” by 2017.The greater use of Radio Frequency(RF) will allow for mass adoption ofthe technology because no rewiringis needed.

“These [technology] mergers andacquisitions will be part of goingforward with mass adoption,”Coombes remarked. “Right now, it’snot easy to be compatible witheverything.” Max Yue of Cree cited astatistic that estimates 25 billion

devices will be inter-connected in2020, with 7 billion of that numberbeing comprised of smart phones.“This means a lot more people willbe using data,” he affirmed. “Twoyears ago, I was [using my devices]to check email. Now you can watchmovies [via] live streaming. That’s alot of data usage! The industry has toprepare for 1,000x growth, and it’sdifficult to add the capacity tohandle all that data.”

Yue proposed that with LED lighting,we will be able to do much moresuch as data communication and Li-Fi experimentation. [Li-Fi, a termcoined by Prof. Harald Haas duringhis TED Global talk, is bidirectional,high-speed and fully networkedwireless communications similar to

like Wi-Fi, but using light..

With all of these various communica-tion methods being used globally,the panelists agree that we are in themidst of a format war.

“There needs to be standardization,perhaps from someone furtherupstream, to build an infrastructurefor lighting companies to [have as asystem],” Coombes said. “Until thereis standardization, I think it will befrustrating.”

Bass likened the situation to thebattle between VHS and Betamax.“Will this be a Betamax problem?Can there only be one winner?There are so many players involved,”he commented.


AUTOMOTIVE lighting isundergoing a quietrevolution, leading to new

vehicle designs and providingenhanced nighttime safety. But whilemany of the innovations havebecome common in Europe andAsia, they have been slower to arrivein the United States.

The changes are made possibleprimarily through the increased useof LED lamps, the same technologyused in the newest generation ofhome lighting. LED lamps are smaller,run cooler and use less energy thanstandard automotive lamps.

“LEDs let us package light in smallerspaces, so we can create asignature look,” said ShannenBorngesser, an exterior lightingengineer for General Motors.Headlights and taillights can now beconstructed in different shapes andpatterns that, much like a car’s tailfins in the 1960s, immediatelyidentify a particular make and model.

Even to the untrained eye, there isno mistaking the front of an Audiwith its sharply angled LED daytimelights, the four circles of a BMW’sheadlight system or the vertical redstrip of a Cadillac Escalade’s rearlights and white blades of itsheadlights.

Behind the scenes, and mostly inother countries, manufacturers aredeveloping new ways to use light tomake nighttime driving safer. Bycombining LED lamps with cameras,a vehicle’s headlights can be morethan just a set of low and highbeams, and instead continuouslyalter their light patterns to exactly fitthe immediate road conditions.

An early version of this system hasbeen offered by Opel, G.M.’sEuropean division, in several modelsfor 12 years. Its current version, AFL

Plus (for “adaptive forward lightingplus”) determines the condition ofthe road and, using a rotating druminside a xenon headlamp, createsnine variations of the beam pattern.

But it’s the increased use of LEDlamps that is allowing manufacturersto fine-tune this technology. Givenan LED’s smaller size, cars can packmore bulbs into each headlight,each of which can then be turnedon and off to create unique lightpatterns based on road conditionsand the amount of oncoming traffic.This ensures that other drivers arenever blinded by oncomingheadlights, while the driver of thevehicle using the system receives anoptimal view of the road.

Opel’s AFL Plus system using LEDswill be introduced this summer; itwill be able to create 256 beampatterns, said Ingolf Schneider,Opel’s director of lighting technol-ogy.

Audi, the luxury division ofVolkswagen, has been a leader inlighting technology. Its high-performance R8 includes an optionallaser high beam. And five of itssedan and sport utility vehiclemodels can be bought with an LED-based high-beam matrix headlight.

The system is so good at not shininglight on vehicles traveling ahead of itthat the high beam can remain onand adjust itself, even if eight carsare in front.

But American drivers have yet to seethe benefits of the new technology.When those cars are sold in theUnited States, all those models arefitted with standard headlights.

Regulations in the United Statesspecify that headlights must create aspecific pattern. While they canrotate when a car turns a corner, the

pattern is not allowed to changeshape. Because of restrictions likethese, “lighting advances are comingfrom Europe and Japan,” saidStephan Berlitz, Audi’s head oflighting technology.

While Chrysler doesn’t offer vehicleswith LED headlights, it is interested increating a matrix high-beam systemsimilar to Audi’s.

“The industry is very excited by theadaptive driving beam,” said DennisNovack, the development lead forexterior lighting for Fiat Chrysler.

Manufacturers see other technolo-gies eventually creating even moreefficient, attractive and safe lighting.Opel is in the early stages of testingheadlights that will respond to adriver’s eye movements, which aretracked by an in-vehicle camera.Algorithms and exterior cameras willensure that a beam’s pattern anddirection do not change every timedrivers look at billboards or theirfeet. The system won’t be availablefor at least five years, Ms. Borngessersaid.

Audi conceives of a time whenheadlights will be able to projectpatterns, like a foot path on the roadto help a pedestrian cross a darkstreet, or lines to the left and right ofa vehicle as it passes through aconstruction zone, allowing thedriver to get a better sense of thesize of the constricted road, Mr.Berlitz said.

And while LED lamps have migratedto a vehicle’s rear, creating brightsheets of brake lights, turn signalsand taillights that illuminate almostinstantaneously, car manufacturersand designers are entranced by thepossibilities of OLED, or organic lightemitting diode, technology.

OLED light can be manufactured in

thin sheets, giving designers theability to place light wherever on thecar’s body they desire. Andbecause OLED light sources take upso little room, vehicle space couldbe freed up for other uses or tocreate other shapes.

Still, the use of OLED light sources isyears off, because the technology isstymied by current low light outputand high cost.

To encourage the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration tochange its rules regarding matrix highbeams, the Society of AutomotiveEngineers has been working for overa year to create a set of standardsthat the government agency couldthen use as a basis for rule-makingchanges. Last year, Audi brought aEuropean version of its A8 sedan tothe United States to demonstrate itstechnology to government officials.

But approval, if it happens, will mostlikely take years, officials say,because changing American lightingregulations is an elaborate and slowprocess involving testing, publiccomments and rule making. Onceapproved, manufacturers then haveto fit the changes into theirproduction schedules. “We’relooking at ways to amend thelighting standard to allow systems toprovide even better lighting,” saidGordon Trowbridge, a spokesmanfor the agency. “It’s a frustrating andtime-consuming process. We havean obligation that the U.S. govern-ment not act rashly.”

With LED Lights, Automakers RevealAll the Road We Cannot See


LG Chem has launched a new flexible OLED light panel in the size of406x50mm, which is about twice the size of current 200x50mm OLEDlight panel. LG Chem had previously introduced the plastic-based

200x50mm flexible panel followed by the sample price offer announcementin January 2015. “Based on the customer feedbacks, that flexibility in designrises with the increase in length of the flexible OLED light panel, we decidedto introduce the longer version,” said Park Sung-Soo, Vice President of theOLED light business at LG Chem.

The new 406x50mm flexible OLED light panels (P6SD models) are 0.41mmthink with 20,000 hours of lifetime. Also, the new flexible panels haveefficacy of 50lm/W with CRI of 85. The panels show light uniformity of 70%and above across the panel.

About LG ChemLG Chem, located in Seoul, South Korea, is an OLED light panel manufacturerwhich provides OLED light panels in a variety of shapes and sizes. Tendifferent models are available with two different color temperatures, whichdeliver high color rendering levels (CRI>90) as well as achieving highluminance, high efficacy and long lifespan. For more information, please visitthe website at www.lgoledlight.com and the Facebook page atwww.facebook.com/lgoledlight.

