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notes on the keyboard part of Enclosures by Peter Adriaansz Bob Gilmore, October 2010 Enclosures for voice, viola, MIDI keyboard and sine tones was composed in JuneJuly 2008 for Trio Scordatura, who premiered it at the TRANSIT Festival in Leuven, Belgium, on October 25 that year. Although it is perfectly possible to perform the keyboard part simply from the information in the score, the following notes are provided as a documentation of the first realization of the part, as heard in the early performances of the piece by Trio Scordatura and in our studio recording, made in December 2008. The player will need to programme both the sound and the array of pitches for each of the three sections of the piece in advance of the first rehearsal, so the suggestions given here, reflecting consultation with the composer during the rehearsal process, may hopefully speed the preparation of the part by a player coming new to it. I perform the keyboard part of Enclosures on a fiveoctave MIDI keyboard connected (via USB) to a soft synth programme on a laptop. The design described here uses Native Instruments’ Absynth 3, which I have used in all the performances of the piece until now, but almost any soft synth programme could be used. The player also needs a volume pedal to fade in the held chords at the beginning of each of the three sections. In addition, I found a small weight – a 6.5 x 4 x 4 cm piece of stone which looks like marble (but is in fact probably something else) – was essential to play the sustained pitches in movs 2 and 3, leaving my hands free to play the other lines. I made three patches, one for each section of the piece, and these will be described in turn. In performance there is plenty of time between sections to switch between them. Section I The intention here is a relatively thin sound (the sound for the subsequent two sections becomes gradually fuller). A pure sine wave by itself seemed too thin, so I made an “organ” patch with five sounding harmonics, the fundamental (1 st ), 2 nd ,4 th ,8 th , and 16 th . Purely on the basis of taste I made the higher harmonics relatively strong so the sound has a kind of “graininess” at the top (which also helps the ear to distinguish it from the sine tone patch). The picture below shows the spectrum: Spectrum of the sound for section I, showing the relative intensities of harmonics 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16.

notesonthekeyboardpartof! ! Enclosures*byPeterAdriaansz! Adriaansz - No 41... · 2018. 10. 29. · notesonthekeyboardpartof! ! Enclosures*byPeterAdriaansz! Bob!Gilmore,!October!2010!!!

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Page 1: notesonthekeyboardpartof! ! Enclosures*byPeterAdriaansz! Adriaansz - No 41... · 2018. 10. 29. · notesonthekeyboardpartof! ! Enclosures*byPeterAdriaansz! Bob!Gilmore,!October!2010!!!

         notes  on  the  keyboard  part  of    Enclosures  by  Peter  Adriaansz    Bob  Gilmore,  October  2010      Enclosures  for  voice,  viola,  MIDI  keyboard  and  sine  tones  was  composed  in  June-­‐July  2008  for  Trio  Scordatura,  who  premiered  it  at  the  TRANSIT  Festival  in  Leuven,  Belgium,  on  October  25  that  year.  Although  it  is  perfectly  possible  to  perform  the  keyboard  part  simply  from  the  information  in  the  score,  the  following  notes  are  provided  as  a  documentation  of  the  first  realization  of  the  part,  as  heard  in  the  early  performances  of  the  piece  by  Trio  Scordatura  and  in  our  studio  recording,  made  in  December  2008.  The  player  will  need  to  programme  both  the  sound  and  the  array  of  pitches  for  each  of  the  three  sections  of  the  piece  in  advance  of  the  first  rehearsal,  so  the  suggestions  given  here,  reflecting  consultation  with  the  composer  during  the  rehearsal  process,  may  hopefully  speed  the  preparation  of  the  part  by  a  player  coming  new  to  it.      I  perform  the  keyboard  part  of  Enclosures  on  a  five-­‐octave  MIDI  keyboard  connected  (via  USB)  to  a  soft  synth  programme  on  a  laptop.  The  design  described  here  uses  Native  Instruments’  Absynth  3,  which  I  have  used  in  all  the  performances  of  the  piece  until  now,  but  almost  any  soft  synth  programme  could  be  used.  The  player  also  needs  a  volume  pedal  to  fade  in  the  held  chords  at  the  beginning  of  each  of  the  three  sections.  In  addition,  I  found  a  small  weight  –  a  6.5  x  4  x  4  cm  piece  of  stone  which  looks  like  marble  (but  is  in  fact  probably  something  else)  –  was  essential  to  play  the  sustained  pitches  in  movs  2  and  3,  leaving  my  hands  free  to  play  the  other  lines.      I  made  three  patches,  one  for  each  section  of  the  piece,  and  these  will  be  described  in  turn.  In  performance  there  is  plenty  of  time  between  sections  to  switch  between  them.      Section  I  The  intention  here  is  a  relatively  thin  sound  (the  sound  for  the  subsequent  two  sections  becomes  gradually  fuller).  A  pure  sine  wave  by  itself  seemed  too  thin,  so  I  made  an  “organ”  patch  with  five  sounding  harmonics,  the  fundamental  (1st),  2nd,  4th,  8th,  and  16th.  Purely  on  the  basis  of  taste  I  made  the  higher  harmonics  relatively  strong  so  the  sound  has  a  kind  of  “graininess”  at  the  top  (which  also  helps  the  ear  to  distinguish  it  from  the  sine  tone  patch).  The  picture  below  shows  the  spectrum:  

 Spectrum  of  the  sound  for  section  I,  showing  the  relative  intensities  of  harmonics  1,  2,  4,  8  and  16.    

