Nov 19, 2006 1FKSTA: Cape Town ICT: Education – Technology - Development Uday B. Desai Dept. of Electrical Engineering IIT-Bombay, Powai Mumbai, India

Nov 19, 2006 1FKSTA: Cape Town

ICT: Education – Technology - Development

Uday B. DesaiDept. of Electrical Engineering

IIT-Bombay, PowaiMumbai, India

[email protected]/~ubdesai

Frontiers of Knowledge in Scienceand Technology for Africa.University Leaders’ Forum.Cape Town


Indian GDPIndian GDP GDP for India: $650 billion (4GDP for India: $650 billion (4thth based on PPP, 128 based on PPP, 128thth otherwise) otherwise) Rural GDP: $150 billion (25%)Rural GDP: $150 billion (25%) ICT GDP: ~ $25 billionICT GDP: ~ $25 billion

ICT expected to contribute 4.5 to 4.8 % of GDP in the fiscal year ICT expected to contribute 4.5 to 4.8 % of GDP in the fiscal year 2006-20072006-2007

Indian GDP has shown a growth rate of nearly 8% for the past 5 Indian GDP has shown a growth rate of nearly 8% for the past 5 years and growth rate is expected to continue for the next 5 to years and growth rate is expected to continue for the next 5 to 10 years.10 years.

56%

22%

22%

56% of GDP from Service Sector


Birds Eye View: ICT Penetration in India and Birds Eye View: ICT Penetration in India and

AfricaAfrica IndiaIndia 20032003 20042004 20052005

PCsPCs 9.379.37 13 mil13 mil 17 mil17 mil

PC penetrationPC penetration 0.89 %0.89 % 1.2 %1.2 % 1.54 %1.54 %

Internet UsersInternet Users 18.5 mil18.5 mil 35 mil35 mil 60 mil60 mil

Internet Internet PenetrationPenetration

1.75 %1.75 % 3.24 %3.24 % 5.44 %5.44 %

Cell Phone UsersCell Phone Users 26 mil26 mil 47 mil47 mil 90 mil90 mil

Cell PenetrationCell Penetration 2.47 %2.47 % 4.37 %4.37 % 8.16 %8.16 %

AfricaAfrica 20032003 20042004 20052005

PCsPCs 11.7 mil11.7 mil 13.5 mil13.5 mil 17.5 mil17.5 mil

PC penetrationPC penetration 1.531.53 1.74 %1.74 % 2.24 %2.24 %

Internet UsersInternet Users 15 mil15 mil 22.5 mil22.5 mil 32 mil32 mil

Internet Internet PenetrationPenetration

1.82 %1.82 % 2.62 %2.62 % 3.7 %3.7 %

Cell Phone UsersCell Phone Users 52.5 mil52.5 mil 80.7 mil80.7 mil 135 mil135 mil

Cell PenetrationCell Penetration 6.25 %6.25 % 9.35 %9.35 % 15 %15 %

• Population 1.19 billion• Median Age 23.5 yrs

Population0.915 bil


ICT in India and Africa? ICT in India and Africa?

Computer and Internet Computer and Internet Penetration in India and Africa, Penetration in India and Africa, almost comparablealmost comparable

Number of Internet users in Number of Internet users in India almost twice that in AfricaIndia almost twice that in Africa

Cellular penetration and users Cellular penetration and users much higher in Africamuch higher in Africa

Key Reasons for ICT Key Reasons for ICT flourishing in Indiaflourishing in India

Strong Emphasis on Strong Emphasis on Education even during Education even during hard economic timeshard economic times

English proficiencyEnglish proficiency Liberalization of the Liberalization of the

economy in 1991 by Dr. economy in 1991 by Dr. Manmohan Singh, then Manmohan Singh, then Finance minister and Finance minister and present prime ministerpresent prime minister


Education …Education …

IITsIITs


Sir Ardeshir Dalal (early 1950s, shortly after independence)

Set up research laboratories Set up research laboratories Led to the establishment of the Led to the establishment of the

Council of Scientific and Industrial Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchResearch (CSIR) (CSIR)

Set up Indian Institutes of Set up Indian Institutes of Technology Technology

Technology Mission Program: Technology Mission Program: Sir Dalal negotiated with the US Sir Dalal negotiated with the US

government for training scientists government for training scientists and engineers under this program.and engineers under this program.