LG Chem Launches New 406x50mmFlexible OLED Light Panel



Typical automatic lighting controlapplications involve an inputdevice, such as a photosensor,

interacting with a power controller,such as a switch. In some cases,these components may beintegrated into the same device, asin the case of a wall-box occupancysensor. In other cases, the compo-nents are installed separately, as inthe case of a ceiling-mountoccupancy sensor and a wallswitch.

For these separately installedcomponents to interact, the inputdevice must send a control signal tothe controller, which then controlsthe load. The predominant traditionalapproach is to send a control signalalong dedicated low-voltage wiring.A more recent approach, which isemerging as a popular optionparticularly for lighting upgrades inexisting buildings, is to communi-cate using radio waves—radio-frequency (RF) wireless control.

The value proposition is short andsweet—using radio waves insteadof wiring eliminates wiring, withmultiple potential benefits.

“The primary benefit of wireless RFlighting controls is that they can beretrofitted into a space at any timeand can be easily scaled as needschange,” says Eric Lind, VicePresident-Global Specifications,Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. “Existingbuildings can now take advantage ofenergy savings and occupantbenefits associated with wirelesslighting controls without the needfor a total building makeover.”

The result is a potentially lower costfor introducing automatic lightingcontrol strategies into existing

buildings without changing existingwiring or adding new dedicatedcontrol wiring. This is particularlyadvantageous in outdoor lightingand in indoor spaces featuring hardceilings. The latest commercialbuilding energy codes requireautomatic shutoff for retrofits inwhich 10+ percent of the con-nected lighting load is replaced.Wireless offers an option that ispotentially less costly, simpler andless disruptive.

It can also simplify installation in newconstruction, promoted by theadded benefit of being able tomore easily move sensors andthereby fine-tune control perfor-mance during both commissioningand ongoing building operations.

RF wireless controls consist ofactuators and input devices. Theactuator is the power controller, arelay-based device that providesON/OFF switching and 0-10VDC full-range dimming. The actuator featuresan embedded wireless receiver thataccepts radio signals within rangefrom transmitters in wireless inputdevices, which may be occupancy/vacancy sensors, photosensors andswitch stations. It then acts uponthose signals within its set rules.

The input device may be poweredby an internal battery or by harvest-ing energy (based on EnOcean’stechnology) from ambient light,temperature differential or mechani-cal energy produced by flipping aswitch. If the device is battery-operated, it should feature a high-quality battery that provides reliabilityand long service life. It should alsobe matched to the most efficientdevices to maximize the amount oftime before a battery charge is

Wireless Lighting ControlComes of Age BY CRAIG DILOUIE


required. The actuator is typicallyinstalled in or on a luminaire or in ajunction box. The input devices areinstalled wherever they’re needed.During setup, all devices arediscovered and added to aprogrammable network, wherethey’re grouped and givenassignments. Setup methods vary bymanufacturer and include

pushbutton programming, bar codescanning, mobile app setup,database generation and others.

“Wireless RF lighting control primarilygot its start in the residential market,”says Mike Crane, Senior ProductManager, Hubbell Building Automa-tion, Inc. “With the creation ofrobust and reliable radio-based

technologies like ZigBee, EnOceanand SNAP, developing andproviding commercial solutions isnow possible. Although thetechnology has been around for awhile and the demand is increasing,we are still at the very early stages ofadoption within the commercialmarket.” Some manufacturers havedeveloped niche solutions around

specific applications such as parkinggarages, outdoor lighting, hotel cardswitches, plug-load controls andothers. Some specialize in indoorversus outdoor lighting. As thetechnology continues to developand gain acceptance, manufacturersare expected to begin to increas-ingly offer one-stop shoppingcovering a wide range of indoor and


outdoor applications. Leading thistrend are LED luminaire manufactur-ers that have begun to offercomplete systems featuringluminaires with integral wirelesscontrol and push-button setup forsimplified commissioning.

This provides intelligent individualluminaire control, streamlines theamount of equipment required, andoffers confidence that all elementsof the wireless LED lighting systemare compatible and will worktogether properly.

“LED luminaires with integrated RFlighting controls and sensors arehelping specifiers and installerseliminate extra design work andredundant equipment, whilemaximizing energy savings,” saysTom Hinds, Product PortfolioManager, Lighting, Cree, Inc.“Integrated solutions attack not onlythe wasted electrical energy inbuildings but the costs typicallyassociated with designing andinstalling lighting controls.

Advances in automating commis-sioning and simplifying the processhelp systems get set up correctlyand quicker.”

Devices can be tied together toform a network for control of lightingin large rooms and even buildings.Each control device is individuallyaddressable in the network, allowinggroup and potentially individualluminaire control. Solutions can bescaled from single rooms to entirebuildings, with building-level controlachieved by connecting rooms to abuilding network via wireless accesspoints with a software interface.Because communication is two-way, the potential exists for energymeasurement and power monitor-ing. In fact, many systems nowinclude actuators and/or controlmodules that feature a Hall Effectsensor, which senses current andallows generation of current,voltage, energy, kVAh, lamp burntime and other parameters forretrieval and analysis.

RF wireless lighting control networkstypically use a self-healing mesh orstar topology. In a self-healing meshnetwork, data flows between

devices to communicate between agateway and a given control point. Ifa device fails, the signal flowautomatically reroutes through otherdevices (“self healing”), whichincreases reliability.

In a star topology, signals from allwireless devices are transmitteddirectly to and from a series ofgateways that form the backbone ofthe network. The relatively low signaltraffic volume may increase reliabilityand speed.

For devices to communicate, theyrequire design in accordance with acommon protocol. Popularprotocols include ZigBee, Xbee,EnOcean, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LEand the Synapse Network Appli-ance Protocol (SNAP).

A number of systems are alsooffered that use proprietaryprotocols, many of which are similarto ZigBee. The wireless controls canbe integrated with wired lighting andbuilding automation systems usingeither gateways (for translating fromone protocol to another) or bysharing a common protocol.

Crane says security is not asignificant issue, as multiple securitymeasures are taken to preventhacker intrusion and interferencefrom other wireless signals. He doesadvise that a sufficient number ofdevices be installed within range toensure good communication.

“One of the challenges with wirelesslighting controls is making sure thatdevices are within radio range of theother devices in the wirelessnetwork,” he says. “If a device is outof range then there exists thepossibility that the device will neverbe able to communicate with otherdevices.

“RF wireless lighting controls willchange the way you view lightingand will increase your bottom line,”says Hinds. “Energy efficiency willcontinue to be a top priority forcutting costs, and with energyrepresenting 30 percent of thetypical office building’s costs, LEDlighting with RF lighting controls willget you there.”



A traditional lighting control designdeploys manual switches andsimple controls such as loadscheduling to control large zones ofluminaires. Even when occupancysensors are installed, these devicesare typically assigned to large controlzones.

Increasingly stringent commercialbuilding energy codes have madecontrol zoning more granular.Emerging control strategies such asdaylight harvesting (daylight-responsive lighting) becamerecognized based on proveneffectiveness, resulting in a layeringof strategies. Additionally, smallercontrol zones generally increaseresponsiveness, flexibility andenergy savings. However, individualluminaire control, with a lightingcontroller installed in each luminaire,increases equipment costs.

The greatest potential to save energyis with advanced lighting controlsystems that feature three capabili-ties. First, all applicable controlstrategies can be layered in ahierarchy of control zones. Second,zoning can be precisely matched tothe application, potentially resultingin a mix of larger zones with zonesas small as individual luminaires,which increases responsivenesswhile allowing personal control ofoverhead general lighting. Third,these systems provide a centralmechanism for calibration, sophisti-cated programming, measuring andmonitoring.

