Novel Waterborne Epoxy Curing Agent Technology

David DubowikAir Products & Chemicals

Presented at the TRFA Annual Meeting November 15, 2005Fort Lauderdale, Florida

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Outline: Novel Waterborne Epoxy Curing Agent

Waterborne Epoxy Overview

Market Drivers

Novel Curing Agent Technology

Performance Attributes

Summary

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• Institutional & Maintenance Coatings

• Low Odor • Easy Handling

• Abrasion Resistance• Alkali & Acid Stain Resistance

Typical WB Epoxy Applications

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Waterborne Epoxy...The Basics

ReactiveOrganic

PhaseWater

Polymer

Water Evaporation

ReactiveOrganic

PhaseWater

Polymer

Water Evaporation

Epoxy & Amine Dispersed in Water

H2O Evaporates Epoxy & Amine PolymerizeCoating Applied

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Type I Waterborne Epoxies

Amine acts as Epoxy Emulsifier Water + Amine + Epoxy form Complex Emulsion Emulsion Destabilizes Visible Pot Life Liquid Epoxy Short Pot Life, Slow Dry

Liquid Epoxy

Water Soluble Amine

Water - Amine- Epoxy Emulsion+

High Shear

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Type II Waterborne Epoxies

Water Soluble Amine+

Epoxy Dispersion

Surfactant

Epoxy Pre-dispersed with Nonionic Surfactant Amine Migrates from Water into Epoxy Polymerization Inside Particle Blind Pot Life Solid Epoxy Long Pot Life, Fast Dry Co-Solvents Needed for Coalescence

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Type I & II Curing Agent Limitations

Property Type I Type II

Viscosity > 10,000 cP > 5,000 cP

Color > 6 > 6

Co-Solvents 0-100 g/l 100-250 g/l

Water Solubility Medium - High Moderate - Medium

Maximum Film Build 6 mil DFT 5 mil DFT

Curing Agents Trap Water, Limit Film Build

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Market Drivers for New Technology

Easier Handling– Lower Viscosity– Higher Water Dilution– No Induction Time

Lower Color– Lower Initial Color– Higher Yellowing

resistance

Higher Film Build– Mastics– Block Fillers

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Novel Waterborne Epoxy Technology Anquawhite 100

0.5High Viscosity

Low Viscosity

0.5High Viscosity

Low Viscosity

Amine Functional Dispersion in Water• Water Insoluble• Highly Compatible with Epoxy

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Anquawhite 100 Properties

350AHEW

1Color, Gardner

Water 41%PM 4%

Solvents

55%Solids

200 cPViscosity

Freeze-Thaw Cycles > 5

Low Amine Content Improves• Yellowing• Stain Resistance

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Anquawhite 100 + Epoxy Dispersion Film Formation

Epoxy Dispersion Amine Dispersion

Particles Coalesce

Minimal Epoxy-Amine

Interaction

Low ViscosityHigh Solids

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30

60

90

120

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Pot Life (hr)

60

°Glo

ss

/ c

P

Gloss

Viscosity

Anquawhite 100 + Epoxy Dispersion Long Pot Life & High Gloss

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Anquawhite 100 - Liquid EpoxyFilm Formation

Liquid Epoxy

Amine Dispersion

Particles Coalesce

Epoxy +

Amine

Amine Emulsifies

Liquid Epoxy

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Pot Life with Liquid Epoxy

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0 100 200 300 400 500

Time [min]

Vis

cosi

ty 2

5°C

(m

Pa.

s) 65% solids

60% solids

55% solids

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

0 100 200 300 400 500

Time [min]

Vis

cosi

ty 2

5°

65% solids

60% solids

55% solids

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Low Amine Content Delivers High Resistance to Yellowing

0

20

40

0 20 40 60 80

Hours QUVA

Yel

low

ness

Inde

x

Cycloaliphatic Amine

Typical Waterborne

Anquawhite 100 Solid Epoxy Dispersion

Anquawhite 100 Liquid Epoxy

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Hydrophobic Amine: Less Trapped Water, Higher Film Build

0

4

8

12

16

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Max

imum

DFT

(mils

)

Type I Type II Anquawhite 100Liquid Epoxy

Anquawhite 100Solid Epoxy

Anquawhite 100

20 mil DFT

Typical WB Epoxy20 mil DFT

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Low Amine Content Results in High Stain Resistance

slightred stainnovery slight stainRed Wine

slightyellow stainnono changeMustard

noslight stainnono changeKetchup

noslight stainnono changeCoffee

BlisteringDiscolorationBlisteringDiscoloration

Anquawhite 100 Conventional Waterborne

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Anquawhite 100 Food Stain Resistance

Typical WB Epoxy

Coating

Anquawhite 100

Coating

Ketchup

MustardKetchup

Mustard

Red Wine

Red Wine

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Anquawhite 100 Hydrophobicity Results in High Barrier Properties

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

-1.00 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

Log Freq (Hz)

Log

Mod

ulus

(O

hm) Anquawhite 100

75 day immersion

Conventional Waterborne 25 day immersion

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Coating Failure

Anquawhite 100 Forms an Excellent Barrier Against Water & Salts

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Starting Point Formulation: Fast Dry Enamel

Pounds GallonsA Side

413.6 45.1 RM 8W (25% in H O ) 41.4 5.0

455.0 50.00B Side

Anquawhite100 144.8 16.5188.2 22.6

Disperbyk190 10.3 1.2DF 110D 4.1 0.50R 960 289.5 8.9Surfynol420 3.1 0.4

640.1 50.00

47% Solids

65% Wt Solids

Pounds GallonsA Side

Ancarez AR 550 413.6 45.1

241.4 5.0455.0 50.00

B SideAnquawhite100 144.8 16.5DI H2O 2 188.2 22.6Disperbyk190 10.3 1.2DF 110D 4.1 0.50R 960 289.5 8.9Surfynol420 3.1 0.4

640.1 50.00

0.11 VOC (lb/gal) 19 %PVC

47%Vol65%

Dry to Touch 15 min. Pot Life 8 hr.

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Starting Point Formulation: High Build Enamel

Pounds GallonsA Side

Epon 828 155.69 16.08Epodil 748 29.22 3.93

20.0B SideAnquawhite 100 325.11 37.10DI H2O 68.35 8.19Disperbyk 190 15.19 1.72DF 110D 3.80 0.45Rheology Modifier 15.19 1.825% Acetic 121.52 14.56Dowanol PPh 52.40 5.91TiPure R 960 311.39 9.57Surfynol 440 5.70 0.68

918.65 80.0

PVC 19.4%VOC (lb/gal) 1.26Wt Solids 64%Vol Solids 53%

Dry to Touch 4 hr

Pot Life 2 hr

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Summary

Novel Amine Dispersion Technology

Low Viscosity

High Build

Low Yellowing

High Stain Resistance

High Water Resistance

Formulating Versatility

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Questions ?

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Thank You !!!

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