International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association

insidewhat’s

Marketplace: It’s not just about “DVRs,” but ITV

Vacuum Vapor Lubrication of Hard Disks

Highlights from DISKCON® USA

Advanced Materials for High BandwidthActuators

inside6

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November/December 2000

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Veeco Process Equipment Ad

www.veeco.com/cluster

No page numberSept./Oct page 2

As I write this letter, DISKCON USA has just concludedand I wanted to give you a report about the show we allknow is the world’s largest tradeshow and technicalconference dedicated to the data storage industry.Although the number of exhibiting firms was downsomewhat compared to 1999 (412 exhibitors/858 booths),this year’s DISKCON USA may have been IDEMA’s bestshow ever.

Our exhibitor firms occupied over 700 booths (totaling 71,200 square feet) in the San JoseConvention Center. Among this year’s exhibitors were 52 new companies—a much higher numberthan in previous years. (Might this be an indicator of better times ahead?) I would like tocompliment the exhibitors on their innovative booth designs and exemplary preparation of theirexhibit space. The result was an exceptionally professional tradeshow that was very inviting to allvisitors that attended during the two-day exhibition (the exhibitors seemed unanimous in theirpreference for this year’s two-day format).

One of the events held during DISKCON that I was especially pleased about was the overwhelmingsuccess of the Technical Conference. The scope of this year’s conference was expanded to ninesessions in order to provide a more complete assessment of storage technologies, applicationrequirements, and business outlooks for the industry. To give attendees an opportunity to choosefrom a variety of topics, some of the sessions were held concurrently—a “first” for DISKCON. Themember volunteers who planned and staged the Technical Conference worked diligently since lastNovember to put together a conference with richer and more varied technical content than everbefore. These efforts resulted in a high quality, yet cost-effective program and an increase inconference attendance by almost thirty percent (another indicator?). I’m certain that the increasein attendance was one of the reasons why many exhibitors commented that visitors stopping bytheir booths this year were exactly the people they were hoping to reach.

I would like to extend my thanks to all of the member volunteers who generously gave of theirtime to help IDEMA present this year’s DISKCON USA. I also want to send a very special “ThankYou” to the small (but extremely dedicated) staff here at IDEMA who managed all the details andpulled it all together in a seamless yet cohesive manner.

IDEMA’s member volunteers are already hard at work planning DISKCON Asia-Pacific in bothPenang, Malaysia (Mar. 12, 2001) and Singapore (Mar. 14 & 15, 2001), as well as DISKCON Japan inTokyo (Apr. 18—20, 2001). Companies interested in securing exhibit space at either of these eventsmay do so by contacting us at 408.492.1436.

Changing the subject, I would like to comment on the opportunity for volunteerism within ourindustry. Volunteers are extremely important in helping this Association to develop and delivermany services that are relied upon by our member companies and their employees. Volunteersfounded IDEMA in 1986; the Board of Directors are volunteers; the committees that plan ourevents are volunteers; and the industry standards are developed by volunteers—the IDEMA staffonly facilitates the contributions made by these industry volunteers. I work closely with thesecontributors and I can attest to the satisfaction that they gain as they clearly have a positive effecton the progress and growth of the data storage industry.

If you are not currently involved in any IDEMA activities, I would encourage you to do so. Youwill enjoy the experience of collaborating with industry colleagues and professionals, and you willbe instrumental in shaping the success of the data storage industry. If you would like to discussour volunteer opportunities, or want further information about the active IDEMA committees,please give me a call at 408.330.8101 or send me an e-mail at leischen@idema.org.

departments6Marketplace

16Storage News

20Standards Update

30Membership Update

35Industry Calendar

40Committee Focus

44Technical Education

46IDEMA Asia-Pacific

articles6It’s not just about “DVRs,”but ITV

10Vacuum Vapor Lubricationof Hard Disks

26Advanced Materials forHigh Bandwidth Actuators(Part 1)

upcoming features

Advanced Materials for HighBandwidth Actuators (Part 2)

LarryIDEMA President, Larry Eischen

INSIGHT EditorJeri Burdick, jburdick@idema.org408.330.8107

Creative DirectorChris Carrig, ccarrig@idema.org408.330.8110

Communications ChairWayne Fortun, Hutchinson Technology, Inc.

Communications CommitteeLarry Anderson, Komag , Inc.Chris Bajorek, Komag, Inc.Jay Kimmal, HMT Technology Don Mounce, Gem CityEngineering CompanyDon Perettie, ADMATInternational

ArticlesArticle contributions arewelcome and are subject toediting by IDEMA.

AdvertisingAdvertising is offered to IDEMAcorporate members only. Adspace is available for the firstissue of 2001; ad close is Dec.4, with materials due Dec. 11.2001 Editorial calendar andadvertising rates will be avail-able at www.idema.org.

SubscriptionINSIGHT is produced bimonthly.For your free subscription (U.S.only), register online atwww.idema.org.

INSIGHT is a free, bimonthly association magazine, published bythe International Disk DriveEquipment and Materials Association(IDEMA). The goal of INSIGHT is toinform IDEMA members, and industryprofessionals worldwide, about emerging technologies, and upcoming IDEMA trade events, aswell as educational opportunities.INSIGHT is read by more than24,000 engineers, scientists, andtechnical managers worldwide.

© Copyright 2000 IDEMA. All rightsreserved. No part of this publicationcan be reproduced without thewritten permission of IDEMA. IDEMAand DISKCON are registeredtrademarks of the International DiskDrive Equipment and MaterialsAssociation. Other product names orbrands used in this publication arefor identification purposes only andmay be trademarks of their respectivecompanies.

IDEMA Staff—U.S.Barbara Alvarez, CMPTradeshow Manager408.492.1436Sally Bryant, Ed.D.Director, Education408.330.8106Jeri BurdickINSIGHT Editor/TechnicalWriter408.330.8107Christine CarrigCreative Director/Webmaster408.330.8110Larry EischenPresident408.330.8101Trudy GressleyFinance/Office Manager408.330.8105Lisa HoodAdministrative Coordinator408.330.8103Debbie LeeDirector, Services408.330.8108Aisling MaloneTradeshow Assistant408.492.1436Beth McCulloughTradeshow Coordinator408.492.1436Kristen MontanProgram Manager, Standards408.330.8109Adoracion YanogacioAdministrative Assistant408.330.8100

IDEMA Staff—Asia-PacificWendy AngTraining ExecutiveSharmini PathmanAdministrative ExecutiveK.Y. PhuaManaging Director65.226.3412

IDEMA Staff—JapanNaoko MiuraEditor/SeminarsTatsuo SugiuraExecutive Director81.3.3539.7071Akiko YamamotoFinance/Standards

Board of Directors—U.S.Pantelis S. Alexopoulos, Ph.D. Maxtor Corporation

Chris H. Bajorek, Ph.D. Komag, Inc.

Edward H. Braun Veeco Instruments, Inc.

Larry Eischen IDEMA

Wayne M. Fortun Hutchinson Technology, Inc.

Osmund “Oz” Fundingsland —SecretaryOSF International

Mark Geenen TRENDFOCUS, Inc.

Ed Grochowski, Ph.D. IBM Almaden Research Center

William “Bill“ Harry Exclusive Design Company (EDC)

Dennis Hill

John Kurtzweil —ViceChair/Treasurer Read-Rite Corporation

Brian Nixon Quantum Corporation

Donald J. Perettie, Ph.D. ADMAT International

Norman H. Pond Intevac, Inc.

James N. Porter DISK/TREND, Inc.

Barry Rossum Acorn Technology

Michael A. Russak, Ph.D. HMT Technology Corporation

John F. Schaefer Phase Metrics, Inc.

Robert D. Selinger, Ph.D.

Tsuneo Suganuma Hitachi, Ltd.

Joel R. Weiss, Ph.D.—Chair Seagate Recording Media Group

Management Committee—Asia-Pacific

Herbert Ang3M Singapore

Gary Davis Davis Consultants Asia

Adam Giandomenico Lighthouse Worldwide Solutions

Gaylord Ho Vector Magnetics Pte. Ltd.

S.C. Lee Maxtor Peripherals (S) Pte. Ltd.

Teh-Bong LimMMI Holdings Ltd.

C.T. LowHalo Data Devices Pte. Ltd.

Tom McDormanWestern Digital

K.Y. PhuaIDEMA Asia-Pacific

Henry "Hank" PselosXyratex Pte. Ltd.

Chang Faa ShoonSeagate Technology

Kelly TanSeagate Technology

William Tan Megatech Electronics Pte. Ltd.

Board of Directors—JapanTsuneo Suganuma—ChairHitachi, Ltd.

Akira Kakehi—Vice ChairFujitsu, Ltd.

Hiromi Kamimura—Vice Chair Toshiba Corporation

Hideki Harada—AuditorHTA

Tatsuo Sugiura—Executive DirectorIDEMA Japan

Kunio HatanakaKobe Steel, Ltd.

Yuichi HyakusokuMediken, Inc.

Youichi InoAnelva Corporation

Shun KanekoIomega Japan Corp.

Noboru KubokawaInstitute of Information Technology, Ltd.

Mikio MatsuzakiTDK Corporation

Tadashi ShinoharaHitachi Metals, Ltd.

Isao SuzukiHoya Corporation

Takaaki TakashimaIBM Japan, Ltd.

Akira TeradaAlps Electric Co., Ltd.

Tetsuo TsuruHitachi Electronics Engineering Co.,Ltd.

Haruo UraiNEC Corporation

Joel R. Weiss, Ph.D.Seagate Recording Media Group

Hideaki YamazakiSpider Systems of Japan, Inc.

Nobuaki YoshiokaNEC Corporation

IDEMA—U.S.3255 Scott BoulevardSuite 2-102Santa Clara, CA 95054-3013USAPhone: 408.330.8100Fax: 408.492.1425

IDEMA—Asia-Pacific53B Temple StreetSingapore 058598Republic of SingaporePhone: 65.226.3412Fax: 65.226.3413

IDEMA—JapanWataru Building, 6th Floor2-11-9, Nishi ShinbashiMinato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003JapanPhone: 81.3.3539.7071Fax: 81.3.3539.7072

“I’m looking for some kind of happy medium,” said the hard drive to the disk…In past issues of INSIGHT, the overall length of feature articles has been restricted to 1,500 words orless. On many occasions this resulted in declining a great article due to its length, or having to edit it(cutting copy) to make it fit. We don’t want to lose potential articles for INSIGHT just because there aretoo many words (or figures), much less have to edit them to condense the copy. Therefore, from timeto time (starting with this issue—see article on pp. 26–29) we will divide lengthy articles into two-partsegments, with the second one published in the next issue of the magazine.

Please note: while our preference regarding the maximum length of an article remains at 1,500 wordsor less, the ultimate goal is to provide high-quality technical and market trend articles. With that inmind, we will be flexible on length when warranted.

Volunteers welcome!The Committee Focus for this issue (see pp. 40–41) provides an overview of IDEMA committees.Members participating on these committees do so on a volunteer basis and are actively involved indetermining committee focus. As a nonprofit organization we depend on these volunteers for theirtechnical expertise, as well as the personal time they give up in order to attend committee meetings andIDEMA events. If you would like to participate on a committee (and are currently a member of IDEMA),please contact the appropriate IDEMA staff liaison (see Committee Focus article) for additionalinformation.

2001 Media Kits available in NovemberWe are currently developing INSIGHT advertising and editorial calendars for 2001, with a media kitplanned for distribution in late November. This information will also be posted online at www.idema.orgas soon as it is available—if you want a 2001 Media Kit automatically sent to you in November, send mea request by e-mail (burdick@idema.org) and make sure to include your address.