Wireless lighting control systems arenow available that are designed tosimplify installation while potentiallyreducing material and labor costsassociated with control wiring,making highly granular zoning morecost-effective. Radio-frequency (RF)wireless controls originally gainedpopularity in the residential market.They entered the commercial market

after technological improvementsand the development of wirelessmesh network standards. As such,RF wireless is a relatively youngtechnology in commercial lightingcontrol, albeit one with significantpotential.

The General Services Administration(GSA), the agency responsible forFederal real estate management andproducts and services procurementsupport, studied deployment ofadvanced RF wireless controlsystems in two Federal buildings.The study, conducted by theLawrence Berkeley NationalLaboratory (LBNL) for the agency’sGreen Proving Ground (GPG)program, sought to quantify theperformance of wireless lightingsystems.

Two buildings were selected forinstallation. One is the 16-storyAppraisers Federal Building (SanFrancisco, CA), the other the 8-storyMoss Federal Building (Sacramento,CA).

The Appraisers Federal Buildingconsisted mostly of open officespaces with some private officesand other spaces. Occupancysensors and manual switches werealready installed before the study.The GPG study included an LEDluminaire retrofit combined withwireless controls, and with onecontroller per luminaire allowingindividual luminaire control.

The Moss Federal Building alsoconsisted mostly of open officespaces with some private offices,corridors and meeting spaces. Eachspace already had manual switchesand/or occupancy sensors, and insome cases, time schedulingsystems. The GPG study sawinstallation of wireless controls withexisting fluorescent luminaires inthree locations on two floors, with

Green Proving Ground Program StudiesAdvanced Wireless Lighting Controls


multiple luminaires assigned toluminaire-based controllers.

At both locations, control softwarewas used to assign luminaires tocontrol zones that typically includedfour to six luminaires. Photosensorswere installed in control zonesconfigured within perimeter daylightzones. Wireless occupancy sensors

were installed, typically one percontrol zone. In private offices, anoccupancy sensor, dimmer-switchand, if the office had a window, aphotosensor were installed. Thesystem was then tied to an Internetserver enabling facility operators toprogram and monitor the lightingusing a web-based interface. TheLBNL researchers studied each site

before and after the retrofit, whichincluded site visits, energy measur-ing, photometric study (light levelsand color quality) and occupantsatisfaction surveys. A month ofperformance data was collected forluminaires in three control zones,one in Appraisers and two in Moss,so as to estimate average lightingpower density and annual energy

consumption. This formed thebaseline. Various lighting scenarioswere then implemented andmonitored to identity energy savingsresulting from various controlscenarios.

Key findings:

• Advanced wireless lighting control


resulted in estimated 32.3% lighting energy savings at the Appraisers FederalBuilding.

• Advanced wireless lighting control resulted in estimated 32.8% averagelighting energy savings at the three sites in the Moss Federal Building.

The lowest energy savings (9%) were at one site at Moss, with savingsmostly produced by reducing after-hours operation of the lighting. Energysavings were dampened by programming that kept the luminaires at adimmed (20%) level during periods of no occupancy, as opposed topreviously being turned OFF by occupancy sensors. The highest energysavings were at the other two Moss sites, 42 and 47%, which was pro-duced by a combination of after-hours lighting reduction, institutional tuningand daylight dimming.

At Appraisers, the LED luminaire retrofit reduced lighting power density by55%, from 0.97W/sq.ft. to 0.44W/sq.ft. Total energy savings, including thewireless controls, increased savings to about 69%.

The LBNL researchers were able to disaggregate the performance of variouscontrol scenarios. In one Appraisers location, relative to a basic time-basedcontrol strategy, occupancy sensors were found to produce 22% energysavings, with an additional 10% for institutional tuning and 7% for daylightharvesting (noting daylight harvesting was implemented on about a third ofthe luminaires in this group). In all, advanced wireless controls wereestimated to save about 39% lighting energy compared to time-schedulingcontrol.

The researchers concluded, “Overall, this study found that implementingadvanced wireless control systems can save significant lighting energy.”

They noted that savings are not guaranteed, being dependent on baselinecontrol conditions, such as whether an existing system already hasoccupancy sensors installed, and baseline site conditions, such asprevalence of daylight.

At Appraisers, the LED lighting system with advanced wireless controlsreduced average light levels from about 57 to 37 footcandles, which wasfound to be satisfactory as it was above the 30 footcandles deemedappropriate for the tasks performed in the space. The occupant satisfactionsurveys found occupants perceived the new lighting conditions and controlperformance favorably, with overall comfort increasing.

At Moss, average light levels remained fairly consistent before and after theupgrade. Occupant satisfaction, however, was slightly reduced after theretrofit in terms of perception of comfort, light levels and control perfor-mance. The researchers believe that fluorescent lamp failures resulting fromthe lamps not being properly seasoned prior to dimming (see NEMA-LSD-23-2010), coupled with commissioning errors and existing wired occu-pancy sensors applying legacy zoning onto new workstation and controlslayouts, may have influenced these results. Use of wireless occupancysensors could have improved the control performance, as wireless sensorscan be relocated easily without rewiring to better align with new workstationlayouts.

In a retrofit situation, the project must carry the entire installed cost of thecontrol system, though if luminaires are replaced, installation labor can beeconomized. In a new construction scenario, return on investment is basedon the incremental cost of the new controls over an energy code-compliantsolution. The LBNL researchers concluded, “With paybacks ranging from 3 to6 years, adding wireless advanced lighting controls to lighting projects is acompelling opportunity in new construction and major renovation.”



PHD Chamber in associationwith Department of Electronicsand Information

Technology(DEITY), Ministry ofCommunications and IT organized aConference on Make n India: BrightProspects of LED Manufacturing’ on14th August 2015 at PHD House,New Delhi. The objective of theConference was to boost domesticLED Manufacturing in India especiallyin rural areas where the concept ofLED has not set in as widely as it hasin urban India. The Conference alsodeliberated on how LED Technologyin future can become the primarysource of lighting in India.

The Conference was presided overby Dr. Ajay Kumar, AdditionalSecretary, Department of Electronicsand Information Technology (DEITY),Ministry of Communications andInformation Technology, Govern-ment of India.Shri D K Nayyar, DeputyDirector General – Standards, Bureau

of Indian Standards (BIS) deliveredthe Special Guest for the InauguralSession.

In the Opening remarks Mr. VivekSeigell, Director, PHD Chamber threwlight on the current scenario of theIndian Electronics and in particularLED Industry. He mentioned that theElectronics imports to India grew at26% in 2014-15 to $22.14 billionfrom $17.59 billion in 2013-14. Hementioned that Electronics exportsfrom India witnessed a negativegrowth of 20 % at $ 2.09 billion in2014-15 from $2.61 billion in 2013-14. He added that the LED importsin India grew at 69.2% to $222.3million in 2014-15 from $131.35million in 2013-14 and LED exportsfrom India grew at 22.6% to $13.25million in 2013-14.

Mr. Alok B. Shriram, President, PHDChamber, while delivering thewelcome address emphasized on

India’s Electronics Industry. He saidthat the electronics industry todayhas become extremely vital and akey driver for India’s economicgrowth. He apprised the delegatesof the current scenario of IndianElectronics Industry which stood atUS$ 69.6 billion in the year 2012which is 3.5% of the globalelectronics market. It is expected toreach US $400 Billion by year 2020.

