November 2018

Author:Laura ColiniUIA Expert

The B-MINCOME project Journal N° 3

Project led by the city of Barcelona

URBANPOVERTY

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The B-MINCOME project

The B-MINCOME project will tackle poverty and social inequality concentrated in nine neighbourhoods in the north-eastern part of the city. The area has a disengaged population with low income, high unemployment and early school leaving  rates.  Through  the  deployment  of  participation  and  empowerment activities  and  the  design  of  randomised  controlled  trials,  the  project  will  test the  impact  of  different  typologies  of  Guaranteed  Minimum  Income  (GMI). Ethnographic research will help to understand motivations, values, and narratives of the target groups but also to gain insight on how they experience the change of receiving GMI, and its subsequent impact. The findings will be used to prototype different models of GMI  (including a system  for  a local digital  currency)  and  to define and implement modular services (health, education, employment) along with empowerment  initiatives for the different categories of recipients. Beyond the formal partnership, the project brings together a large group of stakeholders including municipal institutes for education and social services, the metropolitan and regional governments as well as the Chamber of Commerce.

Partnership

•  Ajuntament de Barcelona

•  The Young Foundation - Think Thank

•  IVALUA. Catalan Institute of Public Policy Evaluation  - Research centre

•  Autonomous University of Barcelona. IGOP. Institute of Governance and Public Policies - University

•  UPC. Polytechnic University of Catalonia - University

•  NOVA. Center for Social Innovation - NGO

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Table of Contents

1. ExecutiveSummary 4

2. Activepolicy1.Meetingtheprojects 6

2.1 SkillsandjobsabouthealthynutritioninSanMartidistrict 6

2.2 TrainingonRefurbishmentinSanMarti 9

2.3 HowBMINCOMElinkstrainingandjobswithregularisation ofundocumentedmigrants 11

2.4 Re-bootinglocalmarketsinNouBarris:promotion ofeconomicactivityandtrade 14

3. SocialActivePolicy1: 17

3.1 Purposeandstructure 17

3.2 Phases 18

3.3 Management&implementation 18

3.4 Stateoftheart 19

4. Conclusion 20

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1.ExecutiveSummary

TheaverageunemploymentrateintheEuropeanUnion(EU)was7.1%inApril20181 and although this issaidtobethebestratesince2008crisis,countries such as Spain are still ranking highon unemployment: Spain (14,9% in September2018)2.InthecaseofCatalunatheunemploymentratefellfrom11.39%to10.63%inthethirdquarterof2018whichmeansthatCatalunaisleadinginthefallofunemploymentinSpainalsothankstoBarcelona, themost thriving city in the region,wheretheaverageofunemploymentissensiblylower,comparedtothenationalaverage,ranking8,48%.However,thecityisstillverydividedwithsomeneighbourhoodssteadilyremainingpocketsof poverties where the level of unemploymentreachesorsupersedethenationalrate.Theareaof Eix Besoswhere BMINCOME EUUIA pilot isimplemented,isamongthemostdeprived.

The challenge faced by the Municipality ofBarcelona, as for many other European cities,is to make sure that such socio-economicdisparities, more soaring and visible in certainneighbourhoods,areaddressedanddealtinawaythattheydonotreproducethemselvesinotherpartsof town.For this reason, theMunicipalityofBarcelonahasimplementedaseriesofactionscity-wide fighting social inequalities to whichBMINCOME is contributing to for the abovementionedareas.

TheBMINCOMEpilotwhichcombinesguaranteedminimumincomeasMunicipalInclusionSupport(SMI)withactivesocialandemploymentinclusionpoliciesintenneighbourhoodsoftheEixBesos3 is at its second year of implementation. Theactive social policies are four: Policy 1: Trainingprogramme and Employment Plans; Policy 2:PromotingtheSocial,SolidarityandCooperativeEconomy;Policy3Housinggrantsandsubsidiesfor renting out rooms and Policy 4 Communityparticipation.

Policy 1 is advancing full speed, and showingpositive outcomes proving trainings and ayearcontract to 130 people former long termunemployed4, through neighbourhood basedprojects.ThelengthofthesecontractssignedwiththeparticipationofBarcelonaActiva,thepublicorganisation responsible for boosting economicpolicies and local development, has allowedto regularise the status of 22 undocumentedmigrantswiththecollaborationofSAIER(ServiceCentreForImmigrants,EmigrantsAndRefugees)and other organisations. The success of thisapproachlaysinthecapacitytodesign,manageandimplement22smallscaleprojectsoftrainingforskillsandjobsopportunitiesmeasuredontheneeds of the neighbourhoods. These results from apeer-to peer and collaborative governancesystem, linking theDepartmentof StrategyandInnovation at Barcelona City Council’s Area ofSocialRightstogetherBarcelonaActiva,Consorci

1 https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8939932/3-31052018-AP-EN.pdf/a5d2c7ec-01c3-4cf8-ba33-a2ccadd91b932 https://datosmacro.expansion.com/paro3 CiutatMeridiana,Vallbona,TorreBaro,Roquetes,TrinitatNova,TrinitatVella,BarodeViver,BonPastor,Verneda-LaPauandBe-

sos-Maresme

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d’Educacio de Barcelona, NGOs and othersMunicipalitydepartment.