These proposals were implemented when India was going thru difficult economic times Great testimony to the vision of India’s first Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

Three proposals Three proposals (just about the blueprint for (just about the blueprint for

today’s today’s Science and Technology Science and Technology

Research)Research)

Mr. L. S. Chandrakant, a senior official of the Education Ministry framed the IIT Act which gave the IITs a unprecedented autonomy

Sir B.N. Sarkar Committee, planned the first IIT, took MIT as the model

Professor Norman Dahl (Mech. Engrg.) of MIT and his colleagues were the prime movers of IIT Kanpur; a model subsequently followed by all IITs


Besides 7 IITs

Kanpur

Kahragpur

Rourkee

There are 18 National Institutes of Technology (NIT)

More recently, IIITs have been started (private and govt. initiatives)

IISc

Key AttributesKey Attributes

• FreedomFreedom• Selection of best studentsSelection of best students

2% of those who appear for 2% of those who appear for the the entrance exa m get inentrance exa m get in

• Long term vision and Long term vision and investment investment

It took IITs after nearly 40 It took IITs after nearly 40 years years to get global recognitionto get global recognition

• Inculcate among them students Inculcate among them students the the spirit of excellence spirit of excellence

• Should not worry about students Should not worry about students going overseas.going overseas.

What was referred to as What was referred to as Brain Brain DrainDrain is is now referred to as Brain Banknow referred to as Brain Bank


Early ICT Initiatives:Early ICT Initiatives:

Harness the InternetHarness the Internet


ERNET backbone is a judicious mix of terrestrial and satellite-based wide area networks.

Daily traffic over ERNET exceeds 20 Giga Bytes

ERNET ERNET Educational Research NetworkEducational Research Network, was initiated in 1986 by the, then , was initiated in 1986 by the, then Department of Electronics (DoE) (now Department fo Information Department of Electronics (DoE) (now Department fo Information Technology – DIT), with funding support from the Government of Technology – DIT), with funding support from the Government of India and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) India and United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

Today we have several private ISPs


Indian Council for Agriculture Research-Net Intranet and Internet for Agricultural Universities and Research institutions

171 institutions have been connected.

Vario

us In

itiativ

es

All India Council of Technical Education

Connectivity to AICTE Recognized Colleges and Regional Centers

48 Institutes connected


Gyan Vahini Gyan Vahini (Knowledge Vehicle (Knowledge Vehicle – – Started Recently)Started Recently)

Integrate Internet and Integrate Internet and Intranet tools and Intranet tools and computer aided computer aided techniques into the techniques into the Learning environmentLearning environment

FocusFocus Upgrade the IT Upgrade the IT

infrastructure at all the infrastructure at all the higher learning higher learning institutions in institutions in the country. Connect the country. Connect them on intranet and them on intranet and internet to provide internet to provide multiple education multiple education services within the services within the institution. institution.

Pilot project at Delhi Pilot project at Delhi UniversityUniversity

EDUSATEDUSAT

The first Indian The first Indian satellite exclusively satellite exclusively for serving the for serving the educational sectoreducational sector

Provide interactive Provide interactive satellite based satellite based distance education distance education system for the countrysystem for the country

Operational in 2006Operational in 2006 First phase of Edusat First phase of Edusat

State Network to be State Network to be launched in 9 stateslaunched in 9 states

Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Rajasthan , Kerala, Rajasthan , Haryana, Punjab , Haryana, Punjab , Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu , West Bengal Nadu , West Bengal and Uttaranchaland Uttaranchal


Today …Today … Internet is ubiquitous Internet is ubiquitous

on all educational on all educational campusescampuses

VSAT based distance VSAT based distance education is picking up education is picking up stronglystrongly

Plans for Internet based Plans for Internet based HDTV quality video for HDTV quality video for tow way interactive tow way interactive distance education. distance education.

For Example:For Example: IIT-Bombay has 14 IIT-Bombay has 14

universities/colleges on universities/colleges on VSAT based Distance VSAT based Distance Education NetworksEducation Networks

Amrita Univ. has 42 Amrita Univ. has 42 universities/colleges on universities/colleges on their VSAT Distanced their VSAT Distanced Education Network Education Network


Industry InteractionIndustry Interaction


Knowledge (ICT) IndustryKnowledge (ICT) Industry

India has embraced the knowledge industry Fundamental belief:

In 21st century, economic growth and wealth generation are driven by acquisition and use of knowledge

Knowledge: research skills information assessment skills ability to innovate ability to implement capacity to continuously learn

India’s educational base has been a great asset in this endeavor


Industry InteractionIndustry Interaction Once the economy was Once the economy was

liberalized (1991), industry –liberalized (1991), industry –academia interaction academia interaction flourished flourished