Mr. Alok Shriram also stressed onLED segment which was gainingprominence worldwide and also inIndia. He suggested that more focusshould be given on use of LEDproducts can greatly reduce thepower burden for the Government.The President pitched for lowercertification fee or charges to obtainBIS standards especially for MSMEsegment specifically electronicsindustry as the current charges arevery high.

Mr. Shriram appreciated the initiativestaken up by Department ofElectronics and InformationTechnology (DEITY) especially the‘Digital India’ Program which waslaunched by the Government of

India in July and reiterated that suchinitiatives would help bolster thedomestic manufacturing,

Dr. Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary,Department of Electronics andInformation Technology (DEITY),Ministry of Communication and IT,Government of India in his InauguralAddress said that the LED verticalhas emerged as a key player in theIndian Electronics Market. Hementioned that the recent growth ofLED technology in India is just the tipof iceberg. He said that apart frominstitutional and commercialdemand, retail demand for LEDs hasalso increased substantially.

Dr. Ajay Kumar listed 3 factors whichwould be crucial for developmentof LED Technology• New Programs of the Governmentof India like ‘Smart India’,’ DigitalIndia’ are driving the demand• Economic Development of Indiawill also push a lot of peopletowards the technology• Rural Areas will generate significantdemand as the energy consumptionis lessDr. Ajay Kumar stressed that India

Note for Conference on ‘Make in India:Bright Prospects of LED Manufacturing’ on14th August 2015

Inaugural Session - Left to Right:Shri D K Nayyar,Deputy Director General –Standards, Bureau of Indian Standards;Mr. R P Jhalani,Chairman,Committee onElectronics and Engineering Goods, PHD Chamber ;Mr. Alok B. Shriram,President,PHDChamber;Dr. Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Electronics andInformation Technology(DEITY),Ministry of Communications and IT, Government of Indiaand Mr. Vivek Seigell,Director,PHD Chamber releasing a report on LED Imports andExports in India.

Left to Right: Shri D K Nayyar,Deputy Director General – Standards, Bureau of IndianStandards(BIS);Mr. R P Jhalani,Chairman,Committee on Electronics and EngineeringGoods, PHD Chamber ;Mr. Alok B. Shriram,President,PHD Chamber;Mr. VivekSeigell,Director,PHD Chamber and Dr. Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department ofElectronics and Information Technology(DEITY),Ministry of Communications and IT,Government of India during the Inaugural Session.


must not limit itself to foreigndesigned LEDs and must focus ondesigning LEDs in India specific torequirements of Indian Consumer.

He elaborated that Prime MinisterShri Narendra Modiji has put anequal focus for ‘Design in India’along with ‘Make in India’ campaign.The LEDs have also evolved withrespect to design in the last 5-7years by using different materials.

Dr. Ajay Kumar said that theelectronics manufacturing scenariotoday is much better as comparedto past 5 years. He said that in thepast one year Rs 1,10,000 crore ofinvestments for electronicsmanufacturing have been commit-ted under M-SIPS (Modified SpecialIncentives Package Scheme)scheme of the Department ofElectronics and InformationTechnology(DEITY).He further saidthat DEITY has set an ambitious targetof $100 billion investments by 2020.

He said that the Government hastaken certain various measures toboost Electronics Manufacturing inIndia like

• Extension of M-SIPS for 5 years.Also the new M-SIPS scheme hasremoved or simplified various stickyclauses to further boost the investorsentiment.• Electronics Development Fund(EDF) will become operational fromnext month onwards to support

venture capitalists to fund electronicmanufacturing.• Setting up of National Centre forFlexible Electronics (where LEDswould be an important vertical)at IITKanpur.They would be taking upprojects only if industry is includedas a partner.• Joint Collaborative Research Grantsfor a company jointly working with aforeign company can also getfinancial support from DEITY.

He also added that it would be awatershed moment for India if IndianCompanies which were not inElectronics Manufacturing started toparticipate in the ElectronicsManufacturing.

Dr. Ajay Kumar sought activeinvolvement of Bureau of IndianStandards (BIS) to check theimports of sub standard LEDs.Hesaid that reducing inflow of substandards LEDs will help thedomestic manufacturer.

Dr. Ajay Kumar emphasized onExport Opportunities of LEDproducts from India. He said that inorder to boost Exports of LEDs fromIndia DEITY had taken up the matterwith Ministry of Commerce to alsoinclude Developed Countries in thepurview of Market Access Initiatives(MAI) Scheme apart from Develop-ing countries (currently). Shri D KNayyar, Deputy Director General –Standards, Bureau of IndianStandards(BIS) gave a Special

Address at Inaugural Session. Hesaid that if India has to followNational Manufacturing Policy then itmust keep momentum of growth inmanufacturing sectors as to achieve25% share in national GDP by year2022. He said that of late there hasbeen considerable improvement inmanufacturing of Electronics Sectorwith ‘Make in India’ program of thecurrent Government already actingas a catalyst.

Shri Nayyar said that LEDs are mostefficient lighting source free of toxicmaterials and also no disposal issuesof fluorescent lamps. He mentionedthat LEDs are having a big impact inthe overall manufacturing ofelectronic products and has wideapplications ranging from televisionreceivers, laptops, computers,display devices and most impor-tantly lighting. He also said that in thepast few years LED based lightinghave emerged as a credible, energyefficient, long lasting and lowmaintenance alternative for realworld and commercialapplications.Shri Nayyar said that BIShas an important role to play when itcomes to developing LEDs withhigher reflectance leading toimproved efficiency.

Shri D K Nayyar said that more than100 standards have been released inthe field of lighting and 15 directlyrelated to LEDs.In addition BISstandards for LED display devicesare also in place with standards onPhotobiological safety requirementsin the pipeline. Also another newinitiative launched was Comprehen-sive National Lighting Code byBureau of Indian Standards (BIS)which would act as a guidelinedocument for manufacturers, lightingdesigners and users

He further explained the operatingregulations at BIS which includes• The well known ISI mark Scheme• Self Declaration of Conformity thatis a compulsory registration schemewhere LED and LED luminaries arecovered Shri Nayyar stressed on theneed for LED products to be madeaffordable to common man.He also sought participation formindustry in setting up nationalstandards and mentioned that IndianLED Manufacturing sector can

immensely gain through complianceof standards. Shri Nayyar assuredthat Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)in association with all stakeholderswill work together to providenecessary platform and requisitesupport in achieving the largerobjective of achieving growth withconsumer satisfaction.

Mr. R P Jhalani, Chairman, Committeeon Electronics and EngineeringGoods, PHD Chamber gave theTheme address at the InauguralSession. He said that the global LEDmarket stood at $20-billion marketand it is growing at about 30 percent CAGR. He mentioned that themarket is going to grow for the nextfive to six years and is forecasted toreach $42.7 billion by year 2020.

He further elaborated that Indian LEDMarket is one of the fastest growingindustries. He mentioned thatindustry has mainly been driven byfactors such as falling prices of LEDlights, increasing initiatives taken bythe government and rising concernswith respect to energy conservation.He also added that Indian LEDmarket is pegged around $143million (Rs 912 crore). Business isexpected to grow at a whoppingrate of 47.3 % between now and2018 to touch $1.3 billion (8298crore).

Mr. Jhalani suggested the govern-ment to promote the technology inrural areas where the concept of LEDlighting has not completely set in.He mentioned that it would alsoaugur well with the private manufac-turers which can cater to thedemand for energy efficient lightingand thus a win –win scenario.

