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Patrick E. Cortbaoui, Michael O. Ngadi, Leroy E. Philip Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Novel Approaches To Mapping Postharvest Quality Loss Of Fresh
Produce For Improved Food Security In CARICOM Countries
Hunger
Malnutrition
Population growth
Finite resources Sustainable food system
Food nutrition Food availability
Chronic diseases
Food security Obesity
Poverty
Livelihood implications
Food loss
Food quantity
Food quality
Food safety
Environmental degradation
There is a need for…
A PARADIGM SHIFT
WHY?
STATISTICS ARE ALARMING !! • 870 million people undernourished • 1 billion people overweight and obese • 9.6 billion people in 2050 • 1.3 billion tons food lost annually • 1.7 million deaths from limited FFV intake • 1.4 billion people living in less 1$/day • 1.5 billion people dependent on degrading land to live
CARIBBEAN FOOD SECURITY: A COMPLEX CHALLENGE • Limited food availability • Limited food diversity • Limited intake of Fruits & Vegetables
Inefficient post-harvest management practices of fresh fruits and vegetables
HIGHER LOSS & LOWER QUALITY
Is there a solution? YES
REDUCING POST-HARVEST LOSSES
ROBUST, CONSISTENT AND INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR MEASURING THE EXTENT OF FOOD QUALITY LOSS
ARE A NECESSARY FIRST STEP TOWARD REACHING THE GOAL OF
REDUCING POST-HARVEST LOSSES
ONGOING PROJECT
Mapping postharvest losses of fresh produce along the supply chain using novel approaches Case study: CARICOM countries (Guyana & St. Kitts)
RATIONALE • Complexity of PHL concept • No reliable data on PHL • No comprehensive and
holistic method to measure PHL of fresh produce
CURRENT METHODS TO MEASURE PHL
• Relied mostly on household or farmers’ surveys • Gravimetric methods; known also as count and weight • Visual scales or scale ratings; losses known as “visloss” • Very few holistic methods to measure PHL, but negligible • Simulation methods are important, but not sufficient alone
The current literature does not offer integrated and reliable approaches for evaluating post-harvest losses of fresh produce
WHAT & HOW TO DO?
ACTION METHOD
Assessment and quantification of PHL in CARICOM
Surveys and direct measurements in the field
Investigation of the effect of fluctuated environmental factors on quality changes
Laboratory simulation and kinetic prediction models
Enabling the identification of optimal condition to reduce PHL
Taguchi approach
Surveys and direct measurements in the field
Fresh produce supply chain map and handling activities in Guyana
Post-harvest losses map for tomato and string beans in St. Kitts
THE RESULTS FROM THIS INTERVENTION REVEALED THAT
POST-HARVEST LOSSES WERE MAINLY DUE TO INAPPROPRIATE
QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS’ ABUSE
AMONG FARMERS, WHOLESALERS AND RETAILERS
Laboratory simulation and kinetic prediction models
Scenario for Guyana Scenario for St. Kitts
No application of Taguchi approach to post-harvest quality loss has been reported until the present time
TAGUCHI APPROACH Scope of usage: To date Taguchi approach has been widely and successfully used in various subject areas such as: aerospace, sports, communications, environment, construction, energy, materials manufacturing, milling, welding, mechanical
engineering, food processing and dental science Purpose of usage: To determine the optimum parameters of a process to minimize the quality loss of a product
• A robust quality management method • An approach that involves the combination of engineering and
statistical methods to reduce commodity loss and improve its quality
• Taguchi was able to quantify quality loss as a deviation from the ideal target
TAGUCHI APPROACH
Variability
Conventional statistical experimental design can determine the optimal condition of a process based on the measured
values of the characteristic properties of the food commodity, whereas Taguchi method can determine the experimental condition having the least variability as the
“optimal condition”
TAGUCHI APPROACH
Novel Technique To Optimize Environmental Conditions Throughout Post-harvest Handling Process Of Fresh
Fruits And Vegetables To Curtail Quality Loss
THIS KIND OF STUDY IS AN IMPORTANT TOOL, ALLOWING THE CLOSING OF MAJOR DATA
GAPS IN THE KNOWLEDGE OF MEASURING POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF FRESH
PRODUCE AND THE PREDICTION OF THE OUTCOME OF DIFFERENT STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION CONDITIONS, AIMING TO
IMPROVE THE PRODUCT’S QUALITY AND
SUPPLY CHAIN SETTINGS
KEY MESSAGES ENHANCING POST-HARVEST QUALITY MANAGEMENT
ALONG ALL SEGMENTS OF THE VALUE CHAIN, AS THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT MOVES FROM FARM TO CONSUMER, WILL
DEFINITELY LEAD TO INCREASE FOOD AVAILABILITY FOR LOCAL HOUSEHOLDS
REDUCING POST-HARVEST LOSSES WILL POSITIVELY AFFECT LIVELIHOOD BY ALLEVIATING FOOD
INSECURITY, GENERATING INCOME AND ENHANCING HUMAN HEALTH
THE INFORMATION GENERATED IN THIS STUDY SHOULD HELP
STAKEHOLDERS MAKE BETTER DECISIONS REGARDING THE
CONTROL OR REDUCTION OF POST-HARVEST QUALITY LOSS OF FRESH
PRODUCE
FINAL REMARK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • Funding for this project was provided by The Canadian International Food
Security Research Fund (CIFSRF) which is a program of Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) undertaken with the financial support of the Government of Canada provided through Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada (DFATD).
• Our full gratitude goes to Dr. O. Homenauth and all staff of NAREI, Guyana. • Our full gratitude goes also to the Ministry of Agriculture and Marine
Resources, St. Kitts and Nevis with special thanks to Mrs. Ilis Watts and Mr. Ray Guishard.
• A special thanks goes to the staff in the School Meals Centre in St. Kitts and Nevis for facilitating the study.
• We also acknowledge the assistance and support of the farmers, distributors,
and retailers in Guyana and St. Kitts and Nevis.
THANK YOU