Jeri Burdick

Statistical Summary Selected Data Storage StocksCHASE H&Q Hambrecht and Quist LLC

Shares Stock Calendar Year Price/Earnings Market Cal 2000 MarketOut. Price Earnings Per Share Ratio Cap Revs. Cap/

Industry Sector Company (MM) 10/2/00 1998A 1999A 2000E 1999 2000 ($MM) ($MM) 99 Revs

Disk Drives Maxtor 120.8 9.75 0.52 (0.82) 0.20 NM 48.8x 1,178 2,733 0.4Quantum 88.5 9.88 (1.13) (1.06) 0.18 NM 54.9x 874 3,465 0.3Seagate Technology 240.1 68.13 0.62 1.00 0.87 68.1x 78.3x 16,358 6,473 2.5Western Digital 143.3 5.81 (4.28) (3.46) (0.84) NM NM 833 1,995 0.4

Components HMT Technology 46.0 3.00 0.37 (1.08) (0.79) NM NM 138 197 0.7Hutchinson Tech. 24.8 19.25 (1.29) 0.02 (1.43) NM NM 477 441 1.1Komag 65.9 3.38 (3.51) (1.95) (0.46) NM NM 223 296 0.8Read-Rite 63.0 10.81 (2.75) (4.11) (1.50) NM NM 681 650 1.0

Capital Intevac 11.8 5.13 0.00 (1.02) (0.55) NM NM 61 41 1.5Equipment Veeco Instruments ** 15.9 104.00 1.08 1.45 1.35 71.7x 77.0x 1,654 280 5.9Removable Iomega 270.5 5.12 (0.15) 0.12 0.31 42.7x 16.5x 1,385 1,530 0.9

Average: 15.2x 23.0x 1.3**No official H&Q coverage; First-call estimates. When referenced, “A”= actual; “E”= estimate.

It’s not just about “DVRs,” but ITVDanielle M. Levitas, IDC

heat, relatively low non-operating (and moreimportantly, low-operating) shock, HDDs will notfare well against the various flavors of flashmemory. In devices that demand minimalperformance from the storage device, small form-factor optical drives will likely do well, particularlysince media costs are so low, and the removabilityis often attractive (for example, compressed audioplayers and MP3 players).

Take digital video recorders (DVRs)—also known aspersonal video recorders (PVRs)—widely referredto as “TiVo“ and “Replay“ boxes. For the mostpart, DVRs are standalone devices that consumersneed to make space for, among the numerous otherentertainment devices already stuffed in their“entertainment center.“ What is now beginning tohappen, and will help drive DVR-functionality intohomes, are digital cable and satellite set-top boxesthat already take care of conditional access andare now beginning to integrate hard drives forbuilt-in DVR function. We expect a significant

Of course, all consumer devices (and just aboutany computing device) need storage, but thequestion is: which device will need what type ofstorage? Moreover, how much storage will itneed? Is the type determined by performance? Isthe capacity determined by price? Essentially yes,but it’s not that simple either.

There is so much market hype today regarding newmarkets and applications for hard disk drives, andalthough many of these markets will not materialize,some will evolve greatly over the next few years.Certainly digital video and audio hold greatpromise, as they consume sizable capacity. However,evolution is (and will continue in these markets)changing the storage requirements.

As the world moves toward pervasive computing,smart handheld devices with wireless Internetconnectivity will flourish. Unfortunately, due to therelatively high “starting“ cost of hard drives (inrelation to the device), relatively high power and

number of digital set-top boxes to integrate DVR-functionality intonext-generation digital cable and satellite set-top boxes, similar tothe Echostar/WebTV device. This makes great sense. There isalready a delivery mechanism for higher-end TV-related servicesand increased revenue generation for MSOs and satelliteproviders. And it doesn’t stop with having consumers pay for theenhanced set-top box (either by ponying up the dollars in retail,or by subscribers paying a higher monthly service fee). Thenthere are the “next-next“ generation boxes—those that deliverInteractive TV (ITV).

Okay, okay, you’ve heard about this “interactivity“ before, ormaybe you’ve heard about a vendor attempting to bring theInternet to the TV. This isn’t what ITV will be in the future. ITV isabout enhancing the viewer’s TV experience, not stopping theentertaining video images by moving to a static website.Currently, it is an enhanced EPG (electronic programming guide)with the ability to offer viewers more services; namely, detailedinformation on programming. For example, the statistics on aviewer’s favorite football team or player, the ability to play alongwith “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire,“ targeted advertising, andeven enabling the viewer to order a pizza while watching a greatgame. Internet access is generally limited, with companiesoffering a “walled garden“ approach. This allows the MSO orDBS (direct broadcast satellite) provider control over content and

formatting, so it is “optimized” for the TV viewing community andalso enabled for conditional access and parental control.

Longer term, there will be more and more services like e-mail, VoIP (voice over IP), gaming, streaming video and audio, or even betting … oh, the possibilities.

Europe is currently “in the lead” with ITV, with one great examplebeing BSkyB’s Open service in the UK. Out of BSkyB’s 3.6 millionsatellite subscribers, 1.6 million have used Open interactivity. Theyare doing this by offering compelling content (they own the broad-casting rights to the majority of “football” games). Furthermore,BSkyB is developing “sticky” applications that users are attracted to(with e-mail being a great one), with nearly a million e-mail userson its platform (Note: BSkyB data is as of July 2000). The companyalso is generating revenue from nVOD, with some users doinghome banking via ITV.

Revenue generation certainly comes from subscription fees, as wellas a portion of the t-Commerce associated with ITV. Two successfulrevenue generators to date are football team-jersey sales andpizza. Domino’s pizza sales in the UK are threefold via Open(versus Internet-based) sales.

What does this mean for storage vendors? MSOs and DBS providers see the revenue generation possible from ITV and the associated services. They now need to furtherbuild out their infrastructures and diligently work on developingcompelling content and partnerships. The revenue possibilities aregreat; in addition to the DVR-enabled boxes getting a premiumand t-Commerce creating new revenue, there will also be revenueopportunity from VOD or nVOD (video on demand and near videoon demand). To do this effectively, local storage is needed. Oneway of delivering VOD/nVOD is the head end bursting a portionof the movie “down to the box” (so that the user can watch andhave VCR-like control), while the remainder is being streamed orburst to the viewer as the movie is being watched.

Storage vendors, and in this space, hard drive vendors inparticular, will see an increasing penetration of their devices intoset-top boxes (STB). Certainly, relationships with the DVR suppliersis important today; however, storage vendors need to developstrategic relationships with the major STB manufacturers likeScientific Atlanta (SA), General Instrument (GI), and Pace Micro.These are the hardware folks that will deploy most devices andwork closely with “everyone” along the value chain, from TiVo, toAT&T, to the Discovery Channel, to Liberate.

AveryDennison Adwww.averydennison.com

continued on page 8

These devices need relatively high performance and capacity, andthis means that hard drives are the best solution in this segment ofconsumer electronics. The challenge will be upgradability of capacityover time and how to deploy upgrades that are robust enough toreside outside of the consumer device. In terms of hard drive pricepoints, they are making this level of set-top box functionality possible.Fortunately, unlike most CE (consumer electronics) devices, consumersare used to paying monthly fees (and often, hefty fees) for theservices surrounding their television sets. This is not the case withDVR-only functionality.

ITV will not happen overnight, but the trend is being set in Europeand is gaining momentum in the United States as well. AT&T hasmore than two million digital set-top boxes deployed, but none haveyet to integrate hard drives. New companies (like Seagate’s andThompson’s CacheVision) will try to capitalize on this, but some ofthe hard drive companies have much of this technology already in-house.

Many consumer electronic devices will not require hard drivetechnology, but the aforementioned set-top box space will consume asizable number of gigabytes. Longer term, these boxes will integratestreaming capabilities and will even evolve into the center of thehome network … some digital set-top boxes will become residentialgateways, and these will certainly have high capacity needs.

Danielle Levitas is program managerwith IDC, heading up their consumerdevices and consumer servicesgroups. Before changing positions inJuly 2000, Danielle was a marketanalyst for IDC, conducting researchin the worldwide storage market. Shejoined the IDC storage program in1995, where she focused on theworldwide disk drive market and itscomponents. She followed the diskdrive vendors on a quarterly basis,collecting and analyzing unit andrevenue shipments. In 1998, Danielle

launched IDC’s first U.S. Storage Mechanisms’ End-User Survey,which identified market trends for storage and consumer andcommercial desktop environments. Danielle has a bachelor’s degreein finance from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

continued from page 7

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continued from page 8

Vacuum Vapor Lubrication of Hard DisksBenjamin M. DeKoven, MMC Technology, and John L. Hughes, Dick Lavine and Myron C.Moreno, Intevac, Inc.

The use of lubricants, as substances introduced into theinterface between sliding surfaces to diminish frictionand wear, is an ancient practice. Egyptian picturesdating back 4,000 years show the application oflubricants to reduce the friction involved in draggingheavy monuments. In modern lubrication practice, themain concern is to reduce friction and wear thataccompanies sliding, and to design lubrication systemsthat will operate for long periods without inspection ormaintenance.

Molecularly thin films are of critical importance tonumerous technologies that rely on thin-film adhesionand lubrication. One application where thin films areemployed is in the lubrication of computer disks withinhard-disk drives. The magnetic recording industry univer-sally employs hard carbon overcoats of nominally50–100 Å, in conjunction with monolayer (and sub-monolayer) films of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) liquidpolymer lubricants. The lubricant protects the magneticmedia layer of the hard disk from corrosion and frommechanical damage caused by physical contact with therecording head. The combination of the carbon overcoatand the lubricant protects the magnetic layer of the diskagainst both types of damage.

Motivation for a Vacuum Vapor Lubrication DepositionProcessA schematic of a typical film stack structure for hard diskcoatings is shown in Figure 1. Hard disks for memorystorage are typically manufactured by starting with apolished aluminum disk, plated with nickel phosphorous.Next, a chromium or chromium-alloy film is sputterdeposited in high or ultra-high vacuum at a specific tem-

perature. Under these conditions, the chromium layeracts as a template layer for the sputtered magneticmemory layer comprised of cobalt alloy.

To provide wear and corrosion protection to themagnetic layer, a protective overcoat is deposited invacuum. The overcoat is typically carbon based withheteroatoms, such as hydrogen and nitrogen, added toform diamond-like and graphite-like structures foroptimum performance.

After these vacuum film deposition steps the disks aretypically removed from vacuum and exposed to atmo-sphere in the process environment. Lubricant coating isthen applied through a coating method using dilutedsolutions of lubricants in specialty solvents. Disks areplaced into the lubricant solution and slowlywithdrawn, or placed in a tank from which the solutionis carefully drained. Lubricant thickness is controlled byadjusting the concentration and/or varying the drainrate. During the solution draining, the liquid meniscuson the disk surface controls the deposition of a thinlubricant film as the solvent evaporates.

This production lubricant coating process has been usedfor years, but suffers from major disadvantages. Theprotective quality of the lubricant coating is degraded ifthere is contamination present on the carbon overcoatsurface. Exposure to both oxygen and water in theatmosphere will reduce the activity of the carbonovercoat towards the lubricant. The result is a lubricantcoating with varied properties, depending on the timeand environment to which the disks are exposed priorto the lubricant coating process. In addition to usingexpensive solvents, the typical equipment used in thedip/drain process requires considerable cleanroom floorspace.

To overcome these disadvantages, a vacuum vaporlubrication process was developed, combining thevacuum sputter and vacuum lubricant coating steps, asshown in Figure 2. By vapor depositing the lubricantonto carbon in a controlled environment, the time sensi-tivity for contaminant accumulation present in theexisting lubricant coating process is eliminated.

Carbon Overcoat 50 ��

Head��

Co based magnetic layer 250 �

Cr based underlayer 250 �

Disk��

Lubricant 15 ���

Fly height 250 ��

Figure 1. Idealized schematic of film stack used for hard disks.

continued on page 12

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the ability to measure masschanges based on thefrequency shift of a quartzcrystal sensor in real time.The sensitivity of the QCMfor vapor-deposited lubri-cants is typically ± 0.2Å/sec. To keep the lubrica-tion deposition rateconstant over long periods,feedback from the QCM isused to control the evapora-tor temperature. Figure 3also shows the station forintegration to an Intevac

At Intevac, we developedtechnology for vacuumdeposition of lubricantson disks, to assist inincreasing data storagedensity and reducingmanufacturing costs.Vacuum vapor lubricationis a new approach to disklubrication, wherebyvacuum sputter coating iscoupled with vacuumlubrication. Since thedisks never leave vacuumafter sputtering prior tothe lubrication step,exposure of the disk toatmosphere between sput-tering and lubricationsteps is eliminated.Improved bonding oflubricant film to disk isachieved since the carbonremains active in vacuum.Additionally, moreefficient use is made ofcleanroom space, andlarge quantities ofexpensive solvents canpotentially be eliminatedby using a vapor lubrica-tion production process.