The policy is divided into six thematic axis,within which there are the 22 projects (calledlots)managedbycontractedNGO.Thethematicaxisare:(a)Refurbishmentandmaintenance;b)environmentandsustainability;c)promotionofeconomicactivityandtrade;d)Leisure,dynamismand coexistence; e) Nutrition f) Nutrition andcommunity health. The Axis are selected bythemunicipality as key for the socio-economicdevelopment of the neighbourhoods located inthe3districtsofEixBesos.

This Journal respond to the question ofexplaining the structure of Active Social Policy1 while narrating, as personal account, theimplementationontheground.Inthefirstpart,the Journal report four diaries based on theencounterswithsocialworkersandbeneficiariesofthreeofthesixthematicaxis.Thesecondpartwill focusondescribing theActive Social Policy1structure,theprocessesandactorsinvolvedinthedesignand implementation,and its currentstateofadvancement.Someconsiderationswillconstitutetheclosingremarks.

4 DatafrominterviewstoPereSalaMedico,Policy1teamAyuntamientodeBarcelona,October2018

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2. Activepolicy1.Meetingtheprojects

2.1 SkillsandjobsabouthealthynutritioninSanMartidistrict

Ameetingatneighbourhoodcenterinthedistrictof SanMartimeans arriving to apart of town,outside the tourist beaten tracks of Barcelona.Thecenter is locatedonalongroad,PasseigdelaVerneda:onone sidemulti-storey residentialbricksbuildingsandontheothersidealongwallwith scratched murals hiding the railway-linecutting the residential area from the PoligonoIndustrial de Montsolis. We are in Trajana:housing,greeneries,adesertedplayground,largeparkinglots,silentroadsandtheneighbourhoodcenterstillclosed.Tooearly.MyappointmentiswithFundacioFutur,theNGOcontractedbytheMunicipality to manage the Policy 1 ThematicAxisNutritioninthedistrictsofSantAndreuandSanMarti.

While waiting for the social workers to arrive,Ihappentodropbyatthelocalbaratthecorner.

Luis is the owner, showing proudly behind thecounter theposterof his 8 yearold son as theboxer,the“rockygitano”.Theneighbourhood isinhabited by gitanos families who lived in this

areaforgenerations.Tworegularcustomerssaythattheyareastrongandtiedcommunityunitedby the evangelist church down the roadwheretheypray2hoursadaybecause“weloveChrist”.

The policy 1 thematic axis on nutrition is about guaranteeing the coverage of nutritional and nutritional needs for vulnerable people with access difficulties (households, the elderly, children, etc.) by supporting the resources in the territory in the distribution of food and meals, home deliveries, awareness raising activities and socialization workshops.The thematic axis covers the areas of Sant Andreu and Sant Marti, with foreseen 5 beneficiaries per area and it is managed by the Fundaciò Futura

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ThecenterisnowopenandthereImeetR.andL.working in thehealthy foodsocialpolicyaxisin the neighbourhood of San Marti, togetherwithElisabetandChristinasocialworkersoftheNGOFundacioFutur5.ThisAxisismeanttotrainandemploy5peopleinSanMartiandthesameamountinSanAndreu.TheSanMarti,inrealityhas only three out of five beneficiaries (twoothersmay joinonalater stage), amongwhichR.andL..Theyarebothstrongandlivelywomen,bothmotherof three,both longtimeresidentsinSanMartiwheretheyspentthe lastyearsasunemployed. Afamily-run business that madethemworkinginthepastvendingclothesattheopenairmarketdidnotsufficetofeedthewholefamily anymore. “People do not buy clothesanymoreatthemarket,theypreferchainsshops,it ischeaper”.RandLaregitanos,theyspeakat

homealanguagetheywouldneverdaretospeaktogagè,“weneedtokeepitsecretsoyouwillnotunderstandus”.

RandLhavebeenselectedamongtheparticipantsto BMINCOME to join policy1. L. joined thetraining from the beginning since Spring 2018.The training was about learning the basic ofhealthy nutrition, the meaning of proteins,enzymes and what it means having abalancedand healthy diet. In parallel the participantshave classes of Castilliano and Catalan, whenappropriate,informaticsandsometimebasicsofmathematics.

R.receivedaletterathomefromtheMunicipalityof Barcelona inviting her family to joinaneighbourhood meeting where BMINCOMEwas first introduced to the local population.

5 https://www.futur.cat

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Socialworkersknowntoher,encourageR.tojointheprojectandsoshedid.

L. has access to BMINCOME with the optionConditioned, namely with the obligation toattendtoat least80%of thetrainingtime,andR. with the option “Non conditioned”, namelywithnoobligationforparticipation;despitethatsheremarksthatevenifnotobligedbythe“non-conditioned” option she really wants to followeverythingisoffered“itisauniqueopportunityofferedtome”.

“it is the first time for us towork, outside ourfamilies,andweenjoythisjobverymuch,wewanttocontinue”;RandLaspartoftheBMINCOME,they receive aSMI and have one year contractwith Barcelona Active to conduct campaignsorwork in refectories in the neighbourhood intheciviccenters (Casals), in theneighbourhoodcenters of the municipalities and other publicstructures.

Theworkshopteachingabouthealthyfoodis intheCasalInfantilElDracaneighbourhoodcenterfor kids and their family. Rand Lprepare thefood,mostly fruit, and invited the kids in,whowillcut,eatandhaveasmallclassonwhyfruitsisgoodfortheirdevelopment.OtherparticipantstotheActiveSocialpolicy1onnutritionwillworkwith elderly in the neighbourhoods.