Mr. Vivek Seigell, Director, PHDChamber presented the Vote ofThanks and thanked Dr. Ajay Kumar,Additional Secretary, Department ofElectronics and InformationTechnology (DEITY), Ministry ofCommunication and IT, Governmentof India for his encouraging wordswith special reference to theAnnouncement of ElectronicsDevelopment Fund (EDF) whichcould be in excess of Rs 10,000Crores. He said that EDF would helpin increasing investments in theelectronics sector. He also

Left to Right: Mr. Alok B Shriram, President, PHD Chamber presenting a memento to Dr.Ajay Kumar, Additional Secretary, Department of Electronics and Information Technology(DEITY), Ministry of Communications and IT, Government of India during the InauguralSession


congratulated Dr. Ajay Kumar forattracting 1,10, 000 crore ofinvestments through M-SIPS schemeof DEITY and expressed hope thatDEITY would attract more invest-ments through M-SIPS in the next 5years.

Mr. Seigell thanked Shri D KNayyar,Deputy Director General –Standards, Bureau of IndianStandards for providing inputs onthe importance of standardizationtoday’s scenario with respect toLEDs and how Bureau of IndianStandards can play an active role inthe sector.

He also hoped that the conferencewould dwell upon issues related todomestic manufacturing of LEDs inIndia and the industry should try andwork towards these solutions inorder to promote and encouragemanufacturing of LEDs in Indiaespecially in the rural markets.Plenary Session

The Plenary Session was moderatedby Mr. R .P Jhalani, Chairman,Committee on Electronics andEngineering Goods, PHD Chamber.

Other eminent speakers included Dr.Ashok Kumar, Energy Economist,Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE);Mr.Rakesh Saraf,ManagingDirector,Infodrive India;Mr. P KSood,Chairman,Regnant EnergySolutions; Dr. Gautam Brahmbhatt,Head- Appliance, Lighting and Solar,Electrical Research DevelopmentAssociation (ERDA),Vadodara; Mr.Sandeep Garg,Chief TechnicalSpecialist – Energy Efficiency Centre,Small Industries Development Bankof India(SIDBI) and Dr. RajivKapoor,Professor and HOD,Department of Electronics andCommunication Engineering, DelhiTechnological University(DTU). Mr.Rakesh Saraf, Managing Director,Infodrive India Private Limitedelaborated on the statistics of theLED Market. He expressed concernon the rising imports of LEDproducts in India.Mr. Saraf men-tioned that main source of LEDimports was from China with awhopping share of 84% followedby South Korea and Hong Kongwith and 5.43 % and 2.4 %respectively. He was optimistic thatin future there exists a huge

possibility for Import substitutionand boosting exports by enhancingdomestic manufacturing capabilities,infrastructure, marketing & sales ecoSystem, Industry friendly Taxationand legal compliances.

Mr. P K Sood, Chairman, RegnantEnergy Solutions stressed on theadvantages of India like demo-graphic dividend with 65% ofpopulation under age of 35.Hepointed out that if utilized it canpropel India to a ‘ManufacturingHub’.Mr. Sood said that in order topromote energy efficient LEDTechnology fiscal benefits need tobe provided like Lower Excise Duty,VAT and accelerated depreciationwhich will result in huge powersavings for the country. He said thatthe Chinese Government hassucceeded to promote LEDs bygiving subsidies.Mr. Sood alsosuggested that product standardsdevelopment and implementationmust be fast tracked as it wouldhelp the local industry and con-sumer.

Mr. Sandeep Garg, Chief TechnicalSpecialist – Energy Efficiency Centre,Small Industries Development Bankof India (SIDBI) focused on financingof LED Manufacturing in India. Hesaid that MSMEs are vital fordevelopment of a country as itproduces 45% of the total industrialmanufacturing output and has ashare of 40 % in the IndianExports.Mr. Garg said that SIDBI hasundertaken attractive schemes andhas entered into partnership withBureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) topromote cleaner and EnergyEfficient investments in the MSMEsector. He mentioned a new modellaunched by SIDBI called the 4E(End to End Energy EnergyEfficiency) Solutions. Explaining themodel he said that it would helpMSME units to adopt energyefficient practices with the help of• Detailed Energy Audit(DEA)• Measurement and Verification forquantifying actual savings

Mr. Sandeep Garg mentioned thatLED technology has a major role toplay for the benefits of 4E Model toreach MSME units and estimated thataround 3000 MSME units will benefitfrom this model. Dr. Ashok Kumar,Energy Economist, Bureau of Energy

Efficiency (BEE) elaborated on theimportant role of BEE in promotingthe use of LED and Energy EfficientTechnology. He said that Lightingconsumes 18% of power in India asagainst 8-10 % in DevelopedCountries. He explained that the LEDMarket is set to grow exponentiallyin the coming decades and will bemost sought after source ofelectricity in India.Dr. Ashok Kumarmentioned the initiatives carried outby Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)including the LED Village campaignto replace existing incandescentbulbs of households and streetlightsin a village with LEDs. Also amongthe recently launched initiatives ofBEE Dr. Kumar told about the StarLabeling Program for LED Lamps validfrom 6th July 2015 till 31st Decem-ber 2018.Explaining the initiative hesaid that the basic idea was toincrease the consumer awarenesswith respect to the energy efficiencyrating of LED lamp.

Dr. Rajiv Kapoor, Professor andHOD,Department of Electronics andCommunication Engineering, DelhiTechnological University(DTU)rooted for Industry–AcademiaCollaboration for boosting Manufac-turing in India.He said that thereshould be continuous interactionbetween the small scale industryand academia to promote innova-tion. He added that instead ofspending crores of money, smallprojects like in the range of Rs 5-10lakh should be pursued withpartnership of academic institutions.He cited examples of institutionswhich are doing excellent research

for industries. He said that the ‘SkillIndia’ Initiative launched theGovernment is a good step andmore innovative designs andproducts would come up in thefield of electronics.Dr. Kapoor alsosuggested that indigenization ofElectronics equipment/productsmust be done for the IndianElectronics Industry.

Dr. Gautam Brahmbhatt, Head-Appliance, Solar and Lighting,Electricty Research DevelopmentAssociation, Vadodara focused onthe Importance of Testing andConformance. He said LEDtechnology has developed intenselyover the last few years is a subject ofintense research and development.He said that LED luminaires are ofgreater significance today in thecontext of need for electrical energyconservation, longer life, andpollution control world over.Dr.Brahmbhatt added that the market isflooded with number of innovativeLED luminaires, hence qualityconformance and standardizationbecomes extremely important. Hefurther elaborated on the safety,performance requirements for LEDluminaires, Controlgears and SelfBallasted LED Lamps.

The Association Partners for theConference were Indian Society ofLighting Engineers(ISLE) andLEDMA(LED ManufacturersAssociation).Media Partners for theConference were Electronics MakerMagazine,EFY Group, LED World andLight Express Magazine.

Left to Right:Mr. Rakesh Saraf,Managing Director,Infodrive India;Dr. RajivKapoor,Professor and HOD,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Delhi Technological University;Dr. Ashok Kumar, Energy Economist, Bureau of EnergyEfficiency(BEE);Mr. P K Sood,Chairman,Regnant Energy Solutions;Mr. R PJhalani,Chairman,Committee on Electronics and Engineering Goods, PHD Chamber;Mr.Sandeep Garg,Chief Technical Specialist – Energy Efficiency Centre, Small IndustriesDevelopment Bank of India(SIDBI);Dr. Gautam Brahmbhatt, Head –Appliance, Solar andLighting, Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA) Vadodara and Mr.Vivek Seigell,Director,PHD Chamber during the Plenary Session


Established almost twodecades ago, Dussmann dasKulturKaufhaus in Berlin is now

in the process of upgrading its in-store design experience. At theheart of its modernised concept is anew lighting system with advancedERCO LED lighting tools.