Vapor Lube CoatingHardwareFigure 3 shows aschematic of the vaporlubrication station. Thestation consists of twoevaporation sourcesoperating in vacuum, each

evaporator positioned tocoat one side of the harddisk. Diffuser plates,mounted on each side ofthe source, are key in con-trolling vapor depositedlubricant film uniformity.The lubricant depositionrate is measured in situ,using a quartz crystalmicrobalance (QCM)that’s automatically posi-tioned in the vapor lubecoating zone. The QCM isa mass sensing device with

continued from page 10

Figure 2. Two different lubrication-process schemes featuring a newapproach, vacuum vapor lubrication.

Texture &Clean

VacuumCoatings

(Cr, Co-alloy, Carbon)

LubeCoating

Process/Test

Conventional Approach...

Texture &Clean

VacuumCoatings

(Cr, Co-alloy, Carbon)

Process/Test

New Approach...

Vapor Lube

Vacuum process Lab-controlled environment

MDP250B sputter system.The complete systemallows for vacuum deposi-tion of lubricant directlyonto fresh carbon, whileproviding vacuumisolation to controlpassage of lubricantbetween the vapor lubesystem and the mainchamber of the sputtersystem.

Vapor Lube CoatingBonding PropertiesThe most dramatic impactof vacuum vapor lubrica-tion is in controlling thelubricant interaction withthe carbon overcoat. Byeliminating contaminationat the overcoat-lubricantinterface, corrosion pro-tection is greatlyimproved. With no oxygenor water (or worse!)trapped between the twoprotective barriers, themagnetic layer remainsstable longer. Furtherinsight into the mechanismof PFPE/carbon overcoat

Diffuser�Plates

Evaporator�Plate Heater

Vapor Lube Station

ExitLock

CassetteMain Chamber

Disk

PumpLifter

Valve

Vacuum Isolation Lock

DiskMDP250B Sputter System

Vapor Lube Station

Coating �Zone

Figure 3. Vacuum vapor lubrication hardware for integration to a sputter system (Intevac's MDP250B).

continued on page 15

Seagate RecordingMedia Operations Ad

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interaction can be obtained by measuring the bondedthickness using PFPEs with a general structure of: RCH2-CF2-O- (CF2-CF2-O)m- (CF2-O)n-CF2-CH2R. For ZDOL,R=OH, while for Z-15, R=CF3. As discussed below, theend group has a dramatic influence on the interactionwith the carbon overcoat.

The determination of bonded lubricant thickness is estab-lished by dipping the lubricated disk in HFE-7200[CF3(CF2)3OCH2CH3] for five minutes at room tem-perature. ZDOL is highly soluble in HFE. The lubricantretained on the disk after dipping is defined as “bonded,”while the portion removed is defined as “mobile.” Thefilm thickness of ZDOL lubricant is determined usingFourier Transform Infrared Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, cal-ibrated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS).

Figure 4 shows the total (mobile + bonded) and bondedlubricant thickness measured for lubricant/a-C coateddisks as a function of air exposure. The disks werelubricant coated, either by vacuum vapor lubrication orby a drain lubrication process, as indicated in Figure 4.After removing mobile ZDOL using HFE, only thebonded thickness remains. For the vapor lube coatings,the bonded thickness drops rapidly following air

exposure of only minutes prior to the lubricant applica-tion. The reduction in the bonded thickness is most likelydue to contaminant accumulation and deactivation ofcarbon due to exposure to oxygen and water in theatmosphere. For all air exposures, the bonded thicknessis greater for vapor lube coatings, compared to dipcoatings for air exposures up to several hours. Clearly, ifthe carbon surface is exposed to air prior to lubricantdeposition, significantly less lubricant is bonded to thecarbon overcoat. This also suggests a way to “tune” thebonding. Also, note that the end group has a dramaticinfluence on the interaction of the PFPE with the carbonovercoat. For fresh a-C coatings, the bonded thicknessusing Z-15 is < 1 Å, compared to 27 Å for ZDOL.

We also examined the magnitude of ZDOL bonding todifferent carbon overcoats. Figure 5 shows a plot ofbonded ZDOL thickness, as a function of total ZDOLthickness applied on fresh sputtered carbon (a-C, CHx,and CNx) and PECVD carbon overcoats. As shown inFigure 5, the bonded thickness for fresh carbon overcoatsdecreases in the following order: a-C > PECVD carbon >CHx > CNx. The maximum bonded thickness for each

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fresh carbon overcoat is achieved for a total appliedthickness of > 20 Å. The decrease in ZDOL bonding isdue to a decrease in free radical sites and C=C bondsavailable for interaction with ZDOL. Air exposure alsoresults in a decrease in the bonded thickness for eachcarbon overcoat, much more dramatically than theaddition of heteroatoms, due to surface oxidation of theC=C bonds. The maximum bonded thickness for eachcarbon overcoat following air exposure (one day) is inthe range of 3–4 Å, as shown in Figure 5. The decrease is3–5 times less than the bonded thickness for the freshcarbon overcoat.

Although the mechanism of ZDOL/carbon physicalinteractions is complex, the results of ZDOL and Z-15bonding measurements are consistent with a mechanismproposed by P. Kasai of IBM [see P. Kasai, A. Wass, andB. Yen, J. Info. Storage Proc. Syst. 1, 245 (1999)]. Themechanism involves reaction with active double bondsites and subsequent H atom transfer to “dangling”bond sites in the carbon structure. Dangling bonds onsurface/within core of carbon granules can react withZDOL. The mechanism for ZDOL/carbon bonding doesnot require the presence of surface oxygen species.

Future Vapor Lubrication Technology DevelopmentThe vapor lube coatings must assist in protecting thedisk and provide very good tribological performance athead fly heights < 120 Å. The optimum performance willrequire a balance between lubricant bonding andcorrosion protection. The lubricants used in the diskdrive industry are generally polydisperse mixtures ofmolecular weight components. A shift in molecularweight with time for the vapor phase lubricant depositedonto the disk surface is expected and will need to beevaluated. The molecular weight distribution of lubricant

Figure 5. Plot of bonded thickness vs. total lubricant thicknessas a function of carbon overcoat type (ZDOL molecular

weight estimated to be ≈ 2500 g/mole).

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Air Exposure (minutes)

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Figure 4. Vapor lube coating properties showing ZDOLbonding tunability and control using air exposure (ZDOL

molecular weight estimated to be ≈ 4000 g/mole).

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Air Exposed Carbon

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on the surface of the disk will then be a function of thevapor phase distribution and the molecular weightdependent condensation coefficient at the depositiontemperature. The effect of molecular weight on the tri-bological properties of the interface will need to beevaluated.

Acknowledgments

Norm Pond, Bob Weiss, and Dan Gentry (all with Intevac,Inc.) are thanked for their support of this development project.This work was also supported, in part, by an AdvancedTechnology Program award to Intevac from the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST), from October1997 to March 2000.

Benjamin M. DeKoven is currently a principal engineer andmanager of Interface Process Technology at MMC Technology.While employed at Intevac, Ben was part of the team thatengineered and developed vapor lubrication technology. As anemployee of the Dow Chemical Company, Ben was a researchleader in surface and interface technology. He has a B.S. degreein chemistry from the University of Cincinnati and a Ph.D. inphysical chemistry from the University of Chicago.

John L. (Les) Hughes is presently the VP of technology atIntevac, Inc. (he was previously their VP of engineering) andhas worked closely with Ben in development of the vaporlubrication technology. Before joining Intevac, Les wasmanager of engineering at Varian Associates on their MDPProject, and director of new product development &engineering at Airco Temescal in Berkeley, Calif. He has a B.A.degree in physics from San Francisco State University.

Dick Lavine is the assistant to the president at Intevac, Inc.and was formerly general manager of their Vacuum SystemsDivision. He has a B.A. degree and a M.S. degree in physicsfrom the University of Illinois.

Myron Moreno is VP and general manager of Intevac’s Lubeand CSS Divisions. Prior to joining Intevac, Myron worked forseven years at Western Digital’s Santa Clara Media Operationsas senior equipment engineering manager. Myron has a B.S.degree from the California Polytechnic State University at SanLuis Obispo.

Members featured inStorage News thisissue:

Agilent Technologies Inc.

Avery DennisonCorporation

CDS Analytical, Inc.

Lucent TechnologiesMicroelectronics Group

Maxtor Corporation andQuantum Corporation

OMG Fidelity

Roush Anatrol Divisionof Roush Industries, Inc.

Tektronix, Inc. andGuzik TechnicalEnterprises

New HGA Read/Write Test Systemfrom Agilent Offers 1 Gb/secPerformanceAgilent Technologies introduces new 1Gb/secHGA R/W test system at DISKCON, the AgilentE5022B. The new test system allows hard diskmanufacturers the ability to test higher data ratesand higher track densities. The system’s highaccuracy allows test engineers to use tighterguard bands that in turn provide higher yieldsand lowers the cost of test. Agilent alsoannounced its new E5011A small footprintspinstand—half the size of the existing E5010B.The smaller spinstand offers the E5010B’s sameexcellent performance and a vacuum lock featurethat provides the stability required for testing thehigh TPI values used by today’s leading-edge HDDmanufacturers.

“Not only does the E5022B test system come withfactory National Institute of Standards andTechnology traceable calibration, it also hasexcellent gauge repeatability,“ said MarcyMontgomery, general manager of Agilent’sElectronic Manufacturing Solutions Unit. “This iskey to improving manufacturing yield and givesR&D engineers meaningful HGA parameter testdata.“ Agilent has designed most of the E5022Bsystem’s components on C-size VXI technology, for

easy maintenance and upgrade flexibility. Usersrealize greater throughput because DSP chipscontained on the VXI cards run test setups withoutinvolving the system computer. The E5022B utilizesthe new Agilent E5040A VXI spectrum analyzer tofurther reduce system size and increasethroughput. For more information, visit AgilentTechnologies Inc. online at www.agilent.com.

Avery Dennison Announces MajorExpansion of E-CommerceCapabilities in Pressure-SensitiveMaterials BusinessAvery Dennison Corporation announces that it has significantly expanded and strengthened itsglobal e-commerce capabilities in the company’spressure-sensitive materials business. The new e-commerce features were introduced at Labelexpo 2000, the tradeshow for the pressure-sensitive materials and label printing industry.“There is enormous growth in demand among ourcustomers for Web-based services and support,“said Philip M. Neal, chairman and chief executiveofficer of Avery Dennison. “We will continue to bethe industry leader in the pressure-sensitivematerials business by providing advancedelectronic commerce services to our customers.“

Customers are enthusiastically embracing the newe-commerce capabilities as more and morebusinesses rely on the Internet to conduct business.Avery Dennison’s e-commerce resources canprovide them with tools to run their operationseffectively and cost efficiently. With around-the-clock access to account information, customers areable to better manage their inventory levels,leading to reduced investment of working capital.Immediate access to their order histories providesthe ability to monitor market trends and makeadjustments immediately. Online ordering enablescustomers to place orders for Fasson-brandmaterials as soon as need is determined. Withinminutes after placing an online order, customersreceive confirmation and shipping details. WithFasson’s industry-leading service, 90 percent of allorders are shipped to customers within 48 hours.

“Our customers can depend on Avery Dennison forcontinued innovations and cutting-edge Internet-basedcustomer service,“ said Neal. For more information, visitAvery Dennison Corporation online atwww.averydennison.com.

Susan Corby Named General Sales Managerat CDS AnalyticalCDS Analytical, Inc. announced the appointment of SusanCorby as general sales manager in charge of domestic andinternational sales, effective Sept. 1, 2000. Susan has beenwith CDS for 17 years and is extremely well-versed in allaspects of CDS’ pyrolysis and purge and trap concentratorequipment. Contact Susan at scorby@cdsanalytical.com withany questions you may have concerning CDS equipment.Visit CDS Analytical, Inc. online at www.cdsanalytical.com.

Lucent Announces the Spin Off of Micro-electronics GroupLucent Technologies Microelectronics Group is the worldleader in semiconductors for communications applications.Lucent has announced it will spin off the microelectronicsgroup as an independent company that will include itsoptoelectronics and integrated circuits divisions. The spin-off, slated for completion by the summer of 2001, will create the only major standalone semiconductor companythat can offer end-to-end networking solutions that addressthe convergence of photonics and electronics based onleadership in both integrated circuits and optoelectroniccomponents. The new company will also provide wirelesscomputer networking system solutions through itsORiNOCO™ product line. More information about LucentTechnologies Microelectronics Group is available online atwww.lucent.com/micro.