Industry started looking at IITs in Industry started looking at IITs in all earnest after 1996-98 time all earnest after 1996-98 time frame: frame: Almost 40 years after IITs Almost 40 years after IITs

establishmentestablishment A long sustained vision is A long sustained vision is

mandatorymandatory Industry sponsored projects Industry sponsored projects

increasedincreased IPR sharing is still contentiousIPR sharing is still contentious

Big jump in industrial consultancyBig jump in industrial consultancy Both, IITs and Industry are anxious Both, IITs and Industry are anxious

to partner and leverage each to partner and leverage each others expertiseothers expertise

Today, for Today, for every Rupeeevery Rupee that govt. that govt. gives, IITs and IISc generate about gives, IITs and IISc generate about 0.3 to 0.40.3 to 0.4 RupeesRupees thru industry thru industry interactions, endowments, and interactions, endowments, and sponsored researchsponsored research

Bulk of industry partnership in Bulk of industry partnership in ICT is with multinationals ICT is with multinationals

MicrosoftMicrosoft IntelIntel Analog DevicesAnalog Devices Texas InstrumentsTexas Instruments Bell Labs Bell Labs MotorolaMotorola NokiaNokia EricssonEricsson QualcomQualcom Cisco,Cisco, HP HP …… And Startups And Startups

Indian industry is coming Indian industry is coming forward, but slowlyforward, but slowly


Entrepreneurship another route


EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship Technology Entrepreneurship Technology Entrepreneurship

began at educational began at educational institutions in mid to late 90sinstitutions in mid to late 90s

The drivers for technology The drivers for technology entrepreneurship wereentrepreneurship were Boom in the IT sector across Boom in the IT sector across

the globethe globe Translate Ideas to WealthTranslate Ideas to Wealth IIT alumni played a big role in IIT alumni played a big role in

this boomthis boom In silicon valley, a large In silicon valley, a large

number of startups were by IIT number of startups were by IIT alumnialumni

Latent thirst among faculty Latent thirst among faculty and students to translate their and students to translate their innovations to productsinnovations to products

Strong belief in technology Strong belief in technology entrepreneurship as a driver entrepreneurship as a driver for social changefor social change

• To encourage To encourage entrepreneurship entrepreneurship and foster and foster commercialization commercialization of innovations IITs of innovations IITs and IISc have and IISc have established established business business incubatorsincubators

• Business Business incubators incubators are seen as a link are seen as a link between between mind and mind and marketmarket


Some Illustrative Business Some Illustrative Business IncubatorsIncubators

IIT-Madras (early starter)IIT-Madras (early starter) Business incubation led by Business incubation led by

Ashok JhunjhunwalaAshok Jhunjhunwala IIScIISc

Society for Innovation and Society for Innovation and Development (SID)Development (SID)

IIT-DelhiIIT-Delhi Foundation for Innovations Foundation for Innovations

and Technology Transfer and Technology Transfer (FITT)(FITT)

IIT-BombayIIT-Bombay Society for Innovations Society for Innovations

and Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship (SINE)(SINE)

IIT-KharagpurIIT-Kharagpur Science and Technology Science and Technology

Entrepreneurs Park (STEP) Entrepreneurs Park (STEP) IITKIITK

SIDBI Innovation & SIDBI Innovation & Incubation CentreIncubation Centre ( (SIIC)SIIC)

RBTI: Rural Technology RBTI: Rural Technology Business Incubator Business Incubator (launched by IIT-Madras)(launched by IIT-Madras)

Department of Science Department of Science (DST) supports (DST) supports entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship and knowledge transfer through knowledge transfer through its STEP and Technology its STEP and Technology Business Incubation Business Incubation initiativesinitiatives

There are other private There are other private business incubators in Indiabusiness incubators in India


Cluster Approach for Industry-Cluster Approach for Industry-Academia InteractionAcademia Interaction

I am just coming from I am just coming from Mobile Multimedia Mobile Multimedia Workshop in FranceWorkshop in France

Interesting concept for Industry-Academia Interesting concept for Industry-Academia interactioninteraction

Cluster of Cluster of Big enterprisesBig enterprises SME (small and medium enterprises)SME (small and medium enterprises) AcademiaAcademia Number of partners could be 10 to 20Number of partners could be 10 to 20 Clusters in a confined geographical regionClusters in a confined geographical region

I am going to propose to explore this I am going to propose to explore this approach in Indiaapproach in India


ICT for Development


Extensive Fiber Deployed in India

Serves Bldg 4,5,6

500 mtsFiber drop

Road

Housing Complex A

Serves Bldg 1,2,3

Fiber drop

13

5

64

2

Housing Complex B

25 ~ 30 km

25

km

URBAN

Rural

Fiber to curb is easily available in metros

Even fiber to home is possible


Access Technologies in IndiaAccess Technologies in India

LANISPAccess Tech.