The trainingwill grant R. and L. acertificate ofparticipation;theyhavenowafulltimejobof8hours,5daysaweekincludingthetraininghoursfor a year.

“We like really like this job and we want tocontinue. It gaveus the illusionof imagining towork like this for the future, but what wouldhappenattheendoftheproject?”.

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2.2 TrainingonRefurbishmentinSanMarti

The policy 1 thematic axis on “Adjustment” is divided into two main areas about a) arrangement and maintenance of facilities, public spaces and private spaces for public use, and more in general premises of neighbourhood based associations. b)Arrangement tasks (painting and rehabilitation works) of common spaces of neighboring communities in the framework of interventions in favor of improving coexistence and local security and the creation of quality community relationshipsThe work into axis “Adjustment” covers the areas of Sant Andreu, Nou Barris and Sant Marti, managed by three local NGO namely APRISE CAT EI,Formació i Treball, Fundació Privada, Trinijova with foreseen 41 beneficiaries.

“Itallstartedwhenwehavebeencontactedbyphoneandbyletter,informingusaboutBincome”:

ThiswasthefirststepforfourbeneficiariesofthetrainingandjobmanagedbytheNGOTrinijovainSanMarti.

Ihavemetthemattheendoftheirworkingday inacentreforelderlypeople located inatranquildeadendroadinSanMarti.TheyhadspenttheirdaydoingrepaintingworkofthelivingroomandtheentranceoftheCasaldeGentJoanMaragall.

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The classes in painting and refurbishment,maintenance, security against risks at work,informatics et al. took their initial trainingtimefor aperiod of 3 months. The initial trainingprogramme is delivered by the Consorcio deEducation de Barcelona and this is preparatoryto the 1 year woking contract of 7,30 hperday,5daysaweek, intheframeofBMINCOMEwith Barcelona Activa. After the basic trainingwith the Consorcio, the Foundation Trinijovais in charge of providing andmanaging furthertraining and support. “ For example, Trinijovain charge to cover two technical modules inpainting e.g. for anti-humidity and anti-slip. Atthesametime itdeliversorsuggestsadditionaltraining, according to individual needs, inwhatwecalltransversalknowledgesuchasworkinginteam, security, family economies and planning,

language,communication,”NarcisMiranda,headofTrinijova.

“I joined theprojectbecause Isimplyneedandwanttowork!…butsomepeopledidnotbecauseatthebeginningtheydidnottrusttheprojectnotreallyunderstandingwhatwasitabout.”

The workers come from different paths of life.BorninSpain,GuineaEquatorialeral.withapastasworkers inconstructionsites,asvigilantesoractive in informal economies: all four have incommon aresidence permit in Barcelona, andyearsofunemployment.

“Withthisprojectmywholefamilybenefits:Iamfatherof5children,wearegitanostravellersandwehavebeen living7/8 yearshere in Spain, inthepastinTurkey,someothersyearsinRomania,Franceetc.Mywife isRussianandathomewe

6 “Sinpapeles”,residencestatusisirregular,astheydoneitherpossesaresidencepermitnotthepapersthatwouldprovidethemwiththepossibilityofobtainingit.[…]InSpainmostmigrantsregisterofficiallyinthePadronmunicipal(municialregistrationoffice)withanaddress,inspiteofnotbeinginpossessionofaresidenceoraworkingpermit.Assuc,defactoresidenceisprovable,anditmightevenbeheldthattherebypeopleobtainacertaindegreeos“status”intheformofanofficiallydocumentedrelationshipwiththeState.Sril,aslongassomebodyisnotinpossessionofastateissuesresidenceorworkpermit,his/hersituationremainsprecariousands/helivesinlimbo.”Jüssen,L.(2017).MigrationCitizenshipLabour:LatinAmericanWorld-MakersResistingCrisisinMadrid.Springer.

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speakmanylanguages,butweweresinpapeles6 (undocumented)inSpain.Iwascollectingmetalin the trash tomake endsmeet at home. Iamnotafraid to say it.With thisprojectmy statusin Spainhas been regularised, andnow it is alleasier: Ihaveapropercontract,healthsecurity,my children are regularised andbeside trainingforthejobIhaveclassesinCatalanandCastillantoimprovemylanguage”.7

Other beneficiaries have been unemployedfor three-four years, and the classes helpthem to learn new or improve their previousknowledge. Once amonths they have practicein different neighbourhood centres. It is theNGO, in collaboration with Barcelona Activa,

the Department of Strategy and Innovation atBarcelona City Council’s Area of Social Rightsand the local administration at district level tosuggest the places such as libraries, centre ofelderly,municipalpremiseswheretheworkersinPolicy1canexercisetheirpractices.

FormanyBMINCOMEisaproject,butforthoseontheground,itmeansanopportunityforanewstart. The four workers of Foundation Trinijovafeel privileged to be part of BIMINCOME andtheyarealready thinkingahedafter theendoftheir contract: “ one year contract is good butyoucannotplanwithit.Maybewecancontinuetoworktogetherassmallgroupormaybenot”.