Maxtor and Quantum to Merge HDD GroupMaxtor Corporation and Quantum Corporation have sealeda $2.3 billion deal that will combine Maxtor and Quantum’sHard Disk Drive (HDD) Group in an all-stock transaction,forming one of the world’s largest disk drive companies.Quantum’s HDD stockholders will receive 1.52 shares ofMaxtor common stock for every share of HDD common stockthey own. It was unclear at press time if the companies wereplanning any layoffs. The newly combined entity will benamed Maxtor Corporation, and will be led by MikeCannon, Maxtor’s current president and chief executive

officer. In addition, Maxtor’s Network Systems Group, currentlyshipping a family of network-attached storage (NAS) productsunder the MaxAttach brand, will be part of the new company.

“This is a bold and strategic step for both companies,“ saidCannon. “The combined company will have the financialresources, product breadth, and intellectual property tocapitalize on the future explosive growth of storage at both thestorage device and subsystem levels.” Cannon also said thathe expects the combination of resources will reduce duplicateexpenses. “We anticipate that, with the operational efficienciesresulting from this transaction, we will be in a position to offerbetter value for our customers, while generating the profitsnecessary to fund expanded research and development tobecome a stronger competitor in this industry.”

It is expected that the merger of Quantum HDD and Maxtorwill generate annualized cost savings of $120 million to $200 million within 18 to 24 months following completion of the transaction. The transaction received unanimousapproval by boards directors of both companies, and willcreate an enterprise with annual sales of approximately $6 billion. For more information, visit Maxtor Corporation and Quantum Corporation online at www.maxtor.com andwww.quantum.com.

OMG Fidelity Offers Wide Range ofTechnological ExperienceOMG offers the chemical industry a wide range of techno-logical experience, a global workforce and an extensivebackground in the manufacture and development of highquality metal powders, carboxylates and inorganic salts.Through multiple raw material sourcing and a unique verticalintegration from the base metal or concentrate to the finishedmetal products, OMG is able to deliver the quality productsand total manufacturing control that can only be offered by acomplete service supplier. For more information, visit OMGFidelity online at www.omgi.com.

Tektronix and Guzik TechnicalEnterprises Enter Relationship ToDevelop Oscilloscope-BasedSolutionsTektronix, Inc., a market leader in test, measure-ment and monitoring equipment, and GuzikTechnical Enterprises, the market leader in testand measurement solutions for the disk drivemarket, have announced the establishment of a relationship that enables Guzik to createapplication-specific hardware and software for Tektronix TDS7000 Series Digital PhosphorOscilloscopes (DPOs). The first products to bedeveloped include an advanced disk driveanalysis solution, which includes BER analysis.

Guzik’s Windows™-based disk drive analysissoftware package and a hardware accelerator,combined with the TDS7000 Series oscilloscopes,creates the industry’s most comprehensive oscillo-scope-based disk drive analyzer. This newsolution addresses the needs of disk drive designengineers who demand superior signalacquisition, a wide range of measurements andthe measurement speeds to test to their fastestsignal speeds (above 1 Gb/s) while maintainingcompliance with IDEMA (the Association for theData Storage Industry) standards.

“The Tektronix TDS7404, with its 4-GHz band-width, 32-MB record length, and 20 GS/ssample rate, may provide an industry-leadingplatform for disk drive measurements, as well asother application areas” said Nahum Guzik,Guzik Technical Enterprise president. “In addition,the ability to work with Guzik to create thesesolutions in an Open Windows developmentenvironment highlights the extensibility of theTDS7000 Series,“ adds David Churchill,Tektronix, Inc. Instrumentation Business Unit vicepresident. For more information, visit Tektronix,Inc. and Guzik Technical Enterprises online atwww.tektronix.com and at www.guzik.com.

Dynalam™ 980 from Roush Anatroloffers Superior DampingPerformanceThe Dynalam 980 is laminated metal engineeredfor stamped sheet metal applications where noiseand vibration attenuation is desired. Productnoise and vibration is often generated by thevibrating surfaces of stamped metal components.The Dynalam product from Roush Anatrol hasbeen designed to damp vibration before it isradiated as noise, and before it can betransmitted to other system components.

The new Dynalam 980 product is a sandwichcomposite consisting of two layers of a sheetmetal alloy bonded together with the RoushAnatrol 980 (RA980), a unique high-dampingpolymeric adhesive. The polymeric core creates a bond and damping property that producesnoise and vibration controlling characteristics.The laminated product can be formed to createmany varieties of stamped metal components. For more information, visit the Roush AnatrolDivision online at www.roushind.com/anatrol.

Morning Planet Adwww.datastorex.com

DISK/SUBSTRATES COMMITTEENext Meeting: TBD*Please complete the IDEMA online Standards Survey*to let us know what standards are needed in thisarea.

Lube Thickness & Control Start/Stop(CSS) Testing SubcommitteeNext Meeting: TBD*The subcommittee recently sent to ballot a standardon FT-IR measurement of Disk Lubricants. The ElectronSpectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) is thenext standard to be balloted. Check the IDEMAWebsite at www.idema.org for updates on thesestandards. Please complete the IDEMA onlineStandards Survey* to let us know what standards areneeded in this area.

Disk Magnetics SubcommitteeNext Meeting: Nov. 8, 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. The subcommittee has successfully balloted the DiskMagnetometer Test Method. This test method will nowbe included in the IDEMA Standards Binder. The sub-committee is in the process of coordinating a jointproject with the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST). To kick off this partnership, Dr.Stephen Arnold of NIST presented a paper in Sep-tember at DISKCON USA titled “Magnetic StandardReference Materials for the Data Storage Industry.“The progress of this collaboration and the proposedround-robin test of the new Disk Magnetometer TestMethod will be discussed at the November meeting.

Optical Inspection SubcommitteeNext Meeting: TBD*Please complete the IDEMA online Standards

Survey* to let us know what standards areneeded in this area.

EMITTED SHOCK & VIBRATIONCOMMITTEENext Meeting: Nov. 7, 9 a.m. to NoonThe purpose of the Emitted Shock and Vibration(ESAV) committee is to create a useful standard that adequately describes a reproducible andreliable procedure for measuring and describingthe shock and vibration energy emitted by astorage device and transmitted to the housingsupporting the device. The committee has beentesting drives and I/O devices to normalize anddefine these shocks and vibrations. Some of thiswork focuses on structural transmission through a chassis system. It covers accelerance (whereaccelerance is defined as acceleration/force)measurements made on the system and the resultsof making some changes to the chassis. There is an interesting update on testing using different seek rates—results confirmed that the emitted shockand vibration scales linearly, with changes in seeksper second on a drive.

ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH &SAFETY (EHS) COMMITTEENext Meeting: TBD* Please complete the IDEMA online StandardsSurvey* to let us know what standards are neededin this area.

Energy Efficiency SubcommitteeNext Meeting: TBD* The subcommittee is progressing on a proposal formeasuring power consumption of a hard disk drive(watts per gig). The members of the subcommitteeare focusing on developing explicit definitions foreach variable, and how each one is measured.Please complete the IDEMA online StandardsSurvey* to let us know what standards are neededin this area.

ESD COMMITTEENext Meetings:Feb. 1, 2001, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.Apr. 19, 2001, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.The mission of the ESD committee is to identify andestablish ESD standards that are unique to HDDand not covered by other standards organizations.The work in progress currently includes standardsdealing with tweezers, ionization, wafer-leveltesting, materials-decay testing, and a glossary ofterminology. For more information on these subjectsas they become available, check the IDEMAWebsite at www.idema.org.

IDEMA has an active Standards Program with morethan 20 worldwide committees, subcommittees, andtaskforces covering critical issues facing the datastorage industry today. Members are encouragedto take an active role in the development of industry standards by attending meetings andparticipating in technical symposia offered throughout the year.

Check the IDEMA Website at www.idema.org forupcoming standards meetings, agendas anddirections. All meetings are held at the IDEMAoffice, 3255 Scott Blvd., Suite. 2-102, Santa Clara,CA (unless otherwise indicated).

StandardsManager, Kristen Montan408.330.8109

HDD RELIABILITY COMMITTEEUpcoming Meeting: TBD*Please complete the IDEMA online Standards Survey* to let usknow what standards are needed in this area.

HEADS COMMITTEENext Meeting: Nov. 16, 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.The committee is in discussion on the Femto Bond Pad Location,and a re-discussion of the Femto Head Pinout and PolarityConvention. At present, there appears to be a renewed interest in this measurement area—this topic will be covered at themeeting in November. Please complete the IDEMA onlineStandards Survey* to let us know what standards are needed inthis area.

MICROCONTAMINATION COMMITTEENext Meeting: TBD*The committee recently balloted a standard on OutgassingAnalysis for Running Drives by GC-MS, which passed thecommittee vote and is now in the procedural review process.Once it passes procedural review it will become part of theIDEMA Standards Binder. Please complete the IDEMA onlineStandards Survey* to let us know what standards are needed in this area.

Lab Correlation SubcommitteeNext Meeting: TBD*There is renewed interest in this subcommittee as more companieshave laboratories and manufacturing plants in many locations.Please complete the IDEMA online Standards Survey* to let usknow what standards are needed in this area.

Cleanroom Contamination SubcommitteeNext Meeting: TBD* Please complete the IDEMA online Standards Survey* to let usknow what standards are needed in this area.

*Check the IDEMA Website at www.idema.org for final dates andtimes, or to fill out the online Standards Survey.

Emitted Shock & Vibration CommitteeNov. 7, 9 a.m. to Noon

Disk Magnetics SubcommitteeNov. 8, 1:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.

Heads CommitteeNov. 16, 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.

ESD CommitteeFeb. 1, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.Apr. 19, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.

Novel Storage Technologies and ApplicationsSymposiumFeb. 14, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.The Westin Hotel, Santa Clara, CA

New Standards DevelopmentA workshop titled “Long Block Size” was held on Oct. 24, 2000 (atthe IDEMA office in Santa Clara, CA). The purpose was to determinewhether or not there is an interest in generating a new standard fordisk drives (in which the historical 512-byte record size would beexpanded to 4 kilobytes or the equivalent).

The workshop was spearheaded by Ed Grochowski of IBM; the newcommittee to be formed will be chaired by Martin Hassner of IBM.For more information, check the IDEMA Website at www.idema.org.

upupcoming meetingsworkshops and symposia

This year’s Technical Conference (shown at left)was designed to interest a wider storageaudience by expanding the number of sessions.Topics ranged from storage technologies andapplication requirements, to business outlooks forthe industry.

HIGHLIGHTS FROM DISKCON USAAttendanceTradeshow: 7,229Technical education classes: 397Technical conference sessions: 602Keynote dinner: 460

Exhibit space: 71,200 square feet Exhibitors: 314Booths sold: 712

Exhibitors from ASML Special Applications showtheir enthusiasm by donning new DISKCON polo

shirts, purchased at the IDEMA Gift Shop.Pictured above, from left to right: Geoff

Phillipps, Jeff Nickel, Ryan Young, MichelleHerrick, and Norbert Kappel.

This year’s KeynoteDinner speaker wasMichael Brown (shownat left), CEO andChairman of the Board,Quantum Corporation.

460 people attendedthis year’s KeynoteDinner (above).

Many exhibitors commented that the visitors stopping by their boothsthis year were exactly the people they were hopeing to reach.

DISKCON Asia-PacificPenang, Malaysia—Mar. 12, 2001Singapore—Mar. 14 & 15, 2001Over 80 percent of the world‘s disk drives are currently produced inSoutheast Asia, thus the task ofimplementing technology and streamlining production continues to be driven by this region. To assist companies in fulfilling theirmarketing plans for the Asia-Pacificregion, IDEMA presents DISKCONAsia-Pacific.

Exhibiting at DISKCON provides theperfect venue to showcase currentproduct offerings and technologies,and to educate participants aboutthese technologies. Booth space willbe sold on a first-come/first-servedbasis. Sponsorship opportunities arealso available.