Describing itself as a departmentstore selling culture, Dussmann dasKulturKaufhaus on Berlin’sFriedrichstraße has become aninstitution of sorts – firmly estab-lished as a fixture in the city’s culturallandscape, it is, as well, a populardestination for shoppers. Openedin 1997 the store boasts a wide arrayof books, CDs, DVDs and sheetmusic on around 7,000sqm dividedover five floors. Unaffected by thecurrent trend in retail business, theKulturKaufhaus is proud of a goodgrowth rate, encouraging itsmanagement to decide that the timehad come to upgrade the store’sinterior. Light was to be central to thenew concept.

As planning got under way in 2013,several lighting suppliers wereinvited to present their designsolution on site in a mock-up. In theend, it was the quality and guaran-teed longevity of ERCO luminaires,as well as their quick availability ifever substitutes were needed, thattipped the scales in favour of ERCO.The significant investment costswould easily be compensated bythe efficiency of the ERCO lightingsolution, explains Julia Claren,Managing Director of theKulturKaufhaus.

Read-intensive merchandise – achallenge for the lighting conceptThe refurbishment of Dussmann dasKulturKaufhaus provided a challengethat required creativity and gave riseto a differentiated lighting concept.Her main concern, says Julia Claren,was to use light to create a pleasantambience for customers and staff,

but also to prioritise the presentationof merchandise on the shop floor.Books and CDs, she explains, areproducts that shoppers like toexamine and this must be possiblewithout tiring influences. The rightsetting ensures that customers findwhat they need easily and feelwelcome to browse. A criticalaspect, therefore, was optimisedvisual comfort to facilitate reading,requiring light that offers precisecolour rendering, efficient glarecontrol and a consistent colourtemperature. Ms. Claren also wantedthe light in the store to subdivide theextensive space by definingseparate zones that facilitateorientation and create hierarchies ofattention.

With this in mind, the lightingconcept was based on verticalilluminance to achieve optimalillumination of the considerable shelfspace. Dynamic accent lighting withefficient ERCO spot and oval flooddistribution sets off individual zonesand merchandise displays. Allthroughout the store, the conceptdeploys just three luminaire ranges:Light Board and Logotec as well asQuintessence downlights. Eachluminaire emits a pleasant, warmwhite light.

A quantum leap: From monotonouslight to perception-orientatedillumination

The new lighting solution atDussmann das KulturKaufhaus isclearly a huge step forward, as thetemporary, parallel operation of oldand new lighting systems revealedduring the renovation project. In itsprevious design, the KulturKaufhaushad followed the principle ofbrightness at all cost, resulting indiffuse and insufficiently differenti-ated light that failed to set off thediversity of products in all theirdetail. The new concept, mean-while, enables a controlled use of

light, illuminating only and precisely the target surfaces with optimisedilluminance levels as well as superior light quality. As well as demonstratingonce more the power of light to draw attention instinctively onto theproducts, the meticulously aimed light contributes to a pleasant, almosthomely atmosphere in the upgraded store.

Julia Claren insists that her expectations in regard to the new results havebeen “met to the fullest extent”. Once the renovations are finished, sheadds, “I believe we will be the first department store in Germany tocomplete the migration to LED technology.” A pioneering role that leavesDussmann das KulturKaufhaus with a sense of achievement, and rightly so.

About ERCOThe ERCO Light Factory in the German town of Lüdenscheid is a leadinginternational specialist in architectural lighting using LED technology. Thefamily business, founded in 1934, now operates as a global player withindependent sales organisations and partners in 55 countries worldwide.Since 2015 ERCO’s portfolio has been 100% LED. Inspired by “light digital”as its leitmotif, ERCO in Lüdenscheid develops, designs and produces digitalluminaires with focus on photometrics, electronics and design. Workingclosely with architects, lighting designers and engineers, ERCO developslighting tools used primarily for applications in the following fields: Work,Shop, Culture, Community, Hospitality, Living, Public and Contemplation.ERCO understands digital light as the fourth dimension of architecture –providing highly precise and efficient lighting solutions to support creativedesigners in turning their visions into reality.

Brilliant, masterful and efficient – the relightingof Dussmann das KulturKaufhaus in Berlin


In light of climate change andincreasingly scarce resources, theenergy-efficient operation of

buildings is gaining in importance.Essential requirements for this are anenergy-efficient architectural design,an insulated building exterior andmodern installation engineering witha high level of efficiency. Ultimately,the consumption of energy for

lighting, heating and coolingdepends on both the building useand user behaviour. These areindefinite factors for determining thelevel of consumption which canscarcely be met using conventionalmethods.

However, with a dynamic manage-ment system, the energy usage canbe optimally matched to demandduring operation. Building automa-tion with KNX offers the bestpreconditions for this. It ensures theeconomical use of energy and thusincreases the energy efficiency ofthe building.

Bus devices regulate and control thegenerated heating and coolingcapacity in line with demand.Lighting installations are operatedmore efficiently using sensors andtimer programs. The integratedautomation system spans all thetrades and also enables links withdaylight systems, sun protectionsystems, ventilation flaps and othersystems whereby further energy-

saving potentials can be exploited.Intelligent capture of consumptiondata (Smart Metering) as well ascoupling with intelligent networks(Smart Grid) opens up newpossibilities for further optimisationand increased energy efficiencyboth today and in the future.

Since the building system technol-ogy is available for the electricalinstallation, KNX functions guaranteesavings in energy costs for artificiallighting, heating, air conditioning andventilation systems as well as otherloads. With the further developmentof the system which has alreadybeen in existence for 20 years, theopen- and closed-looped controlsystems have been refined and thusincreasingly better results areachieved.

Nowadays, the savings rates thathave been achieved in practice areup to 60 percent and more for thelighting while up to 50 percent ispossible for individual room controlas a practical study shows. Of

course these types of comparisonsassume a connection to conven-tional methods. In the case ofrenovations in which the buildinghas been improved in terms of itsenergy efficiency and the installationengineering has been modernised,the control technology contributesto the efficiency gain by at least 5 to20 percent.

As often occurs in practice, ifoptimisation of the energy con-sumption has only been carried outsome time after the initial occupationof the building and after experienc-ing day-to-day operations, theconcrete results are persuasive.

RAPID AMORTISATION

In the case of at least two projects,direct investment costs foroptimising the energy flow areamazingly low compared to theresults. An amortisation was carriedout immediately. This is linked to theintegrated approach and multipleuse of the system. Building

KNX automation makes buildings moreefficient

Adapt thedemand forheating,cooling andlighting


automation with KNX offers all kindsof benefits: a flexible electricalinstallation for changes of use andextensions, more efficiency in themanagement and maintenance ofthe building, increased security formaterial assets and people, a higherlevel of comfort and well-being inthe workplace, both in public andresidential buildings.

The management of energy savingsis therefore only one of these. Thetotal investment costs are thusspread across many benefits. Oncethe installations and functions havebeen integrated, further reductionsin the energy consumption canoften be achieved simply throughprogramming, without the need foradditional hardware and installations.

In the projects that have been putforward, almost all of them featurepossible savings measures with KNXwhich often simultaneously servecomfort, safety and economicaloperational flow.

Switching off and dimming

Saving energy means switching thelight off when you don’t need it.This sounds so simple but it is rarelyachieved in practice in moreextensive buildings with largenumbers of people coming andgoing.

In office buildings, schools,factories, warehouses, hotels, carparks and many other buildings,artificial lighting is left switched onfor many reasons. In the case ofbuilding automation with KNX, theduty cycle can for example be

adapted to the actual lightingrequirement with the help of a timerprogram. This measure alone canachieve high savings which can befurther optimised depending on theroom use and building type, forexample through using daylight andautomatic cutoff when there issufficient external brightness.