2.3 HowBMINCOMElinkstrainingandjobswithregularisationofundocumentedmigrants

AtthecentreoftheFundacioFormacioiTreball,IammeetingsevenareBMINCOMEbeneficiarieswith Laura Pinebart and her two colleaguesworkingattheNGOFundacioFormacioiTreball8 . Together with NGO TriniJove, and APRISE CATEIm The FUndacio, Formacio iTrebalo arecontractedbytheMunicipalityofBarcelonaandBarcelonaActiva in theBMINCOMEfor theaxisonRefurbishment.Lauraismanagingthetrainingand job in Policy 1 for painting maintentance,repairworksandcohexistanceintheBesosarea.

The totalnumberofbeneficiaries to this lot11oftheforeseen14withacontractof1yearuntilSeptember/October 2019. They areof different

ages: the oldest mid-thirties and the youngestjust turned eighteen.

All aremen, exceptone. Coming fromGambia,Ghana, Mali, Morocco, Nigeria, Spain,their lifestories bringing them to BMINCOME are themost disparate. Somehadnopreviousworkingexperience,fewworkedintheconstructionsectoror inagricultureandothers intheblackmarketsuch as manteros (street vendors so called fortheirpracticeofspreadinggoodsonclothsheetsthe can easily be folded into amakeshift bag)9. Y.comesfromGambiaandhehasbeenlivinginSpainforthelast4years.Hearrivedillegallyandspent his first years at CEPAIM10 aSpain- widefoundationwithacentreinBarcelona.

7 theintervieweespeaksalreadyverygoodSpanishandhelpsmetounderstandhisstorytranslatingintodifferentlanguages.8 ThemissionoftheFoundationistofacilitateaccesstothelabormarketofpeopleatriskofsocialexclusionwhilemanaginganddignify-

ingthedeliveryofessentialproductstofamilieswithloweconomicresources. https://www.formacioitreball.org

9 https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/02/world/europe/spain-street-vendors-migrants.html10 CEPAIMisafoundationwithseveralcentresalloverSpain.TheCepaimpromotes“amodelofaninclusiveandinterculturalsocietythat

facilitatesfullaccesstocitizenshiprightsofthemostvulnerablepeopleinoursocietyand,especially,ofmigrants,developingpoliciestocombatanyformofsocialexclusionandcollaboratinginthedevelopmentofthelocalterritoriesandthecountriesoforiginofthemigrants”.TheCenterinBarcelonaCEPAIMprovidesseveralservicessuchastemporaryaccommodation,supporttovictimsofdiscrimi-nationandviolence,mediation.culturalactivitiesandtraining.Formoreseehttp://cepaim.org/fundacion/centros-cepaim/barcelona/

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M.,fromGhana,reachedBarcelonain2010,afterseveral trainings in theculinaryandagriculturalsector,hehadhardtimetofindajob.Whenhefinally got ajob in the outskirts of Barcelonapickingolives, it tookhimsometimetofindoutthatthiscontractwasafalseone.Thestoriesofmanyofthesebeneficiariesareoftenexpedientsand strategies in juggling between precariousjobs with short term contracts, trainings-thatdespite the good intentions are not leading toaproperworkingpositions-,informaleconomiesandblackmarket.

All of them in this project, except two peoplewere undocumented migrants, Sans Papeles11: Spain’simmigrationmanagementpolicyisbasedonavisasystem12,exceptincasesofimmigrantscoming from countries with which Spain hasbilateral agreements or from European UnionMemberStates13.

They all registered their domicile in Barcelonabut they do not have apermit to work; and iftheydonothaveajob theyarenotentitled tobe regularised long term, namely to exit theprecariousconditionofbeinganundocumented

11 seenotesonSendpapelesJüssen,L.(2017).MigrationCitizenshipLabour:LatinAmericanWorld-MakersResistingCrisisinMadrid.Springer.

12 [OrganicLawontheRightsandFreedomsofForeignersinSpainandtheirSocialIntegration4/2000].LeyOrgánica4/2000,de11deenero,sobreDerechosyLibertadesdelosExtranjerosenEspañaysuIntegracionSocial(LODLE),BoletínOficialdelEstado(B.O.E),Jan.12,2000,asamendedbyOrganicLaw2/2009,http://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2000-544.

13 TheLODLEestablishesavisarequirementtoenterandstayforanintendedpurposeinthecountry,whichisclassifiedaccordingtothefollowingtypesofvisas:transit;short-stay;residence;residenceandwork;seasonalresidenceandwork;andstudyandresearch.https://www.loc.gov/law/help/citizenship-pathways/spain.php

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migrant.Inthiscatch-22logic,thecontractwithBMINCOME offers asolution. Usually contractwith Barcelona Activa in similar cases are ofamaximum of 6months, and according to theSpanishlawthiswouldnotbesufficienttofulfilthe criteria for regularisation. Instead withinthe frame of BMINCOME the contract can beextendedtooneyear for40haweekandwiththisoptiontheproceduresforregularisationcanbefulfilled.

BMINCOMEinaccordancewiththeDepartmentof Planning and Innovation of the SocialRights Area of the City of Barcelona, the SAIER(Service Centre For Immigrants, Emigrants AndRefugees)14 and Barcelona Activa15 succeed tothe regularise the status of all undocumentedmigrantsjoiningtheEUUIAPilot.Becauseofthis,“theopportunitygivenbyBMINCOMEprojectisatreasure”,LauraPinebart.