Cost (per 2.5M x 3M booth):Members: S$2,500, U.S. $1,500 Nonmembers: S$2,900, U.S. $1,750

Companies located in North Americaand Europe should contact:

DISKCONIDEMA Show Group 3255 Scott Blvd., Suite 2-102Santa Clara, CA 95054-3013phone: 408.492.1436fax: 408.492-9749e-mail: showgroup@idema.org

Companies located in Southeast Asiaand Rest of World should contact:

IDEMA Asia-Pacific Show Coordinator 53 B Temple StreetSingapore 058598 phone: 65.226.3412 fax: 65.226.3413 e-mail: events-ap@idema.org

2001 EVENTS

DISKCON Asia-PacificPenang, MalaysiaMar. 12 Stamford Westin HotelSingaporeMar. 14 & 15

DISKCON Japan Tokyo Big Sight Tokyo, JapanApr. 18–20

DISKCON USASan Jose Convention CenterSan Jose, CASept. 18–20

The ever-popular IDEMATechnology Showcase (shown

above and at right) is one of themost highly trafficked areas on

the exhibit floor and features theworld’s largest collection of

milestone disk drive and industrymemorabilia. Attendees have the

opportunity to speak with JimPorter of DISK/TREND, Inc., one

of Silicon Valley’s most knowl-edgeable and highly respected

historians on the evolution of the

data storage industry.

Hands-on demonstrations area prevalent part of the highenergy existing on the exhibitshow floor (above and farbottom).

Lucent Tecwww.lucent.com

chnologiesmicro/storage

Advanced Materials for High BandwidthActuators (Part 1)Walter Prater and Amine Hajji, IBM—Storage Technology Division

The continuing magnetic disk drive industry goals forhigher recording density will require high-track density.Over the past several years, magnetic recording aerialdensities have increased from a 40-to-60 percentcompound growth rate, to today’s amazing 100 percentcompound growth rate, while data rates have soaredpast 60 Mbytes per second and average seek times havedropped below 5 msec. Roadmaps are now calling forareal density to reach 50 Gbits/in2 by the year 2003,with a corresponding track density of 70,000 tracks perinch (tpi).[1] Traditionally, the bit width (radial direct-ion) to bit length (circumferential direction) aspect ratiohas been hovering around fifteen to one. Focus hasshifted to making the tracks narrower which is key toachieving the aggressive aerial density targets, but thisdemands higher servo bandwidth to keep the headcentered on ever-decreasing track widths with minimaltrack misregistration (see Figure 1). These reasons en-courage designers to approach mechanical and materialssolutions to increase the servo bandwidth, improvingstructural frequency response while at the same timereducing both actuator power and seek time.

Servomechanical bandwidthServo system gain establishes the servo’s ability to keepthe heads following on-track against mechanical distur-bance to the disk spindle, actuator and suspensions. Gainis limited by the mechanical resonances of the actuator,of which there are many. To achieve aerial density goalsand higher performance, several mechanical changes toimprove servomechanical bandwidth have been effec-tively implemented on past generations of disk drives.First, rotating disk spindles faster at 10,000 to 15,000rpm helped to achieve lower latencies and, to someextent, higher data rates. By reducing the disk diameterand number of disks, both the power requirement anddisk flutter have decreased at these high rpms. Smallerdisks allow smaller, shorter actuators which by nature ofmechanical scaling, result in a higher servomechanicalbandwidth. Disk drive architects don’t always have theoption to increase spindle speed and decrease the formfactor to meet design goals of successive generations ofdisk drive. Economics generally favors staying with agiven mechanical platform in production for three to fivegenerations to maximize profitability. Smaller, lower

flying sliders are being mounted on shorter, stiffer sus-pensions, both of which contribute to higher overallservo bandwidth. But again, the drive architects cannotchange the slider and suspension design on subsequentgenerations for bandwidth improvements. Clearly, othersolutions are required.

As a rule of thumb, the servo bandwidth frequency isdetermined by 20% of the frequency of the lowestactuator resonance, often either the suspension’s firsttorsional mode or the actuator’s butterfly mode. In thisstudy, the butterfly mode for a standard actuator isaround 3600 Hz, limiting the servo bandwidth to 800Hz. An illustration of how increasing track density drivesthe requirement for increasing servo bandwidth is shownin Figure 1. As track pitch push past 20,000 tracks perinch, the servo bandwidth will need to go beyond the

Figure 1. Trends showing requirement of increasing servo bandwidth as track density grows and faster seek

times drive lower actuator rotational inertia.

continued on page 29

current value of 1 kHz. As read seek times decrease, alower rotational inertia actuator will be required, asshown in Figure 1.

There are several potential methods to improve servome-chanical bandwidth. Dual-stage actuators have a small(often electrostatic or piezoelectric) actuator mounted onthe slider or suspension, in conjunction with a traditionalrotary actuator. The large, low bandwidth, rotaryactuator performs the long seeks with the fine position-ing required to track follow, provided by the low inertia,high bandwidth electrostatic actuator. Suspensiondesigners have incorporated piezoelectric-driven finemilli-positioners that deflect the suspension into theirhigh bandwidth designs. These designs have the disad-vantages of additional cost, require more electrical linesand have questionable reliability. Improved servomechan-ical bandwidth can also be obtained by changing theE-block material. This paper will focus on the use ofcertain advanced materials for E-block to improve theservomechanical bandwidth and seek times.

E-block Material PerformanceAn actuator consists of the main structural membercalled the E-block, which supports a bonded coil on oneend and sliders on suspensions swaged to the tips of itsarms. The central bore hole receives a pivot bearing andan arm electronic module and flexible power cablemount to the side of the E-block. Replacing the tradi-tional 6061 aluminum E-block material with one thathas a high stiffness-to-density ratio is a low-risk way tosignificantly increase the servo bandwidth. Ideal materialproperty requirements are high stiffness (2 to 6 timesthat of aluminum), with density remaining about thesame as or less than aluminum. Good candidatematerials fall in three categories: 1) cermets (ceramicmetal composites), 2) metal matrix composites, and 3)beryllium alloys. Understanding these materials’microstructure and fabrication processes is key toexplaining their advanced properties and how thatimproves actuator performance.

In general, many of the major structural modes ofvibration of an actuator are governed by the E-block’smaterial and geometry. Fabricating the E-block out of astiff/light-weight material will have a positive effect onthe structural frequency response: the exact behaviordepends on the material chosen. Four major categories ofmaterials are available to the disk drive designer, theyare: 1) traditional metal alloys, 2) cermets,[2 & 3] 3)beryllium alloys,[4] and 4) metal matrix composites(MMCs).[5] The structural frequency increases with aparameter known as the specific modulus, which is thetensile modulus (stiffness) divided by the density. Notice in Figure 2 how the metals have a linear relation-ship of increasing density to a proportional increase intensile modulus, the slope of the line represents thespecific modulus for these metals. For example, if an E-block design is changed from light but flexible magne-sium, to slightly heavier and stiffer aluminum, the

structural frequency of the E-block will remain the samebecause the increase in stiffness is counterbalanced by theincrease in density. This applies to titanium and steel,which exhibit no improvement in the structural frquen-cies and make the actuator have higher inertia, thusconsuming more power. This trend is not followed by theadvanced materials under consideration. In the case ofpure beryllium, it is 30% lighter and 4.4 times stifferthan aluminum. For processing and cost considerations,the beryllium is alloyed with aluminum and not used inits pure state. Notice the negative slope of the line con-necting aluminum to beryllium, which means that asmore aluminum is replaced with beryllium, the alloy getsproportionally stiffer and lighter. In the case of siliconcarbide metal matrix composite, the slope of the line issteep and positive because silicon carbide is only 20%more dense (and 5.8 times more stiff) than aluminum.This means as more silicon carbide is added toaluminum, the metal matrix increases only slightly indensity while undergoing a big shift in stiffness. Similarly,another structural ceramic (boron carbide) is close indensity to aluminum but is 5 times stiffer, so again, acermet made with boron carbide and aluminum will haveroughly the same density and 5 times the stiffness.

Microstructure and ProcessesMicrostructural control of the advanced materials isneeded to obtain the desired performance and is deter-mined by the forming processes used. In the fourmaterials investigated, there is at least one light, stiffphase in majority while the compliant aluminumcomprises the minority phase. In Figure 3a, the structureof a 62% beryllium-38% aluminum alloy is shown.Because Be and Al are not miscible, the alloy was formedusing powders of Be and Al which were placed in amalleable canister, evacuated (to prevent oxidation andporosity), hot pressed, and then hot extruded. Fineberyllium particles (gray) are seen to have joined while

Figure 2. Advanced E-block material properties showingrelationship of stiffness versus density.

OMG Fidelity

continued from page 27

the aluminum (white) became liquid and flowed sur-rounding the beryllium. This technique creates a fine,uniform microstructure. Since the majority phase isberyllium, the alloy’s properties will be closest toberyllium and be light and stiff.

A micrograph of the cermet aluminum boron carbide(AlBC) is shown in Figure 3b. A complex, five-phasestructure is evident with phases varying in size, color,morphology, and distribution. To make AlBC mixtures offine powders of metallic aluminum and boron carbideare blended with binders (they can be injection molded),and are then reaction bonded at high temperature andpressure, to initiate chemical reactions between thealuminum, carbon and boron. What results is a cermetthat is extremely stiff, light weight, has good thermalconductivity, and is electrically conductive.

Large particles of hard, stiff silicon carbide (dark) aresurrounded by smaller particles of SiC, all of which areembedded in a matrix of aluminum (see Figure 3c).Pressure infusion casting is the preferred method tofabricate this high-percentage fill MMC. In this process,a mixture of large and small reinforcing particles are

blended with a binder and then compacted in a die tomake a ceramic preform. Following debinding, theporous ceramic preform is placed in a copper-carboncomposite die for casting. Molten aluminum is drawninto the casting die under vacuum, where it infuses thepreform by penetrating the pores under the driving forceof capillary action. The result is an MMC with a highceramic content that is discontinuous, surrounded by acontinuous aluminum phase. The SiC imparts highstrength and high stiffness without detracting from thedensity, and the aluminum provides improved fracturetoughness and electrical conductivity.

Casting of beryllium aluminum results in a differentmicrostructure than hot pressing. A pebbly structurearises from applying vibrations to the mold as the alloycools, and the addition of small quantities of alloyingelememnts (Ag, Co and Ge) to break up the naturallyoccurring dendritic structure. This process produced alarge, oblate phase of beryllium surrounded by a smallbut continuous phase of aluminum, as seen in Figure 3d.As before, the beryllium imparts high strength, highstiffness, reduces the density, and yet this alloy is ductile.

This ends Part 1 of 2 for Advanced Materials for HighBandwidth Actuators (by Walter Prater and AmineHajji, IBM—Storage Technology Division). Look forPart 2, scheduled to appear in the next issue ofINSIGHT, published in 2001.

Figure 3. Micrographs showing phase structure andmorphology of: a) 62%beryllium-38%aluminum alloy, b)

aluminum-boron-carbide cermet, c) aluminum-68% siliconcarbide metal matrix composite and, d) 65%beryllium-

31%aluminum-4%AgGeCo alloy.

Keynote Dinner PresentationQuantum Corporation Chairman and CEO MichaelBrown presented his views on current trends and oppor-tunities in the data storage industry at the DISKCONUSA Keynote Dinner, held Sept. 19 at The Westin Hotelin Santa Clara, CA.

For a copy of his presentation (including video footage),please visit the Quantum Website at www.quantum.com.

2001 EventsThe following dates have been confirmed for theQuarterly Dinner Meetings scheduled for 2001. Checkthe IDEMA Website at www.idema.org for furtherupdates regarding keynote speakers.

Feb. 15, May 24, July 19, Nov. 8

Director ofServices, Debbie Lee408.330.8108

Helping to promote IDEMA member companies is one of the services thatIDEMA takes great pride in providing each of you. Two of the best examplesof this are: 1) our annual Directory of Products and Services for the Disk

Drive Industry, and 2) the Disk Drive World Map Calendar.

By now, most of you have received your new IDEMA membership directory for2001. In an effort to further promote the members of IDEMA, the directory is

printed and distributed annually to members around the world—in time forDISKCON USA, the world’s largest tradeshow and technical conference dedicated to

the data storage industry. Corporate members receive up to ten complimentary copiesof the directory (a $250 value). Copies are also distributed freely at numerous literature kioskslocated throughout the San Jose Convention Center during DISKCON USA. By making thisvaluable tool available to all members, as well as everyone attending DISKCON, we are puttingyour company’s vital information in the hands of the movers and the shakers in the datastorage industry.