(“Last Mile Prob”)

Wired 10/100 Mbps

WiFi 802.11b

(Hot Spot)

Tata

Satyam

Reliance

…

Dial-up

(56.6 Kbps)

DSL

Cable

Modem

Fiber in

the Loop

Wireless

(line of sight)

Cell Phones

corDECT

802.11b Based

802.16d,eBased

WiMax


First Initiative for Rural Access: corDECT, developed by TeNeT Group at IIT-

MadrasEarlier version guaranteed 70 kbps

Broadband CorDECT 2 Mbps

Always on, supports telephony

Commercially deployed in few thousand villages

n-Logue; Chirag


• Many success stories; all of them very encouraging

• Scalability and sustainability is still and concern


Drishtee dot. com Ltd. Drishtee dot. com Ltd. ITC eChoupal ITC eChoupal Kuppam i- community, Kuppam i- community,

Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh Akshaya- Kerala Govt's Akshaya- Kerala Govt's

Hundred Percent ICT Hundred Percent ICT Literacy ProjectLiteracy Project

Information Village Information Village Research Project- by M. S. Research Project- by M. S. Swaminathan Research Swaminathan Research Foundation Foundation

TARAhaat TARAhaat GRAMDOOTGRAMDOOT e-Governance projectse-Governance projects … …

Mission 2007 (major initiative)Connecting 100,000 villages

A Large Number of Initiatives

VSAT Connectivity

PURA: ProvidingUrban Amenities toRural Areas

Project drive by President of India


Low-Cost Telemed: A3 Remote Patient Monitoring

A3 RPM Server

(GPRS/3G1x& WLANenabled)

Laptop

DesktopBT/WiFiGPRS

Interface

Patient

BP

ECG

Gluco

Oxy mt

Cell Phone(SMS,GPRS,EDGE,

CDMA)

Smart Phone Doctor

GPRS/EDGE/3G1x enabledHealthcare care van

Will have ECG, Oxymt,and other sensors

A3 Wall Set•Communication Sever•Scheduler•Data Multiplexer•Hotlink to doctor

• Protocol converter• wireless communicator

•Patient Data Management Software•Patient Data Repository•Diagnostics Algorithms•Data Mining•Trend Detection Algorithm•Statistical Data Analysis•WML/HTML Server•Hotlink to A3 Wall Set•Hotlink to Doctor (SMS)•Interface to other external health management systems

Web

cam

WiFi /BT

WiFi /BT

WiFi/BT

WiFi /BT

WiFi /BT

Nov 19, 2006 FKSTA: Cape Town 27

Impacting Role for ICT in Impacting Role for ICT in Rural AreasRural Areas


Enables the process cash flowEnables the process cash flow Enables villages to be part of the national Enables villages to be part of the national

marketmarket Helps monetize more villagesHelps monetize more villages

Enables alternatives for fair loans Enables alternatives for fair loans Frees the villager from informal sources like Frees the villager from informal sources like

chit funds, money lenders, bishi’s, etc.)chit funds, money lenders, bishi’s, etc.) Enables rural tradeEnables rural trade

ICT will be impacting to rural areas ICT will be impacting to rural areas once itonce it


CommunityOrganization

Financial Institutions

ICT for

Development

Technology

Govt./Policy

Education

Industry /Local Entrep.

ICT as a Techno-Socio-Political System

• All components play a critical role• Nevertheless, top three are more critical


Concluding Remarks To harness ICT in To harness ICT in

developing nations, developing nations, price point is most price point is most crucialcrucial

In most of the African In most of the African countries, annual cost of countries, annual cost of Internet access is higher Internet access is higher than the average yearly than the average yearly income!income!

Cost of Internet access can Cost of Internet access can be lowered thru be lowered thru

competition, competition, deregulation, deregulation, foreign investments in foreign investments in

Information and Information and Communications Communications Technology sector (ICT)Technology sector (ICT)

and in some cases, and in some cases, government subsidies only government subsidies only in the initial phase.in the initial phase.

Create Impulses.Create Impulses. Impulses pull up the base Impulses pull up the base

and raise the avg. leveland raise the avg. level

India

India


“It is not our abilities that will determine what we truly do … it is our choices”

A minor variation on quote by Dumbledore

from Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

Finally …

Documents

Nov 19, 2006 1FKSTA: Cape Town ICT: Education – Technology - Development Uday B. Desai Dept. of Electrical Engineering IIT-Bombay, Powai Mumbai, India