Duetothetimeneededto fulfil theproceduralsteps forregularisation, thebeneficiaries joinedthe training in batches of 3-4 people at timestarting from September this year, slightly laterthantheotherlotsoftheActiveSocialPolicy1.Atthemoment, threepositionsto jointheprojectare still open, since the foreseen number ofparticipantsforthislotis14.

When the training starts, the beneficiaries arerequiredtojoinforfull4daysatrainingonRisksprevention; afterwards they are guided by theFundacioFormacioiTreballtojointwodifferentmodules: one on risk at work, and atechnicaltraining on repair, painting and maintenance.Monthly,thereisanadditionaltrainingof6hours

withtheConsorcid’EducacioofBarcelona.Attheendofthetraining,thebeneficiarieswillreceiveacertificateofattendance,butthereisnoclarityabout thevalidityof thecertificate toapply forindifferentcontestsandenvironments16.ForthepracticalworkduringtheBMINCOMEcontract-as forall theother lotsof thePolicy1- it is thedistrict level administration who signals theplaceswherethelabourofthetraineesmaybeneeded in the neighbourhood, usually in openpublic spaces and in publicly owned premisessuchascentro civicos17 and libraries.

Beside training during the contract time, it isresponsibilityoftheFundacioFormacioiTreballalso to keep the documentation of assistancegenerated in the process, to relate to localadministrations, to provide additional traininghours(3hoursperweekstartingfromNovember2018aboutcompetences,workingabilitiesetc).Ad hoc coaching for each person, throughindividual interviews and tutorials involvingentrepreneurs and other entities are organisedto expose the beneficiaries to differentstakeholderswhomaybecrucialfortheirfuturejobs opportunities and as such to facilitate theaccessintothejobmarket.Thisisanintegralpartof the approach to make sure thatpeople -completing their contract-time withinBMINCOME,-arepreparedtoenterordinaryjobmarket: “each beneficiary has an individualitinerarywhichneedstobesupported.Thescopeistomobilisebeneficiariestothepointthat,whentheprojectisfinished-theyknowwhattodointheirfuture”,LauraPinerbart,FundacioFormacioi Treball.

14 http://www.bcn.cat/novaciutadania/arees/en/saier/saier.html15 http://www.barcelonactiva.cat/barcelonactiva/cat/16 Alltheintervieweesinalltheprojectofvariousthematicaxis,havenoclearinformationaboutthecertificatesofcompetenciesacquired

inthetrainingofBMINCOME,aswellasforthevalidityoftheskillsrecognitionintheopenjobmarket.17 http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/centrescivics/es

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2.4 Re-bootinglocalmarketsinNouBarris: promotionofeconomicactivityandtrade

The policy 1 thematic axis on “Promotion of economic activity and trade” is about home delivery of commodity products and the reinforcement of the neighbourhood based economy of proximity.The work into axis “Promotion of economic activity and trade” covers the areas of Sant Andreu, Nou Barris and Sant Marti, managed by two local NGOs namely Fundaciò Para Manel and TEB Solucions SCL with foreseen 15 beneficiaries.

“TherearefewcitiesintheworldwithamunicipalmarketnetworklikeBarcelona’s:39foodmarketsand4non-foodmarkets,spreadoutinastrategicfashion. There is not one neighbourhood in the citywithoutamarket,amarketwhich,moreover,isafaithfulreflectionoftheareasurroundingit.”18

The municipal markets in Barcelona are theheart of the social and economic life in theneighbourhoods. However, consumers habitshave changed: supermarket chains have tookover in Barcelona as everywhere else, and themunicipalmarketsarenotcompetitive in termsof prices and service offered. Despite that, theMunicipalMarket Plan of the Ayuntamento deBarcelona has helped to renew the premisesof the Municipal markets strengthening their

peculiarities of being centrally located, easyreachable for all population and competitive insellingfreshandlocalproduces.

The Mercado de Monserrat where theBMINCOME project axis on promotion of localtradeandemploymentisimplemented,islocatedinNouBarrisatthecrossingofbigroads,inatwostoreylargebuildingwithlowerlevelsmallshopsandthegrocerymarket

Here theNGO FundacioOaraManel, rooted inthe neighbourhoods of Roqueta and Verdunsforyears,isinchargeofpromotingemploymentamongBMINCOMEbeneficiaries,withaprojectthat encourages the consumption of freshand local products and promotes communityparticipationoffamiliesintheneighbourhood.

http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/mercats/en/canal/pla-municipal-de-mercats

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The market is apractical solution for acquiringgroceriesbutalsoforsocialexchangeespeciallyfor elderly people with reduced mobility andat risk of isolation.Within theBMINCOME, theFundacio launches ahome delivery service forthose in need, limited to the neighborhoodsof Les Roquetes, Verdum and La Prosperitat.CustomerscanregistertheirnameandaddressatadeskwhichbearsthelabeloftheMunicipalityofBarcelona,BMINCOMEandUIA,locatedattheentranceofthemarket.

They will get acard with an ID number andapaper where they can record the number ofgroceries bags purchased at the stalls in themarket. The bags are located into large boxes,loadedintoasmallelectricvananddeliveredathome.

