Noun ClausesMustafa Güneş

What do you think a noun clause is?

• What will the president do?

• Can you tell me what the president will do?

• I don’t know the answer.

• Gina told me that she doesn’t know the answer.

• Do you know her address?

• He asked me if I know her address.

Types of Noun clauses1. Noun Clauses Beginning With

That:

• She doesn’t like pop music

• We know (that) she doesn’t like pop music

• He is the best of all. I’m sure.

• I’m sure (that) he is the best of all.

• Coffee grows in Brazil. It is well - known to all.

• That coffee grows in Brazil is well known to all.

object

Subject

adj + that

“that” can be omitted here.

“that” can’t be omitted here.

2. Noun Clauses Beginning With A Question Word

• When is he coming tomorrow?

• I don’t know when he is coming tomorrow.

• What did your daughter buy for you as a present?

• I haven’t heard whose daughter has passed the exam.

noun clausemain clause object of the sentence

Wh-? + aux + subject + Main Verb + object

Wh-? + subject + (aux) + Verb + objectMain Clause +

Exceptions:

• What happened here yesterday?

• Please tell me what happened here yesterday.

• Who knocked the door?

• Can you tell me who knocked the door.

Wh-? + Verb

Wh-? + Verb Main Clause +

Wh-? + Verb

Main Clause +

Wh-? + Verb

3. Noun Clauses Beginning with Whether/If

Has he signed the contract?

•I want to know whether / if he has signed the contract (or not) .

•Whether he has signed the contract (or not) doesn’t matter.

Main Clause + whether/if + subject + (aux) verb + object + (or not)

Whether/if + subject + (aux) verb + object + (or not) + main Clause

Choose the correct answer

1. Nobody knows _____________ the beginning of a tornado.

a. how we can predict

b. how can we predict

c. what we can predict

d. that we can predict

Choose the correct answer

1. Nobody knows _____________ the beginning of a tornado.

a. how we can predict

b. how can we predict

c. what we can predict

d. that we can predict

Choose the correct answer

2. Our teacher says _____________ a tornado before.

a. that he seen

b. what he saw

c. that he has seen

d. what he has seen

Choose the correct answer

2. Our teacher says _____________ a tornado before.

a. that he seen

b. what he saw

c. that he has seen

d. what he has seen

Choose the correct answer

3. Have you ever seen _____________?

a. what can a tornado do

b. that a tornado can do what

c. what a tornado can do that

d. what a tornado can do

Choose the correct answer

3. Have you ever seen _____________?

a. what can a tornado do

b. that a tornado can do what

c. what a tornado can do that

d. what a tornado can do

Choose the correct answer

4. _____________ is a well-known fact.

a. tornadoes deadly

b. that tornadoes are deadly

c. are tornadoes deadly

d. that are deadly tornadoes

Choose the correct answer

4. _____________ is a well-known fact.

a. tornadoes deadly

b. that tornadoes are deadly

c. are tornadoes deadly

d. that are deadly tornadoes

Choose the correct answer

5. Scientists are trying to learn __________.

a.if can ever we predict tornadoes

b.if tornadoes can ever be predicted

c.why are tornadoes unpredictable

d. are tornadoes unpredictable

Choose the correct answer

6. Scientists are trying to learn __________.

a.if can ever we predict tornadoes

b.if tornadoes can ever be predicted

c.why are tornadoes unpredictable

d. are tornadoes unpredictable

Complete the dialogue

7. A: Whose car is that?

B: I don’t know______________________________.

Complete the dialogue

7. A: Whose car is that?

B: I don’t know whose car that is.

Complete the dialogue

8. A: Whose car is in front of Sam's house?

B: I don't know ______________________________.

Complete the dialogue

8. A: Whose car is in front of Sam's house?

B: I don't know whose car is in front of Sam’s house.

Complete the dialogue

9. A: Are you tired?

B: Why do you want to know______________ tired?

A: You look tired. I'm worried about you.

Complete the dialogue

9. A: Are you tired?

B: Why do you want to know if I am tired?

A: You look tired. I'm worried about you.

10. A: How long (the oldest whales, live)______________?

B: Nobody knows for sure how long (the oldest whales, live)___________________.

Complete the dialogue

Complete the dialogue

10. A: How long (the oldest whales, live) do the oldest whales live?

B: Nobody knows for sure how long (the oldest whales, live) the oldest whales live.

Reported SpeechMustafa Güneş

REPORTED SPEECH

Reported Speech is similar to the Noun Clause.However we

Reported Speech:Reported Speech is similar to the noun clauses:

(+) and (-)

He speaks English.

N.C: I don’t know that he speaks English. (Indirect Speech)

R.S: Julia said that he spoke English. (Reporting the sentence)

(?)

Did he speak English?

N.C: Can you tell me if he spoke English? (Indirect Speech)

R.S: Julia asked me if he had spoken English? (Reporting the sentence)

(Wh-?)

How long has he spoken English?

N.C: Nobody knows how long he has spoken English. (Indirect Speech)

R.S: Julia asked me how long he had spoken English. (Reporting the sentence)

Simple Present

Simple Past Simple Past

Past Perfect Present Perfect

Past Perfect

In Reported Speech, we change the “Tense” We make it “more past”

Have a look at the Chapter 39

In Reported Speech, we change the “Time Expressions” and “Pronouns”

John: I like your shoes! John said that he liked my shoes!

Let’s Practice

Imperative Sentences:

Let’s Practice!

Relative ClausesMustafa Güneş

If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun. Subject pronouns must

always be used.

•The apple which is on the table is green.

•The man who drove the car was very old.

•The worker that wears a jacket is very sad.

If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object

pronoun. Object pronouns can be omitted in relative clauses:

•The apple (which) George lay on the table is green.

•The man (who(m)) we saw in the car is very old.

•The worker (that) the boss warned is very sad.

1) I talked to the girl … car had broken down in front of the shop.

2) Mr. Richards is a taxi driver … lives on the corner.

3) We often visit our aunt in Norwich … is in East Anglia.

4) This is the girl … comes from Spain.

5) That's Peter … has just arrived at the airport.

6) Thank you very much for your e-mail … was very interesting.

7) The man … father is a professor forgot his umbrella.

8) The children … shouted in the street, are not from our school.

9) The car … driver is a young man, is from Ireland.

10) What did you do with the money … your mother lent you?

• Thanks!