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   Each  individual  sound  crescendos  slowly  from  p  to  mp,  sustains,  and  diminuendos  back  to  p  again.  This  needs  to  be  programmed  in  the  waveform.  The  shape  I  used  is  shown  below,  in  two  parts:  

   and  

   Waveform  of  sound  for  section  I:  the  sound  crescendos  in,  over  3.25  seconds,  can  then  be  sustained  indefinitely  and,  on  releasing  the  key,  decrescendos  out  again  over  slightly  more  than  4  seconds.          I  made  a  mapping  of  the  pitches  used  in  section  I  (thirteen  in  all)  onto  the  keyboard  as  follows  (the  fourth  note  shown  here,  A-­‐880  Hz,  is  in  fact  not  used  in  the  movement,  but  is  useful  as  a  reference):  

 Mapping  of  pitches  onto  the  keyboard  in  Enclosures  I.          Section  II  The  intention  here  is  a  fuller,  “darker”  sound.  The  patch  uses  three  oscillators  corresponding  to  harmonics  1,  2  and  4.  The  relative  intensities  of  the  three  oscillators  can  be  seen  in  the  picture  below.  This  is  perceptually  a  richer  sound  than  that  used  in  section  I.  The  envelope  is  very  similar  to  that  shown  above  for  section  I,  building  from  nothing  to  its  full  volume  around  3.25  seconds,  sustaining,  and  dying  away  over  about  5  seconds.  At  the  beginning  of  section  II  the  weight  (the  block  of  “marble”  described  

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above)  is  placed  on  the  lowest  C  and  D  on  the  keyboard,  which  are  tuned  respectively  to  D-­‐146.7  Hz  and  D-­‐293.3  Hz.  These  are  sustained  throughout  the  movement.      

 Patch  of  the  sound  for  section  II,  showing  the  relative  intensities  of  the  three  oscillators        In  section  II,  during  the  rehearsal  process,  Adriaansz  decided  to  add  three  very  low  tones  into  the  texture,  opening  up  the  sort  of  “sound  chasms”  found  in  some  of  his  other  pieces  of  this  time  (e.g.  Waves  11-­13).  All  three  tones  are  slightly  detuned  Ds:  36.33  Hz,  72.6  Hz  and  73.33  Hz.  (For  comparison,  conventional  tempered  Ds  in  those  octaves  are  36.71  Hz  and  73.42  Hz).  This  creates  a  slow,  rather  ominous  beating.  The  exact  placement  of  these  notes  is  somewhat  free:  I  have  tended  to  introduce  the  two  higher  tones  (72.6  Hz  and  73.33  Hz)  somewhere  after  9’,  and  the  very  low  tone  (36.33  Hz)  around  9’  40”;  they  are  sustained  and  then  released  in  reverse  order  somewhere  after  12’.    The  mapping  of  the  other  sixteen  pitches  onto  the  keyboard  is  shown  below:      

   Mapping  of  pitches  onto  the  keyboard  in  Enclosures  II.    Also  used  are  five  “drone”  pitches  as  described  above  -­  C  and  D  at  the  bottom  of  the  keyboard  (146.7  Hz  and  293.3  Hz),  and  the  D,  Eb  and  E  keys  in  the  gap  in  this  diagram  (36.33  Hz,  72.6  Hz  and  73.33  Hz).          

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Section  III  This  is  the  most  dense  section  of  the  piece  and  the  most  complex  microtonally.  The  patch  uses  two  oscillators,  the  second  quieter  than  the  first  and  tuned  an  octave  below  it.  This  gives  a  rich,  but  not  “heavy”,  organ-­‐like  sound,  with  some  upper  harmonics  audibly  present.  (The  patch  I  ended  up  with  was  actually  somewhat  “thinner”  than  my  initial  attempt,  as  the  volume  of  sound  produced  by  the  keyboard  in  this  movement  can  become  overwhelming.)  The  patch  is  shown  below:  

 Patch  of  the  sound  for  section  III,  showing  the  relative  intensities  of  the  two  oscillators      The  envelope  is  very  similar  to  that  in  the  previous  sections  of  Enclosures.  In  section  III  again  the  weight  is  placed  on  the  lowest  C  and  D  on  the  keyboard,  sustaining  pitches  of  F#-­‐185  Hz  and  G-­‐392  Hz  throughout  the  whole  section.  Initially  Adriaansz  suggested  that  the  increments  between  consecutive  notes  on  the  keyboard  may  be  either  1  or  2  cents;  I  programmed  both  versions,  but  in  rehearsal  we  found  that  the  beating  resulting  from  intervals  of  1  cent  was  too  subtle  to  be  effective,  and  so  decided  on  increments  of  2  cents.  The  mapping  of  pitches  onto  the  keyboard  in  this  section  is  the  most  complex  in  the  piece.  My  suggestion  is  shown  below:    

Mapping  of  pitches  onto  the  keyboard  in  Enclosures  III.      In  performances  of  Enclosures  a  second  laptop  is  needed  to  run  the  Supercollider  patch  for  the  sine  tones;  this  also  provides  the  players  with  a  large  stopwatch.