In this manner, people especially elderly withreducedmobilitycanstillusethepremisesofthemarket to do their daily shopping without theburdenof carryingheavybagsand inexchangethe market reinforce its function of socio-economicmagnetintheneighbourhood.Indeed,itisnotonlyabouteasingtheaccessibilitytothemarket but also amatter of encourage people

capacitytoperformtinysocialactsofconviviality,meetingotherpeopleintheneighbourhoodandexchangingfewwordswiththeworkersdeliveringthegroceriesathome.

BMINCOMEbeneficiariesaretrainedtoorganiseanddeliverindetailallthestepsofthisservice.The promotion of economic activity and trademanaged by Para Manel is supposed to trainand employ 5 people, however by October2018only4have signed the contract,ofwhichone person out of four resigned (the resigningperson had a“conditioned option” to accessthe SMI).The beneficiaries come fromUruguay,Morocco,Colombia.AsforotherlotsofPolicy1,beneficiariesgothroughaperiodof3monthsofbasictrainingdonebytheConsoricid’Educacio,followed up by the contract with BarcelonaActiva which started this lot in June 2018 andterminatesinJune2019.Duringthisperiod,thebeneficiaries, take part to atraining not onlyconcerningtheirjob,butalsoinlanguageclasses,basicmathematics and informatics, since someofthemdonothaveaschooldegree.

ThecontractwithBarcelonaActivaforeseesthatthe beneficiarieswork fromMonday to Friday 8

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hours.However,especiallyforthislotitisdifficulttofulfilthesecriteria,becauseSaturdaymorningisthe day when the market has the highest number of customerswhichcouldbenefitfromtheserviceofhomedelivery.TherulesofthecontractestablishthatanyextrahouroflabouroutsidetheMondaytoFridayschemeshouldbecalculatedtwice,andthis creates issuesboth for theworkers and thetotal amount of working hours to be distributed duringtheoneyearcontract.

Due to the type of work there are peak hourswherethemanpowerismostlyneededandothermomentsinwhichthe8hshiftiseventoolong.

AccordingtotheintervieweesfromtheFundationPara Manel the practice of implementing thisthematic axis shows that there is apotentialmismatch in the employment timing andproceduresofthecurrentbeneficiarieswhicharecurrently3insteadoftheforeseen5:ononesidetheyareavailable8hoursperdaybutthe8hoursarenotfullyusedatleastnotallfilledwithpressingtasks; on theother side, there aremoments inwhichthedeliveryofthegoods,-becauseofthepeak hours purchase in the market-, requiresmoremanpowerthantheactual3beneficiaries

tothepointtothepointthatthesocialworker,actuallyemployedtodocoachingandsupporttheBMICNOMEbeneficiariesintheirapprentship,isobligedtohelpinthedeliveryofgoodstoensurethefulfilmentoftheservice’sduties.

Thefoundationmanagingthis lothasthevisionofpromotingthispilot towardalong termplanfor the neighbourhood considering the successthat the project is demonstrating through thecustomers affiliations. The proposal is to rootthisprojectinthemarketestablishingsomesortof partnership between the private vendors,thecustomers,theAyuntamientodeBarcelona,andsocialworkersfromNGO,inordertosecureenough funding for the sustainability of the homedeliveryservice.However,itwouldnotbepossibletohireallthecurrentbeneficiarieswithafulltimecontractwhichwouldbetooexpensivefor the service currentlyprovided. It ispossiblenowonlythroughtheBMINCOMEpilotbringthecosts of beneficiaries employment. Consideringthe success of this project, which could beeasily disseminated in other parts of town, theBMINCOME pilot offers the test to adjust theservicelearningfromthispractice.

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3.SocialActivePolicy1:

3.1PurposeandstructureThe purpose of policy 1 is to train and hireBMINCOME SMI beneficiaries in projects ofcollectiveinterestinandfortheareasofEixBesos.The beneficiaries are trained and contractedtoperforme:

a) painting, rehabilitation, and maintenanceworks of public and private spaces forpublic use in the neighbourhoods coveredby Bmincome, including premises such ascivic centers, children and elderly centers,neighbourhoodfacilities.(AreaofAdjustmentandmaintenance)

b) advice to small businesses and industrialworkshops, communities of proximities andassociations about energy efficiency, savingsandsupplymanagement.

c) Domestic distribution of produces tomost vulnerable people and support tolocaleconomies

d) Promotion of public spaces througheducational and sports leisure activitiesand socio-educational support to families;community facilitation in proximity ofneighborhood facilities (civic centers,neighborhood centres e.g. casals, etc.) toimproveaccessibility,participatorydynamics,coexistence and quality of the relationsamong neighbours.

e) support to food distribution, elaborationof culinary products, home-delivery, andawareness raising activities to learn abouthealthy food directly to vulnerable families,elderlyandyoungpeople;

f) Supporttothecommunitieswithaged(and/orsick)peoplewithreducedmobilitywholiveinbuildingswithaccessibilitydifficulties.Thesupportismeanttoeasetheaccesstopublicspace and avoid isolation; Dynamisationthrough specific community activities in theneighborhood, such as accompaniment toin proximity spaces: market, park, services,etc. or in parts of the city where relationalor community activities are carried out.Support and mentoring for people withmental disorders and their families with methodologiesofcommunityintervention

This policy is planned to include 150 peoplebetween 25 and 60 years (registered in workoffices as job seekers) and selected from theB-MINCOME project. Any member of thehousehold in working age, of legal age andunemployed, is apotential beneficiary of thePolicy 1 employment plan19. The potentialbeneficiarywilldeclarehis/herbasicoccupationalcharacteristics to be able to link them to thethematicaxis.