A further enhancement of theautomation is constant lightingcontrol which guarantees acomfortable lux value at theworkplace through optimum use ofdaylight.

Presence-dependent and thusaccurate demand-based controlsystems areincreasingly beingapplied – ideal forstaircases,corridors or otherspontaneouslyused areas of thebuilding. Lightswith presencedetectors can alsobe operated withincreased energyefficiency inoffices, schoolsetc.

They thenbecome elementsof the roomautomation, areintegrated with theblinds, roomtemperaturecontrol andventilation andthus offer multiplebenefits.

Regulating the heating andcooling

Electronic individual room tempera-ture control promises a clear savingpotential. It is therefore the mostefficient method of using the heatingand cooling energy generated viathe heating system or air condition-ing system. Demand-based energyuse can be achieved via a timerprogram with a temperature profileor even via the presence signal.

As the temperature variables of allthe rooms are available centrallythroughout the KNX system, heatingand cooling energy can begenerated according to demand

and with a high level of efficiency.

In modern, purpose-built buildingswith glass facades, fully-automaticsun protection systems areindispensable. Their primary tasks areshading and cooling to ensure thewell-being of the people in thebuilding. As these are likewisecontrolled with KNX, additionalfunctions for improving the energyefficiency are provided in combina-tion with room temperature controland lighting control.

For example: daylight redirection,use of solar energy in winter andautomatic night cooling in thesummer.


www.siemens.com/ip-control-center

The worldwidestandard forhome andbuilding control

Highlights

■ Ease of operation thanks to full-graphic and individually configurable user interface

■ Convenient remote control via web-compatible end devices such as tablets or smart phones

■ Straightforward and intuitive engineering via web editor without additional software

■ Cost benefit thanks to built- in commissioning interface to KNX plants

■ Reduced effort owing to remote maintenance and remote commissioning

Web visualization for display and operation of KNX plants IP Control Center – control of lighting, solar protection, heating, ventilation and air conditioning via web-compatible end devices

Ease of operation thanks to straight-forward, full-graphic visualizationThe IP Control Center is a visualization controller of compact design. It features a freely configurable user interface, offer-ing intuitive operation and display of KNX devices. Lighting, solar protection, heat-ing, ventilation and air conditioning can be displayed via web-compatible end devices such as PCs, laptops, smart phones or tab-lets – matched to user profiles with differ-ent access authorities. To handle compre-hensive building and room functions, up to 1250 KNX objects are available. In addi-tion, there are powerful application mod-ules for scene control, scheduler programs, alarm reporting and logic functions for use in connection with central control. These modules can be easily matched to holiday schedules, user needs, occupancy times, etc., and can be changed at any time.

Web editor for flexible and intuitive engineeringEngineering is straightforward via ETS and the web editor, which is preinstalled for display by any browser. So, no extra software is required. Using the web editor, a wide choice of symbols and operating elements can be arranged per drag-and-drop. The user interface can be configured to meet individual needs by embedding own elements or elements provided by an extensive library. There is a choice of six different styles.

Efficient maintenance and commissioning via KNX interfaceThe built-in KNX interface facilitates com-missioning of KNX plant. Using an extra router, KNX plant can be maintained from a remote location.

Structured Design Process

To achieve the best overall outcomein a lighting installation, it is importantto avoid the tendency of rushingstraight into luminaire selectionbefore determining more broadlywhat is required from the system.The use of a structured designprocess helps to avoid this.

The key steps in the design processare:

Identify the requirementsDetermine the method of lightingSelect the lighting equipmentCalculate the lighting parametersand adjust the design as requiredDetermine the control systemChoice of luminaireInspect the installation uponcompletion(and if possible, a few months afteroccupation, to determine whatworked and what didn’t. This is theonly way to build up experience to

apply to future designs)The five initial stages are consideredin more detail in the following lines.

1. IDENTIFYING THEREQUIREMENTS

This involves gaining a full under-standing of what the lightinginstallation is intended to achieve.This includes the following:

IlluminanceGlareMood of the spaceRelation to shape of spaceThings to be emphasisedThings to hideDirection of lightInteraction of daylight

2. DETERMINE THE METHOD OFLIGHTING

At this stage, consideration is givento how the light is to be delivered,

e.g. will it be recessed, surfacemounted, direct or indirect, or willup-lighting be used, and its primarycharacteristics, e.g. will it beprismatic, low brightness or mellowlight.

Consideration should be given atthis stage to the use of daylight tominimise the need for artificial light.

3. SELECT THE LIGHTINGEQUIPMENT

Once the method of lighting hasbeen selected, the most appropri-ate light source can then be chosenfollowed by the luminaire.

The following attributes should bestudied when choosing the lightsource:

Light output (lumens)Total input wattageEfficacy (lumens per Watt)Lifetime

Physical sizeSurface brightness / glareColour characteristicsElectrical characteristicsRequirement for control gearCompatibility with existingelectrical systemSuitability for the operatingenvironment

A number of factors also affectluminaire choice:

Characteristics of the light sourceand control gearLuminaire efficiency (% lamp lightoutput transmitted out of the fixture)Light distributionGlare controlFinish and appearanceSizeAccessibility of components formaintenanceAbility to handle adverseoperating conditionsAestheticsThermal management

Key Steps In Lighting Design Process


4. CALCULATE THE LIGHTINGPARAMETERS

Lighting calculation methods fall intothree broad categories:

Manual calculation methodsThree dimensional modellingVisualisationPhotometric data for light sourcesand luminaires is commerciallyavailable to contribute to thesecalculations.

4.1 MANUAL CALCULATIONMETHODS

There are a wide range of manualcomputation methods for thecalculation of different lightingaspects. These include complexmethods for calculating theilluminance from a wide variety ofshapes of luminous objects. Themajority of these have now beensuperseded by computer programs(check our free software).

The Lumen Method was themainstay for interior lighting and hasremained in use as a quick andrelatively accurate method ofcalculating interior illuminance.

The Lumen Method calculates theaverage illuminance at a specific levelin the space, including an allowancefor the light reflected from theinterior surfaces of the room. Thecalculation method has a set ofassumptions that, if followed, givesa reasonable visual environment.Inadequate attention to theassumptions will produce poorresults.

The basic assumptions are:

All the luminaires in the room are thesame and have the same orientationThe luminaires do not have adirectional distribution and areaimed directly to the floorThe luminaires are arranged in auniform array on the ceiling and havethe same mounting heightThe luminaires are spaced less thanthe maximum spacing to mountingheight ratio nominated in thecoefficient of utilisation tables

The average illuminance producedby a lighting installation, or the

number of luminaires required toachieve a specific average illumi-nance, can be calculated by meansof utilization factors (UF), a UF beingthe ratio of the total flux received bya particular surface to the total lampflux of the installation.

5. DETERMINE THE CONTROLSYSTEM

The effectiveness and efficiency ofany lighting installation is affected asmuch by the control system as bythe light sources and fixtureschosen.

Give consideration to:

Providing multiple switches tocontrol the number of lights thatcome on at any one time. Using oneswitch to turn on all the lights in alarge room is very inefficient.

Placing switches at the exits fromrooms and using two-way switchingto encourage lights to be turned offwhen leaving the room. Using‘smart’ light switches and fittingswhich use movement sensors toturn lights on and off automatically.These are useful in rooms usedinfrequently where lights may be lefton by mistake, or for the elderly and

disabled. Make sure they have a built-in daylight sensor so that the lightdoesn’t turn on unnecessarily. Models which must be turned on manuallyand turn off automatically, but with a manual over-ride, are preferable in mostsituations. Be aware that the sensors use some power continuously, up to5W or even 10W in some cases.