You may have noticed that this year IDEMA used a new process to gather information for thedirectory—via an online directory available on the IDEMA Website. Each member company wasgiven a unique password (issued to an employee designated as the IDEMA “corporate contact“)to enable real-time access to their online directory listing (24 hours a day/7 days a week). Ourgoal was to give members the ability to own/update their company and product informationthemselves (whenever changes in the organization occur), without having to contact IDEMA todo so. When passwords were issued, members were also advised to review and update theironline information (before the scheduled cutoff date), which would then be exported from theonline database and used for the printed directory.

As with any new process, there were a few glitches, but overall the directory turned out great.This new procedure for gathering information about members is just one example of howIDEMA is constantly looking for new ways to improve processes and thereby improve servicesand benefits offered to our members. If you have questions about your current listing (onlineor in print), please contact your “corporate contact“ for IDEMA activities and services—theywill be happy to work with you to keep the information up to date (If you’re uncertain whothat person is, you will find thatinformation with your company’slisting in the online membershipdirectory located atwww.idema.org).

Another very popular promotionalopportunity provided to IDEMAmembers is the annual publication ofthe “Disk Drive World Map andCalendar.” This beautiful calendar isalso released during DISKCON USAso that member companies receivemaximum exposure from their participation. This year’s map was prominently displayedthroughout the DISKCON exhibit show floor and was sold at the IDEMA Gift Shop. As a memberbenefit, the names of all IDEMA corporate members are foil-stamped along the outer perimeterof the map, free of charge—they also receive one complimentary copy. Companies whopurchase space on the map calendar have their company logo, with a picture of their building(optional), displayed geographically on the map as well—and receive 20–30 copies perlocation. If you wish to purchase a map calendar, please visit the IDEMA Website atwww.idema.org and order one today.

With 2001 fast approaching, the IDEMA Membership Committee is already hard at workplanning activities, services, and benefits guaranteed to make the coming year a successful onefor all of us.

Dupont Adwww.dupont.com/vertrel

Ronnie Lott (left)and Keena Turnerthanked the golfparticipants fortheir generouscontributions atthe post-tournamentAwards Banquet.

The 5th annual Mark Geenen Technology for Youth Charity Golf Tournament, held onSept. 18, 2000 at the Castlewood Country Club in Pleasanton, CA, was a rousingsuccess. Despite temperatures that went above 100 degrees, over 200 golfers from 41companies, and volunteers from all over the Bay Area, came together to enjoy acompetitive scramble format tournament and to contribute to a very worthy charity.

Once again IDEMA has teamed with former San Francisco 49er and “Hall-of-Famer“Ronnie Lott and his charity “All Stars Helping Kids,“ to raise $50,000 for the EastsideCollege Preparatory School. All Stars Helping Kids is a nonprofit organization(founded in 1989) based on the practical notion that a community can and shouldmake a meaningful contribution to the lives of children facing adversity. Eastside Prep,a privately funded educational institution located in East Palo Alto, CA (one of SiliconValley’s poorest communities academically), is providing unparalleled educationalopportunities for local residents. The first class of eight graduating students fromEastside Prep this year have all been admitted to four-year universities—a first for allof the families involved.

At the post-tournament Awards Banquet, Ronnie spoke about the many “start-ups“here in Silicon Valley and the wealth generated because of them. He then pointed outthat a “start-up“ that is making one of the most important impacts on our community isthe one that was founded and directed by Stanford graduate Chris Bischof—EastsideCollege Preparatory School. Lives are being changed daily as kids are offered theopportunity for an education that would not otherwise have been possible if not forChris Bischof and Eastside Prep. Chris has dedicated his life to creating a schoolenvironment where these youngsters are encouraged to excel academically and wherethey can be proud of the accomplishments they achieve towards reaching that goal.

“What Chris Bischof and Eastside Prep are doing is simply phenomenal,“ stated MarkGeenen. “There are many charities with which IDEMA can cooperate, but we arethrilled to be working with All Stars Helping Kids and Eastside Prep. The school ismaking fundamental changes and creating opportunities that never before existed fordisadvantaged youth.“

IDEMA is proud to have played an integral part in creating this opportunity for ourindustry to make a big difference in lives less fortunate than our own.

If you missed out on the opportunity to participate in the golf tournament, you may stillcontribute to this worthy cause by sending in a generous check donation madepayable to All Stars Helping Kids (all donations are tax-deductible). Please senddirectly to IDEMA, to the attention of Debbie Lee. For more information on All StarsHelping Kids, contact Jill Peterson at 650-363-1395 or visit their website atwww.allstars.kids.org.

Volunteers helping with registration and check in.

Charity Golf Tournament Raises $50,000for All Stars Helping Kids

5 T H A N N U A L M A R K G E E N E N T E C H N O L O G Y F O R Y O U T H

CHARITYGOLFTOURNAMENT

Contest Winners Prize

Overall Tournament Winners (photo above):First Place Wayne Kestermont, Lloyd Hennessey, Perpetual trophy

Kerry O’Neal & Rich Bangle (PureTech foursome)

Hill Course Winners:First Place Wayne Kestermont, Lloyd Hennessey, Trophies & Nevada Bob’s gift certificates

Kerry O’Neal & Rich Bangle (PureTech foursome)

Second Place Bill Lewis, Bruce Salera, Trophies & golf shirtsDavid Gates, & Pat Tenney (TRENDFOCUS, Inc. foursome)

Third Place Randy Meadows, Chris Bentley, Trophies & tee shirtsAustin Jones, & Michelle Hale (Texwipe foursome)

Men’s Closest to Pin Contest Misha Rosenberg Daido driverMen’s Longest Drive Contest Lloyd Hennessey Matsubo putterMen’s Most Accurate Drive Contest Rich Bangle Driver from Interactive GolfPredict Distance Contest Eric Slatek & Johnny Gosset (Tied) Ariba computer bag & golf picture

Valley Course Winners:First Place Jeffrey Tan, Randy Curtis, Trophies & Nevada Bob’s gift certificates

Hank Pselos, & Dick Thompson (Xyratex foursome)

Second Place Art Honegger, Dennis Charlebois, Trophies & golf shirtsJasbir Atwal & John Foo (DRS Ahead Technology foursome)

Third Place Janet Riechers, Paul Kalil, Trophies & tee shirtsJerry Rislove & Bob Johnson (Chemready Filter foursome)

Men’s Closest to Pin Contest Mike Mifsud KLA putterMen’s Longest Drive Contest Matt Watson Matsubo putterWomen’s Longest Drive Contest Janet Riechers Solid State Equipment putterMen’s Most Accurate Drive Contest Joe Allen Interactive Golf driverWomen’s Most Accurate Janet Riechers Chipper from Nevada Bob’s

Drive ContestPredict Distance Contest Hank Pselos Ariba computer bag & golf picture

Miscellaneous Winners:Chipping Contest Craig Metheany Electric putting machine & dozen golf ballsPutting Contest Kerry O’Neal Daido driver

IDEMA warmly thanks everyone whoparticipated in the 5th Annual MarkGeenen Technolgy for Youth Charity GolfTournament. Each player and volunteerhelped former San Francisco 49er and“Hall-of-Famer” Ronnie Lott and hischarity ”All Stars Helping Kids,” to raise$50,000 for the Eastside CollegePreparatory School.

Overall Tournament Winners

RAFFLE PRIZE WINNERSPrize Winner49er tickets & backstage pass for Sam Shahidi

Ronnie Lott Post-Game show$100 gift certificate at City Grill Restaurant Ray Martin$100 gift certificate at City Grill Restaurant Gianna Leonarduzzi$25 gift certificate at Nevada Bob's Jerry Clark4 tickets to “A Night of Music, Art & Heart” Maury McKennaGolf bag & a dozen golf balls Vic GinesGolf bag & a dozen golf balls Dennis CharleboisGolf bag & a dozen golf balls Will CobbGolf bag & a dozen golf balls Doug CampbellIn and Out Burger tee shirts, golf B. Kayhour

shirts & gift certificatesJerry Rice helmet Jeff RhotonJoe Montana football Wayne KlusmeierRonnie Lott football jersey Bill HarrisSaturday night stay & Sunday Harvey Kroll

brunch at San Jose HyattSaturday night stay & Sunday Gerry Nicklas

brunch at San Jose HyattSouthwest Airlines tckets Rudy BoyntanSteve Young football Oz FundingslandWeekend stay & breakfast for two Gerry Nicklas

at The Westin Hotel, Santa Clara

SPONSORSHIPS & DONATIONSContest Sponsors DescriptionAriba, Inc. Predict Distance ContestKLA-Tencor Corporation Chipping ContestLucent Technologies Hole-in-One Contest

Microelectronics GroupTRENDFOCUS, Inc. Putting Contest

Hole Sponsors DescriptionADE 1 HoleAriba, Inc. 2 HolesBaxter and Associates 1 HoleEntegris 2 HolesHMT Technology 1 HoleIBM OEM Technology Group 2 Holes Intevac, Inc. 1 HoleKLA-Tencor Corporation 2 HolesKomag, Inc. 1 HoleLucent Technologies Microelectronics 2 Holes

GroupMaxtor Corporation 1 HoleMotion Control Systems, Inc. 1 HoleQuantum Corporation 1 HoleSeagate Technology 2 HolesTerry L. Wetterman, Sr., Corporate 2 Holes

Mergers & Technology Acquisitions, Inc.

TRENDFOCUS, Inc. 2 HolesUltratech Stepper, Inc. 2 HolesVeeco Instruments, Inc. 2 HolesWestern Digital Corporation 2 HolesXyratex International 2 Holes

Contest Prize Donations DescriptionAriba, Inc. Computer bag &

goodie bag prizeDaido Steel Co., Ltd. 3 driversKLA-Tencor Corporation Putter & golf ballsLucent Technologies Microelectronics Goodie bag prize

GroupMatsubo Company (America) Inc. 2 puttersNHK International Corporation Golf balls for goodie bagSolid State Equipment Corporation 1 putterUSI Manufacturing Services Barrel of golf balls Xyratex International Golf balls for goodie bagWayne Fortun Personal contributionSteve Luczo Personal contributionK.Y. Phua Personal contributionPatrick M. Tenney Personal contribution

Raffle Prize Donations DescriptionIn and Out Burger Golf/tee shirts, jacket & couponsMission Peak Promotions 4 golf bagsNevada Bob's Golf & Tennis $100 in gift certificatesCity Grill Restaurant $100 in gift certificates (2)San Jose Hyatt Hotel Weekend stay &

Sunday Brunch for two (2)Southwest Airlines 2 roundtrip airline ticketsThe Westin Hotel, Santa Clara Weekend stay dinner for two (1)

Food Donations DescriptionDryers Ice Cream Ice cream barsFuzio Universal Pasta Restaurant Martini BarIBM OEM Technology Group Beverage cartSeagate Technology Awards dinnerThe Texwipe Company Beverage cartU.S. Cold Storage Dry ice

Enthusiasticraffle winners(Mike Mifsud,top left, WayneKlusmeier, top,and Bill Harris,left) werepresented theirprizes fromIDEMA Directorof ServicesDebbie Lee.

COMMITTEE & TOURNAMENT VOLUNTEERSGolf Committee: Jon Anderson, Dave Frost, Oz Fundingsland, MarkGeenen, Don Landsittel, Debbie Lee,* Maury McKenna, Gerry Nicklas,and Bill Reardon.

Tournamemnt Volunteers: Jane Armstrong, Sally Casas, Elaine Casel,Corina Colantino, April Dambrosio, Carmen Donovan, Judy Eischen,Lisa Elliott, Katie Gerber, Gerald Gressley, Trudy Gressley,* Lisa Hood,*Yoly Howell, Kenny Jackson, Don Landsittel, Darci Motta, Sharon Parks,Shawna Preciado, Paul Smith, Frank Uda, and Vicki Wolfe.

