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Noun-Adjective Agreement
Nouns are ALL-POWERFUL!!!!!
*Adjectives are words that describe nouns.
*Example in English:
the serious student
nounadjective
*In English, adjectives usually come before nouns.
*Example in Spanish:
el estudiante serio
nounadjective
*In Spanish, adjectives usually come after nouns.
In Spanish, adjectives must match the GENDER and NUMBER of the nouns they describe.
*First, you must match the gender. *If the noun is masculine (usually
ends in –o), the adjective must also be masculine (usually ends
in –o).
*Example: el chico alto
*If the noun is feminine (usually ends in –a), the adjective must also be feminine (usually ends in –a).
*Example: la chica alta
*Next, you match the number.
*If the noun is singular (only one of it), the adjective must also be singular.
*Example: el chico alto*Example: la chica alta
*If the noun is plural (more than one of it), the adjective must also be plural.
*Example: los chicos altos
*Example: las chicas altas
*Make sure the article matches in gender and number too!
*Example: los chicos altos
*Example: las chicas altas
Singular Plural
Masculine
el chico alto
los chicos altos
Feminine
la chica alta
las chicas altas
*Adjectives that end in –e match both genders
*Example: el maestro inteligente
*Example: la maestra inteligente
BUT don’t forget to match NUMBER!*Example: las maestras
inteligentes
*Adjectives that end in a consonant generally match both genders
*Example: el amigo joven*Example: la amiga joven
*Some adjectives that end in a consonant add –a to form the feminine. These exceptions have to be memorized.
*Example: el chico trabajador
*Example: la chica trabajadora
*To make a word plural, add –s if it ends in a vowel
*Example: el chico = los chicos*Example: la estudiante = las
estudiantes
*To make a word plural, add –es if it ends in a consonant
*Example: el estudiante trabajador = los estudiantes trabajadores
*Example: la mujer joven = las mujeres jóvenes