Using timers, daylight controls and motion sensors to switch outdoorsecurity lights on and off automatically. controls are particularly useful forcommon areas, such as hallways, corridors and stairwells, in multi-unithousing.

Using solar powered lighting for garden and security lights

Using dimmer controls for incandescent lights (including halogens). This cansave energy and also increase bulb life. Most standard fluorescent lampscannot be dimmed, but special dimmers and lamps are available. If lamps areto be dimmed it is important to ensure that the correct equipment is used,especially when retrofitting more energy efficient lamps.

6. CHOICE OF LUMINAIRE

The performance of a luminaire should be considered just as carefully as itscost. In the long term a well designed, well constructed luminaire will becheaper than a poor quality unit; and the salient features of a good qualityluminaire are:

Sound mechanical and electrical construction and a durable finishAdequate screening of high luminance lamps to minimise discomfort andglare

Adequate heat dissipation to prevent over-heating of the lamp, wiring andancillary equipment

High light output ratio with the appropriate light distributionEase of installation, cleaning and maintenance


1. LIGHTING CONTROLS

Lights can be shut off during non-working hours by automatic controls, suchas occupancy sensors which turn off lights when a space becomesunoccupied. Manual controls can also be used in addition to automaticcontrols to save additional energy in smaller areas. The payback period forlighting control systems is generally less than 2 years.

2. REPLACE T-12 TUBES BY T-8 TUBES

In industry, typically T-12 tubes have been used. T-12 refers to the diameterin 1/8 inch increments (T-12 means 12/8 inch or 3.8 cm diameter tubes). Theinitial output for these lights is high, but energy consumption is also high.

3. REPLACE MERCURY LIGHTS WITH METAL HALIDE OR HIGHPRESSURE SODIUM LIGHTS

Where color rendition is critical, metal halide lamps can replace mercury or

fluorescent lamps with an energysavings of 50%. Where colorrendition is not critical, high pressuresodium lamps offer energy savingsof 50 to 60% compared to mercurylamps.

4. REPLACE METAL HALIDE(HID) WITH HIGH-INTENSITYFLUORESCENT LIGHTS

Traditional HID lighting can bereplaced with high-intensityfluorescent (HIF) lighting. These newsystems incorporate high-efficiencyfluorescent lamps, electronic ballastsand high-efficacy fixtures that

maximize output to the work place.

Advantages to the new systemare:

They have lower energyconsumption,Lower lumendepreciation over the lifetime of thelamp,Better dimming options,Faster start-up,Better color rendition,Higher pupil lumens ratings andless glare.

High-intensity fluorescent systemsyield 50% electricity savings over

Energy-Efficiency Improvement OpportunitiesIn Lighting System


standard HIDs. Dimming controlsthat are impractical in the HIDs canalso save significant amounts ofenergy. Retrofitted systems costabout $185 per fixture, includinginstallation costs.

In addition to energy savings andbetter lighting qualities, high-intensityfluorescents can help to reducemaintenance costs.

5. REPLACE MAGNETICBALLASTS WITH ELECTRONICBALLASTS

A ballast is a mechanism thatregulates the amount of electricityrequired to start a lighting fixture andmaintain a steady output of light.

Electronic ballasts save 12 – 25% ofelectricity use compared tomagnetic ballast.

6. OPTIMIZATION OF PLANTLIGHTING (LUX OPTIMIZATION)

In production and non-productiondepartments

In many plants the lighting system isnot specifically designed for theprocess. There are lux standards foreach type of textile process.

For instance, the required lux forweaving is usually higher than that ofwet-processing. Even within justone production process, therequired lux varies by the processstep.

For example, in a cotton spinningprocess, the required lux in theblow room should be much lowerthan that of ring frame section. If thelighting provided is higher than thestandard (required lux) for any partof the production, this results in awaste of electricity.

Therefore, the plant engineersshould optimize the lighting systembased on the standard lux specificfor each process step.

7. OPTIMUM USE OF NATURALSUNLIGHT

Many plants do not use naturalsunlight to an optimum level. Inaddition to optimizing the size ofthe windows, transparent sheetscan be installed at the roof in orderto allow more sunlight to penetrateinto the production area.

This can reduce the need for lightingduring the day.


The White House BetterBuildings Challenge has savedparticipants more than $1

billion in just two years, according toa recent review of the program.

More than 250 partners have signedon to the challenge, which calls for a20 percent energy reduction over10 years.

The program launched in 2011 andhad more than 7,000 buildingsparticipating in 2012. In 2014, thatfigure more rose to 32,000buildings, with an energy costsavings of $840 million last yearalone.

Last month, the U.S. Department ofEnergy released the Better BuildingsSolution Center, a tool to helporganizations find energy-efficiencysolutions by topic, building type,location and more. Just as impor-tant, there is also information aboutfinancing options for efficiencyupgrades.

The program has attracted local andstate governments, as well asschools and a wide range ofcorporations. The initial success of

the Better Buildings Challengehighlights a larger trend in energyefficiency that is increasingly market-driven, rather than simply govern-ment-mandated.

Noesis, a startup that helps financeenergy efficiency projects using ashared savings model, counts Ohioas one of the top five states wherethe firm is doing business. Last year,Ohio put a legislative freeze on thestate’s efficiency standard, so it ishardly a current champion of energyefficiency.

But one of Noesis’ key partners,Trane, has a significant presence inOhio, which has helped drive about11 percent of the projects Noesishas completed. “Policy helps,benchmarking helps,” said JoshDuncan, VP of product managementat Noesis. “But the access tofinancing has been more lucrativethan any piece of policy.”

Noesis has found that even for thelow-hanging fruit, the investment canbe substantial. The average lightingproject through Noesis has beenover $200,000, and there is anincreasing trend to look at other

controls that can be embeddedduring the lighting upgrade. “That’san early trend,” said Duncan, butcertainly where the market isheaded, if this year’s LightfairInternational was any indication.

Noesis has found that lightingcontrols have an average 41 percentrate of return, but building automa-tion and controls have an evenhigher rate, nearly 44 percent.Lighting, however, accounts for 72percent of the firm's projectportfolio, compared to just 7percent for building automation orcontrols.

Duncan expects that to changequickly in coming years with thetrend toward bundled projects ascontractors and financing institutionsget savvier about paybacks fordeeper efficiency projects. Buildingscontrol also might not mean a fullbuilding energy managementsystem, but rather just some sensorsadded into the lights.

Financing may be opening upmarkets, but as Duncan noted,policy does help. California, withsome of the strictest efficiency

The Better Buildings Challenge HasSaved $1B in Energy Costs

mandates in the nation, is thelocation of 40 percent of Noesis'projects. Many of the participants inthe Better Buildings Challenge aredriven by internal sustainability goals,whether they’re corporations orgovernments.

On a municipal and state scale,energy benchmarking and auditingrules are helping to drive awarenessof efficiency and boost localeconomies -- and not just in theusual coastal locales. Benchmarkinglaws are expanding in the Midwest,with Kansas City joining Chicago andMinneapolis earlier this month. TheSouth is getting in on the action aswell, with Atlanta becoming the firstSouthern city to adoptbenchmarking earlier this year.

“Atlanta is paving the way for othercities to take advantage of thesignificant environmental andeconomic benefits that come withmaking city skylines more energyefficient,” Melissa Wright, director ofthe City Energy Project at NRDC, saidin a statement. “This ordinance istailor-made for Atlanta, taking bestpractices from other cities andrefining them to meet local needs.”


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