19 Ifthereismorethanonecandidateforhousehold,theelectionwillberandomizedsothatthereisatleastaworkprogramforeachofthe150families.

18

3.2 PhasesThispolicyhasthefollowingphases:

a) Phase1PerceptionofSMIandprofessionaltraining

ThebeneficiariesofBMINCOMEreceivetheSMISuportMunicipald’Inclusio-MunicipalInclusionSupport ( sinceNovembre2017) and start theirprofessional training (Approx. 400 Hours) incollaboration with the Consorci d’Educacio(3months).

The Consortium will prepare and offer, basedon the personal profiles, programs that willallowyoutoobtainaprofessionalcertification/accreditation based on the 6 thematic axisproposed.

b) Phase2:Beginningoftheoccupationalprojects

Aftertheinitialtraining,thebeneficiarieswiththesupportofthecontractedNGOforeachthematicaxiswillstartthephaseofoccupationalprojects.This phase is coveredwith the collaboration ofBarcelonaActiva, companies and social entities(12months).

c) Phase3:Trainingforjobplacement

Training for job placement (only 1 month)that overlaps with the perception of theunemploymentbenefit(4months)

d) Phase4:PerceptionoftheSMIC(5months)

In the final phase, the active policy is notoperationalandtheSMIisactivated

3.3Management&implementationThis active policy is implemented throughthe collaboration among several actors manyof which ambove mentioned namely theDepartment of Strategy and Innovation atBarcelona City Council’s Area of Social Rights,Barcelona Activa and Consorci d’Educacio ofBarcelona20, incollaborationwith theMunicipaladministrations at District level, the NGOs andlocalotherassociativeentities.

The Department of Strategy and InnovationlaunchedanopentendertoidentifytheprojectsandentitiesabletomanageandimplementtheIntegratedContractsProjectsintheterritories.

InitiallythetenderisbasedonselectingtheNGObased on their experience and competencies;once selected they are involved in aseries ofroundtableswiththeDistrict,theteamofPolicy1

withintheMunicipalityofBarcelonatocooperateinthedesign,managementandimplementationof the projects. Knowing the neighbourhoodsfromtheirdailypractices,theexperienceofNGOis valued in the negotiation with all the publicactors:NGOscanmakeproposalswhichwillbediscussedwith the abovementioned actors onaregularbasis.Thisprocessofmutualexchange,which goes on all along the duration of thepilot,guaranteesthatboththetrainingandjobsprovided by the projects are really respondingto theneedsof people involved andfitting therealitiesoftheneighbourhoods.

In conclusion, the bidding projects have beendetermined jointly with Barcelona Activa, theDistricts and in an open consultation withthird sector entities. The Ngo’s involved in the

20 https://www.edubcn.cat/ca/

19

deliveryofthepolicy1are16andcovers22lots/projects distributed in the various 6 thematicaxis:5projectseachfortheaxisofadjustment,

environment and conviviality; 2 projects onnutrition, 2 on nutrition and health; and 3 inpromotionofeconomicactivities.

3.4StateoftheartThestateoftheartofthepolicyinOctober2018seesthesignatureof130workingcontractswithBarcelonaActivaintheframeofBMINCOME.BytheendofNovember2018,itisexpectedthatthenumberofbeneficiariesinPolicy1shouldreachthe quota 133. However, this amount is belowtheforeseen150bythePlanofBMICNOMEpilot.The contractual process with the beneficiarieshas requested more assistance that initiallyplanned.PeraSalaMèdicoof theteamPolicy1of the Department of Strategy and InnovationatBarcelonaCityCouncil’sAreaofSocialRightsrecountsthattherehavebeenseveralphasesofcontractual agreements at least once amonthfromJune2018untilNovembre2018.EachtimetheDepartmentofStrategyandInnovation,withtheaidsoflocalsocialworkers,hadbeentakingcareofeachpotentialbeneficiary,respondingtoquestions about the programme, clarifying thecourseofactionsoftheprojects inPolicy1andmakingsurethatpeoplewhosignedthecontractfor1yearwere fullyawareof thecommitmentexpected. Despite the selection of asufficientnumber of people able to join the BMINCOME

pilot ( plus additional reserves), it is duringthe implementation phase that the individualhindrances in joining thepilot becameevident.ItisthroughtheethnographicanalysisIGOPandthe interviews done by the Young foundationthat will be possibly disclosed some of thereasons why people decided not to partake inthepilot. Itmighthavebeencausedby“fearofsomethingnew, fearof being controlledby thepublicadministration,fearoflimitingsubmergedeconomies, albeit precarious and illegal, butconstituting and important economic source oflivingformany”PereMèdico.

The number of 133 includes also people thathavenotbeen initially selectedbyBMINCOME.Onceexhaustedthenumberofinitiallyselectedindividuals in BIMICOME21, the Departmentof Strategy and Innovation counts on thecollaboration with neighbouring departmentsandprogrammesoperatingintheMunicipalityofBarcelonae.g.SAIER22andLABORA23whichcouldsuggest individuals whomaymeet BMINCOMEcriteriaforparticipation.