*IDEMA Staff

Nov. 15IDEMA Asia-PacificCertificate of Competencein Storage Technology:HDD Manufacturing Basics(Core Module)SingaporeAs a joint effort betweenIDEMA Asia-Pacific andSingapore Polytechnic (SP),this program addresses theneed to stay current withrapid developments in theindustry’s progress. Designedfor anyone desiring thetechnical foundation tobecome more effective andproductive in the datastorage industry. Modules areindependent and can beattended separately.Contact: IDEMA Asia-Pacificeducation-ap@idema.org+65-226-4237

Nov. 16IDEMA Asia-PacificCertificate of Competencein Storage Technology:Media ManufacturingBasics (Elective Module)SingaporeContact: IDEMA Asia-Pacificeducation-ap@idema.org+65-226-4237

Nov. 17IDEMA Asia-PacificCertificate of Competencein Storage Technology:Fundamentals of HeadTechnology (Core Module)SingaporeContact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific education-ap@idema.org+65-226-4237

Nov. 23IDEMA Asia-PacificCertificate of Competencein Storage Technology:ESD/Disk Drive Handling(Core Module)SingaporeContact: IDEMA Asia-Pacificeducation-ap@idema.org +65-226-4237

Nov. 24IDEMA Asia-PacificCertificate of Competencein Storage Technology:Disk Drive Reliability (CoreModule)SingaporeContact: IDEMA Asia-Pacificeducation-ap@idema.org+65-226-4237

Nov. 27Call for Papers (AbstractDue): Novel StorageTechnologies & Applica-tions Symposium on Feb.14, 2001Contact: Kristen Montankmontan@idema.org408-330-8109

Nov. 30IDEMA Asia-PacificCertificate of Competencein Storage Technology:PRML Basics (ElectiveModule)SingaporeContact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific education-ap@idema.org+65-226-4237

November 2000

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December 2000 Dec. 1IDEMA Asia-PacificCertificate of Competencein Storage Technology:Head ManufacturingBasics (Elective Module)SingaporeContact: IDEMA Asia-Pacific education-ap@idema.org+65-226-4237

Dec. 1Call for Papers (AbstractDue): 2nd InternationalSymposium on LaserPrecision Microfabrication(LPM2001) on May 16–18Data Storage Institute (DSI)SingaporeContact: Goh Yeow Whattlpm2001@dsi.nus.edu.sg+65 777 1349 (fax)

Dec. 6IDEMA HR RoundtableMeeting: Implementing aGlobal Focal System Contact: Sally Bryant sbryant@idema.org 408.330.8106

Dec. 14Workforce Silicon ValleyEngineering TechnologyConsortium Assist in the process to de-velop educational programsand curriculum that will helpproduce the highly skilledworkers and professionalsneeded in Silicon Valley. Contact: Rendee Dore' rdore@wsv.org 408-271-3930

Event information listed is taken from theIDEMA online calendar—available to thegeneral public for adding calendar events. Visitwww.idema.org and click on Events and thenIndustry Calendar in the navigation bar. You canadd as many events as you wish along with abrief description OR referencing URL. ContactChris Carrig (ccarrig@idema.org) for additionalinformation.

2001 Events

Jan. 8–118th Joint Magnetism &Magnetics Materials (MMM)INTERMAG ConferenceSan Antonio, TXContact: Courtesy Associatesmagnetism@courtesyassoc.com202-973-8668

Jan. 12Call for Papers (1-ParagraphAbstract Due): 12th ISPSSymposium on Jun. 27–29Santa Clara, CAContact: Mike Suk suk@technologist.com 408-256-6435

Jan. 22Call for Papers (AbstractDue): Understanding ESD inMagnetic RecordingSymposium on Apr. 18Contact: Kristen Montankmontan@idema.org408-330-8109

Feb. 14Novel Storage Technologies& Applications SymposiumThe Westin Hotel—SantaClara, CASubjects covered: Flash,microdrives, SMART cards,and non-traditional, removablestorage devices and systems.Contact: Kristen Montankmontan@idema.org408-330-8109

Feb. 15IDEMA Quarterly DinnerMeeting The Westin Hotel—SantaClara, CAContact: Review event detailsand register online!www.idema.org

Mar. 14 & 15DISKCON Asia-PacificThe Westin Stamford Hotel—SingaporeContact: IDEMA Asia-Pacificevents-ap@idema.org+65-226-3412

Apr. 18Understanding ESD inMagnetic RecordingSymposium The Westin Hotel—SantaClara, CASubjects covered: ESDprotection of MR/GMRheads, tunneling MR (TMR)devices and ESD, designconsiderations for controllingESD in HDDs, and ESD andEMI testing for heads anddrives.Contact: Kristen Montankmontan@idema.org408-330-8109

Apr. 18–20DISKCON Japan Tokyo Big Sight—Tokyo,JapanContact: IDEMA Japan+81-3-3539-7071

May 16–182nd InternationalSymposium on LaserPrecision Microfabrication(LPM2001)Data Storage Institute (DSI)SingaporeLaser-materials interaction isbecoming one of the mostattractive areas of researchfocus. The rapid developmentof laser technology in theaspects of short pulse andshort wavelength enableslaser precision microfabrica-tion (LPM) to be moreapplicable to electronics,optoelectronics, and medicaldevice industries. For furtherinformation, visit DSI online atwww.dsi.nus.edu.sg/tracks/laser/Lpm2001.Contact: Goh Yeow Whattlpm2001@dsi.nus.edu.sg+65 777 1349 (fax)

May 24IDEMA Quarterly DinnerMeeting The Westin Hotel—SantaClara, CAContact: Review event detailsand register online!www.idema.org

Jun. 27–2912th ISPS SymposiumSanta Clara, CAWill focus on recent researchresults on disk drives, tapedrives, optical drives, printers,and camera technology. Contact: Mike Suk suk@technologist.com 408-256-6435

Jun. 21Advanced Head InterfaceTechnology SymposiumMinneapolis, MNSubjects covered: heads,suspensions (flex andwireless), microactuation, anddisk interface technologies.Contact: Kristen Montankmontan@idema.org408-330-8109

Jul. 19IDEMA Quarterly DinnerMeeting The Westin Hotel—SantaClara, CAContact: Review event detailsand register online!www.idema.org

Sept. 18–20DISKCON USASan Jose Convention Center—San Jose, CAContact: IDEMA Show Groupshowgroup@idema.org408-492-1436

Nov. 8IDEMA Quarterly DinnerMeeting The Westin Hotel—SantaClara, CAContact: Review event detailsand register online!www.idema.org

Eastman ChemicalCompany Ad

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Tegal Corporationwww..tegal.com

Advertiser IndexVeeco Process Equipment—www.veeco.com/cluster inside front coverAvery Dennison—www.averydennison.com page 7GE Micron Products—www.AbrasivesNet.com page 8CDS Analytical, Inc. page 9Texas Instruments—www.ti.com/sc/7068 page 11Seagate Recording Media Operations—www.seagate.com page 13Manufacturing Technology Inc. (MTI)—www.mtionline.com page 14Morning Planet—www.datastorex.com page 19Lucent Technologies—www.lucent.com/micro/storage center spreadOMG Fidelity—www.omgi.com page 28DuPont—www.dupont.com/vertrel page 31Eastman Chemical Company—www.eastman.com page 37Tegal Corporation—www.tegal.com page 38Veeco Metrology Group—www.metro.veeco.com page 42Engis Corporation—www.engis.com page 45

IDEMA is now accepting abstracts for articles to be

published in INSIGHT magazine. Contributed articles

should address topics of interest to IDEMA members

and/or their customers. Authors interested in submitting

an abstract for consideration may contact INSIGHT’s

editor, Jeri Burdick, at jburdick@idema.org, or visit

www.idema.org to review author guidelines and

submission requirements.

authorswanted

Thanks to 2000 AdvertisersWe would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge andthank the following IDEMA member companies (listed byadvertising dollars spent), for choosing INSIGHT magazineto showcase their advertising message:

Lucent TechnologiesVeeco Process EquipmentCDS Analytical, Inc.Manufacturing Technology Inc. (MTI)Texas InstrumentsVeeco Metrology GroupDuPontEastman Chemical CompanyEFD Inc.Seagate TechnologyIon SystemsEngis CorporationGE Micron ProductsOryx Advanced Materials, Inc.ASML Special ApplicationsPhase MetricsStäubli UnimationTegal CorporationMorning PlanetAvery DennisonPraxair Surface TechnologiesKLA-Tencor CorporationMMC TechnologyOMG FidelityThe Texwipe CompanyVTC Inc.HDI InstrumentationHewlett-Packard Co.CBL Data Recovery Technologies

Asia-Pacific Management CommitteeIDEMA Staff Liaison: K.Y. PhuaFormed on Sept. 15, 1999 with Dr. PornchaiPiemsomboon, senior VP at Seagate Technology, asthe first chairman.

Communications CommitteeIDEMA Staff Liaison: Jeri Burdick(see Committee Focus article in theNovember/December 1999 issue of INSIGHT)Increase awareness of the data storage industry andassociated technologies through the ongoingacquisition of high-quality technical articles publishedin INSIGHT. Committee members add value bysharing their technical expertise and industryviewpoints to determine the editorial focus for eachissue. Areas of focus are determined in the annualeditorial calendar, with authors actively solicitedthroughout the year based on those areas. Committeemembers review and approve all article abstracts fortechnical credibility and relevance prior to beingaccepted for publication in INSIGHT.

Dinner Committee IDEMA Staff Liaison: Debbie LeeArrange programs for IDEMA’s Quarterly Dinners,which are stimulating and informative, and provide aregular meeting place for the industry’s participants.Dinner topics will be of importance to the datastorage industry, and speakers selected to present willbe considered leading authorities on those topics.

DISKCON Tradeshow CommitteeIDEMA Staff Liaison: Barbara AlvarezDiscuss and recommend the general direction andstrategy for the DISKCON tradeshows. Review imple-

IDEMA Committees

mentation plans for DISKCON and make suggestionsfor improvement and growth. Assist in planningDISKCON by making projections and forecasts ofindustry participation at DISKCON. Address specificissues brought to the committee's attention.

Education/Training CommitteeIDEMA Staff Liaison: Sally BryantDetermine the focus of educational and trainingcurriculum provided to members.

Exhibitors CommitteeIDEMA Staff Liaison: Barbara AlvarezAct as focus group, meeting twice a year (in Februaryor May and in September at DISKCON) to getfeedback from exhibiting companies.

Finance Committee IDEMA Staff Liaison: Trudy GressleyOversee the financial activities of the association toensure compliance with industry/governmentregulations.

Golf Committee IDEMA Staff Liaison: Debbie LeeOrganize annual charity golf tournament inconjunction with DISKCON USA. The focus of thetournament is to help charities that enable underprivi-leged youth by providing access to technology thatthey would not otherwise have.

As a membership organization, IDEMA depends on the dedication and commitment of itsmembers to ensure the vitality of association programs. Each year members serve on IDEMAcommittees to oversee association governance, honors and awards, publications, and profes-sional services.

If you would be interested in participating on any of the active committees listed below,contact the designated IDEMA staff liaison for further information:

International Executive CommitteeIDEMA Staff Liaison: Larry EischenTo help members meet the challenge of a global industry, IDEMAformed the International Executive Committee (IEC). Ensure globalfocus of IDEMA by considering investment strategies for deliveryof services, organization and deployment of IDEMA staff andoptimization of communications to member companiesworldwide. Recommendations of the IEC will be communicated tothe regional management of IDEMA for implementation. The IECis a ten-member committee comprised of three members fromeach of IDEMA’s regions plus the IDEMA president.

International Technical Sessions CommitteeIDEMA Staff Liaison: Kristen Montan(see Committee Focus article in the September/October 1999issue of INSIGHT)To attract the critical mass audience, educate them about thelatest technology and provide a general roadmap to the diskdrive industry.

Membership Committee IDEMA Staff Liaison: Debbie LeeAttract the customers of disk drive manufacturers by presentingIDEMA to them as the ultimate data storage information sourceand increase IDEMA worldwide membership and active partici-pation in IDEMA.

Standards CommitteeIDEMA Staff Liaison: Kristen MontanIDEMA standards committees strive to develop and establishinternationally approved standards for the data storage industry.The committees consist of volunteers from throughout the industrywho dedicate their time to address issues related to standardsdevelopment.

The active Standards committees and associatedsubcommittees are:

Disk/Substrates • Lube Thickness & Control Start/Stop (CSS) Testing• Disk Magnetics—(see Committee Focus article in theMarch/April 2000 issue of INSIGHT)• Optical Inspection

Emitted Shock and Vibration—(see Committee Focus article inthe January/February 1999 issue of INSIGHT)

Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS)• Energy Efficiency

ESD

HDD Reliability—(see Committee Focus article in theMay/June 1999 issue of INSIGHT)

Heads —(see Committee Focus article in theJanuary/February 2000 issue of INSIGHT)

Microcontamination• Lab Correlation• Cleanroom Contamination —(see Committee Focus article inthe July/August 1999 issue of INSIGHT)

Symposium Planning Committee IDEMA Staff Liaison: Kristen Montan(see Committee Focus article in the July/August 2000 issue ofINSIGHT)Develop, organize and deliver high quality, timely, and relevantsymposia to IDEMA members. Topics are selected from memberinput through surveys conducted at symposia and at DISKCON.

Technology Showcase CommitteeIDEMA Staff Liaison: Larry EischenPreserve historical information regarding the evolution of the datastorage industry and associated technologies through exhibitsthat display the significant milestone disk drives. The exhibits willbe contributed to the Computer Museum’s Computer HistoryCenter, upon completion of the museum’s planned building.

University Committee IDEMA Staff Liaison: Sally Bryant(see Committee Focus articles in the May/June 2000 and March/April 1999 issues of INSIGHT)To promote the advanced study of technologies of the disk driveand to improve the communication between the universities andIDEMA membership via a committee containing members fromboth groups. Cooperative activities to date include the FellowshipProgram and a DISKCON University Forum in which theFellowship winners receive their awards and describe their workin the field.

As of 2000, the committee’s accomplishments include five yearsof fellowship scholarships awarded to outstanding students ofmember universities across the country, as well as five years ofpublishing papers from winning students and distributing them atthe University Forum and to any IDEMA member requestingthem. Thus the details of the work sponsored is given back to themembership as an additional benefit.

Participation in the University Committee is open to representa-tives from universities having masters and doctorate programsrelevant to the data storage industry and to IDEMA membersqualified to review programs of work submitted by the students.

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IDEMA is now accepting abstracts for papers to be presented atsymposia in 2001. Abstracts are reviewed by our SymposiaCommittee, with speakers selected from the top submissions.

Don’t get left behind ... contact standards program managerKristen Montan for additional information and guidelines.

ready...set...GO!

Novel Storage Technologies and Applications Feb. 14The Westin Hotel—Santa Clara, CASubjects covered: Flash, microdrives, SMART cards, and non-traditional, removable storage devices and systems.Submit abstracts: No later than Nov. 27, 2000

Understanding ESD in Magnetic Recording Apr. 18The Westin Hotel—Santa Clara, CASubjects covered: ESD protection of MR/GMR heads, tunneling MR (TMR) devices and ESD, design consid-erations for controlling ESD in HDDs, and ESD and EMI testing for heads and drives.Submit abstracts: No later than Jan. 22

Advanced Head Interface Technology Jun. 21Location to be Announced—Minneapolis, MNSubjects covered: heads, suspensions (flex and wireless), microactuation, and disk interface technologies. Submit abstracts: No later than Mar. 26

Abstracts submitted must be 250 words or less and should address topics of interest to IDEMA membersand/or their customers (see subjects covered, referenced above).

When submitting abstracts, prospective authors should also send a personal bio of 50 words or less, alongwith a cover sheet that includes contact information (name, company, address, telephone/fax numbers,and e-mail address).

Abstracts (with bio and contact information) should be sent by mail, fax or e-mail to:Kristen Montan, Standards Program ManagerIDEMA3255 Scott Blvd., Suite 2-102Santa Clara, CA 95054fax: 408.492.1425e-mail: Kristen Montan <kmontan@idema.org>

Satisfied Customers Give RaveReviews for Education Classesoffered at DISKCON USA 2000! IDEMA‘s technical educational classes continue togarner excellent reviews. Here is a short sample ofsome of the comments made by this year‘s attendeesregarding these class offerings—designed to help youkeep pace with the industry:

”Excellent instructor, interesting, very knowledgeable.””Fantastic overview. Analogies made conceptseasy to understand.””Instructor‘s ability to communicate was particu-larly effective.””Anyone involved in the disk drive manufacturingcould benefit from the information provided.” ”Excellent overview! Instructor was fabulous! Thebest I‘ve ever had in a course.”

IDEMA offered 16 classes at DISKCON to an enthusi-astic audience. Several classes, including Disk DriveBasics, Head-Disk Interface, Introduction to GMRHead Technology and KnowledgeTek‘s The CuttingEdge were sold out. If you were one of the peoplewho couldn‘t get the class you wanted at DISKCON,call Sally Bryant to see about scheduling a class foryour company or visit the IDEMA Website atwww.idema.org for a public class schedule.

irector ofducation,ally Bryant,d.D.08.330.8106

Today’s fast-paced storage industry requires employees to have current knowledge

of industry products and their technologies. To help you keep current, IDEMA

offers high-quality technical education classes worldwide, on-site and at

IDEMA in Santa Clara, CA. These affordable, comprehensive classes offer

storage professionals the technical information needed to keep pace in

today’s dynamic disk drive industry. To learn more about IDEMA’s

Education Program or to schedule an on-site class, contact Sally Bryant at

408.330.8106 or sbryant@idema.org.

University Fellows‘ ResearchPresented at DISKCONIDEMA awards fellowships annually to the topthree graduate students in the field of magneticrecording. To date, IDEMA has awarded$200,000. This year‘s winners included: Nian-xiang Sun, Stanford University; Hongwei Song,Carnegie Mellon University; and Baekho Heo,University of Washington.

• Nian-xiang‘s research focuses on ”HighSaturation Magnetization Soft Materials forInductive Write Heads.”

• Hongwei Song offered his research on ”IterativeEqualization and Decoding for High-DensityData Storage.” The objective of his research isto illustrate that turbo/LDPC codes, withiterative soft decoding structures, can provideimproved BER performance in data storagechannels.

• Baekho Heo shared his research on ”Flow-Induced Disk Vibration of Hard Disk Drives.”Baekho has developed a Velcro treatment insidebase casings that modifies turbulent boundarylayers and can substantially reduce disk flutter.

Their presentations are available online atwww.idema.org.

Applications for the 2001–2002 year willbe available in late January. To learnmore about the Fellowship Program,contact Sally Bryant.

Discovery ”E” (E for Engineering)—Savethese dates: Feb. 19–25, 2001The Discovery ”E” program is designed to increase studentappreciation and understanding of the engineering professionsand to foster student interest in applied mathematics, theengineering sciences and technologies, while also stressing theimportance of mathematics and science education. Engineersfrom local corporations will visit classrooms to share with studentsthe excitement and rewards associated with being an engineer.

If you are an engineer and would like to participate in thisrewarding program, contact Rendee Dore‘ from WorkforceSilicon Valley at 408.271.3930.

IDEMA Classes Presented in Asia-PacificIDEMA presented classes on Head-Disk Interface, Introduction toDisk Drive Interfaces, and Introduction to PRML to SeagateTechnology and IBM in Thailand, and at the Hong KongUniversity of Science and Technology in Hong Kong. All classesare available in public forums or can be presented by priorarrangement within your own facility—contact Sally Bryant formore information.

The IDEMA/KnowledgeTek AllianceOur alliance with KnowledgeTek, a proven leader in the field oftechnical education in computer storage and interface technolo-gies, continues to be a winner! Combine a basic class with anadvanced class to provide outstanding technical education foryour entire organization.

KnowledgeTek specializes in technical training for high-techcompanies with rapidly changing technology. Course offeringsinclude GMR Heads, Servo, PRML, the Head-Disk Interface,SCSI, IDE, 1394, and Fibre Channel. (Visit the KnowledgeTekWebsite at www.knowledgetek.com for complete course listingsand outlines.) All KnowledgeTek courses (including new SANofferings) are available in public forums or can be presented byprior arrangement within your own facility.

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Nov. 8—Microcontamination (Core Module)Acquire a general understanding of contaminationcontrol. Learn about important topics in contami-nation control including cleanroom design andoperation, cleaning processes, and tooling design.Also discussed are glove contamination measure-ments and problems associated with purchasing acontinuous monitoring system, with emphasis oncosts associated with contamination control.

Nov. 9—Fundamentals of Magnetism (CoreModule)This course provides the audience with a basicunderstanding of the fundamentals of magnetism.In this course, you will learn about the principlesof magnetism relevant to the magnetic recordingprocess. A brief introduction to the physical basisfor ferromagnetic behavior is included, serving torelate the internal structure of magnetic materialsto their external properties. The course reviewsbasic concepts of magnetic poles, magnetic fields,magnetization, and explains the Hysterisis loopusing the concept of domain energy. The coursepresents basic concepts of magnetism in a logicalmanner without the use of complicated mathe-matical tools.

Nov. 10—Fundamental of Hard DiskTechnology (Core Module)This course provides an overview the hard diskdrive technology from the most basic academicknowledge of the fundamentals of magnetism, tothe most recent advances in magnetic hard disktechnology.

Nov. 15—HDD Manufacturing Basics (CoreModule)This course provides an overview of the HDD,including assembly of the head-disk, printedcircuit board, and head stack and how they fittogether. This course discusses problems andcritical parameters of repeatable and non-repeatable runout, noise, and resonance in theassembly process. Advantages and disadvantagesof different methods of assembly and varioustypes of adhesives will be discussed. This courseis designed for people new to the HDD industry.

Nov. 16—Media Manufacturing Basics (ElectiveModule)Gain an understanding of the manufacturingprocess for hard disk drives. Common practicesincluding quality and process issues of disk mediamanufacturing are highlighted. Learn the functions

of the various layers in disk media structure.Different types of disk media and their relativemerits are compared.

Nov. 17—Fundamentals of Head Technology(Core Module)The head technology is one of the mostinteresting parts of magnetic disk drivetechnology, and plays an important role inincreasing capacity. This course provides ageneral overview of head technology, includingthe fundamentals of magnetism and ferrite coreheads and the most recent advances in headtechnology, such as the GMR/spin valve.

Nov. 24—Disk Drive Reliability (Core Module)HDDs are a key component in every computersystem and reliability is very important. Thismodule provides an overview of basic reliabilityconcepts and terminology, as well as specifica-tions defined by IDEMA standards. Learn of theneed for standardized specs and special consider-ations in the disk drive industry in regards toreliability. An overview of reliability programs indesign, testing, and manufacturing phases arepresented. Also included are disk drive reliabilityterminology, including explanations of whycertain processes are performed, and theeconomic incentives behind these programs.

Nov. 30—PRML Basics (Elective Module)PRML is introduced as an advanced digital dataencoding method designed to solve many of theproblems faced in peak detection schemes.Encoding schemes are introduced as a means toimprove the reliability and areal density of a diskdrive. Learn how data is conditioned and encodedfor writing and reading on a disk drive. Simpleexamples and easy-to-follow illustrations areprovided, giving students an understanding of thedata flow path in a disk drive.

Dec. 1—Head Manufacturing Basics (ElectiveModule)This course provides a general understanding ofthe magnetic recording head manufacturingprocesses and covers the slider wafer fabricationprocess, the general head and slider structure,HGA assembly, and the head stack assemblyprocess. General control and potential defects arepresented to help in understanding the qualitycontrol process.

IDEMA Asia-Pacific Certificate of Competence in Storage TechnologyThis certificate program, a joint effort between IDEMA Asia-Pacific and Singapore Polytechnic (SP),was created to address the needs of the disk drive industry and to increase competitiveness of theworkforce. It addresses the need to keep current with rapid developments and is designed foranyone desiring a technical foundation to become more effective and productive in the data storageindustry. Each module is independent and can be attended separately. For more information,contact IDEMA Asia-Pacifc at education-ap@idema.org or +65-226-4237.

IDEMA® corporate membership is one of the most valuable tools inyour storage industry tackle box.

With new high-tech lures like on-line banneradvertising and custom Web pages, you are sure to getsome solid hits. Only corporate members are licensedto advertise in IDEMA’s award-winning associationmagazine, INSIGHT. New high-visibility ad positioninggets customers hooked on your corporatemessage—It’s up to you to reel ‘em in. And as acorporate member, your employees are entitled todiscounts on technical education classes, symposiaproceedings, conference sessions and more!

From creative target marketing to professionaldevelopment opportunities, IDEMA corporatemembership offers you valuable savings on theservices you want and need to succeed in the datastorage industry. Apply for corporate membershiptoday. Contact Director of Services, Debbie Lee at408.330.8108 or dlee@idema.org.

Fish or

Cut Bait.Join or renew your IDEMA corporate membership today.

IDEMA • 3255 Scott Blvd., Suite 2-102, Santa Clara, CA 95054-3013fax: 408.492.1425 • phone: 408.330.8100 • www.idema.orgIDEMA is a registered trademark of the International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association. 8/2/00

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International Disk Drive Equipment and Materials Association

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