21 eetheselectionphaseendof2017,reportedintheUIAJournal222 SAIERhttp://www.bcn.cat/novaciutadania/arees/en/saier/saier.html23 LABORAhttp://w110.bcn.cat/portal/site/ServeisSocials/menuitem.931633495bcd6167b4f7b4f7a2ef8a0c/indexf723.html?vgnextoid=c51d-

96b0aa819410VgnVCM1000001947900aRCRD&vgnextchannel=c51d96b0aa819410VgnVCM1000001947900aRCRD&lang=es_ES

20

4.Conclusion

TheActiveSocialPolicypresentedinthisjournalis the first of the four active policies broughtforward by the BMINCOME pilot. This policy isconcernedwiththeprovisionoftrainingandjobsto long term unemployed, recipient of welfaresupport,who had registered their domicile inBarcelonaforatleastthepasttwoyears24.

Thepolicy isdesignedwith thecollaborationoflocal agencies, organisations and publicadministrationdepartmentswhichareconcernedwith social policies in Barcelona and morespecificallywith the target areasof thepilot inthenortheastpartcalledEixBesos.Theregularcollaboration among the actors guaranteesa continued exchange which allows to design,monitorandadjusttheimplementationofactionson the ground all along the duration of theBmincomeproject.TrainingsareprovidedinitiallybytheConsorcid’educacioandfurtheronbytheNGOs in charge of the project assigned. Thecollaboration with the district administrations,ensures the listing of jobs opportunities andplacementofworkingactivities,tobeassignedtoBMINCOME beneficiaries, in public spaces andpublic structures of the municipalities such aslibraries, elderly and youth centers, refectories,andpublicbuildings.

The Active Social Policy 1,which launched 22projectsin5thematicareasmanagedby16NGO,is at full speed and sees by October 2018 theemployment of 130 participants, among which22formerundocumentedmigrantswhichcould

regularise their Status in Spain thanks to theBMINCOMEproject.

All the beneficiaries encountered are fullyengagedandcommittedintheprojectstheyhavebeenassignedto,andbenefitbothfromtrainingandworkingopportunities.

Despite the training is oriented towardsempowering the capacities of workers toenter independently ordinary job marketafter the completion of the project and 1 yearcontract within BMINCOME, one of the majorpreoccupationforbeneficiariesishoweverwhathappensafterthecompletionofthePilot.Thereareseveraloptionswhichcanbeconsidered:

a) workerscanfindajobinasimilarsectortheyhave been trained on in the ordinary jobmarket also profiting from the networkingestablishedalongtheprogramme;

b) the workers can create independentcooperatives or small companies with thesupportofpublicadministrationtosecuretheprovision of services to the neighbourhoodas delineated in policy 1: in this case thelinkageswithotherpolicies couldbe furtherencouraged,especiallywiththepolicy2aboutcreationofsocialcooperatives.

c) newfunding(possiblyprivateandpublic)canbe provided to continue the projects, underthecoordinationofthepublicsector,astheyhave been established in policy 1, towardsaselfsustainingeconomy

24 ForthefulllistofcriteriaconcerningtheparticipationBMINCOME,pleaseconsultpreviousEUUIAjournalavailableonlinehttps://www.uia-initiative.eu/en/city/barcelona

21

Theproject isshowing itsbest insucceedingtoregularisethestatusofundocumentedmigrantsproviding trainingand jobsopportunities, someof them arrived in Spain asminors, residing inSpainover2years.ThecollaborationwithSAEIR(Service Centre For Immigrants, Emigrants AndRefugees)andBarcelonaActivahasbeencrucialtotheachievementofthisresultwhichisofgreatinterest for other European cities in providinggood practice example as such in policies ofintegrationofmigrantsandrefugees.

The regularisation of migrants, the new jobsopportunities neighbourhood-basedwhich takecareofcommonpublicgoods,thestronglinkagescreatedbythetight-nitcollaborationamongthestakeholders and the public structures respondin practice to the challenge of realising socialcohesionontheground.

Despite the excellent coordination among thedistricts for the distribution of jobs, challengesahed are the actual capacities of districts toprovidedutiesandtasksforallpeoplecontractedin BMICNOME. As an interviewee said for theprojectonrefurbishment“wehavetomakesurethatwehavejobsforallanddiversifiedenough,since if provide only painting, 11 workers maypainttoomuch!”.

Last but not least, the frame of BMICNOMEforesee the employment of 150 people and sofarthelowestnumberofcontractedrestricttheopportunitytobenefitinfulloftheBMICNOMEpilot.Hopefullythedistancesbetweentheactualnumberandtheforeseenonecanbeshortenedinthecourseofprojectdevelopment.

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Urban InnovativeActions (UIA) is an Initiativeof the European Union that provides urbanareasthroughoutEuropewithresourcestotestnewandunprovensolutions toaddressurbanchallenges. Based on article 8 of ERDF, theInitiative has a total ERDF budget of EUR 372millionfor2014-2020.UIA projects will produce a wealth ofknowledgestemmingfromtheimplementationof the innovative solutions for sustainableurbandevelopmentthatareofinterestforcitypractitioners and stakeholders across the EU.ThisjournalisapaperwrittenbyaUIAExpertthat captures and disseminates the lessonslearnt from the project implementation andthegoodpractices identified.Thejournalswillbe structured around the main challenges ofimplementation identified and faced at locallevelbyUIAprojects.TheywillbepublishedonaregularbasisontheUIAwebsite.