Notes – Unit OneMeasurements and

Properties of Materials

Measurements

Give an example of something you do that requires measuring.

What are some important things to keep in mind when making a measurement? Accuracy Units

What are units? The divisions you are measuring in, like

centimeters or inches or grams or ounces.

Reading Scales There is no such thing as a perfect

measurement! Read scales as ___________ and ___________

as possible; Use _________ scales; ___________ between divisions.

A.

B.

C.

D.

A. B.

C. D.

1.10 cm

2.45 cm

3.00 cm

4.76 cm

accurately

precisely

Estimatemetric

Volume

Definition: ____________________________________________________________ Units: ______ or ______

The amount of space an

object or material takes up

Read the

________

of the meniscus

bottom

cm3mL

Calculating VolumeMethod 1: Length x Width x

Height Measure the length, width and height

of an object and __________ them together

Example: volume of a kleenex box Length = 22.5 cm; Width = 12.0 cm; Height = 7.6 cm

Volume = ____________________ = _______

multiply

22.5 cm x 12.0 cm x 7.6 cm

2052 cm3

Method 2: Water Displacement

Add enough water to a beaker or graduated cylinder to _____________________ and record the level of the water __________________

Add the object to the water and record the new water level __________________;

Subtract the ________ volume from the _________ volume _________.

completely submerge the object

(initial volume A)

(final volume B) initial

final(B - A)

Initial Volum

e A

Final Volum

e B

Water Displacement (con’t)

Example: measure the volume of the dinosaur

Initial volume of water = ___________ Final volume of water = ___________ Volume of dinosaur = ______________ =

______

4.8 mL5.6 mL

5.6 mL – 4.8 mL 0.8

mL

Review

In your own words, what does volume measure?

What method would you use to measure the volume of a rock?

Mass Definition:__________________________ Units:__________; Always read to 0.1 gram (1 decimal place)

amount of matter in an objectgrams

(g)

Scale reads ____________373.3 gTriple Beam Balance

Practice ProblemsMeasuring Quiz

A rectangular solid measures 3.0 cm by 2.0 cm by 1.0 cm. What is the volume of the object?

Answer:

3.0 cm x 2.0 cm x 1.0 cm = 6.0 cm³

A graduated cylinder initially contains 10.0 mL of water. A gold ring is added to the water, and the water level rises to 13.6 mL. What is the volume of the ring?

Answer:

13.6 mL – 10.0 mL = 3.6 mL

If a block measuring 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm was placed in a graduated cylinder containing 20.0 mL of water, to what level would the water rise?

Answer:

2.0 cm x 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm = 8.0 cm³

20.0 mL + 8 cm³ = 28.0 mL

Read the correct volume of water in each cylinder.

A._______ B._______ C._______46 mL 2.8 mL

53 mL

What is the length of the black object?

A. __________

To what measurement is the blue arrow pointing?

B. __________

cm

41.62 cm 4.20

cm

A.What is the initial volume of water in the cylinder? __________

B.What is the final volume of water in the cylinder? __________

C.What is the volume of the fish? __________

32 mL

38 mL

6 mL

Graphing Basics

Independent vs. Dependent VariablesGraph Scales

Independent vs. Dependent Variables

Scientists use an experiment to search for ______________________________ in nature. They design an experiment so that changes to one factor cause a predictable change to another.

These changing factors are called __________. Two kinds of variables are ____________ and _____________.

cause and effect relationships

variablesdependent

independent

The independent variable is the one that is __________________________. To ensure a fair test, a good experiment has ___________ independent variable. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he observes the effect on the dependent variable.

The dependent variable ____________ the independent variable.

changed by the scientist

only ONE

depends on

For example, if you drop a tennis ball from increasing heights, the rebound height changes in response--you observe the higher the drop height, the higher the rebound height.

The scientist changes the drop height, so this is the ___________ variable.

The rebound height is the _________ variable.

independent

dependent

I = independent D = dependent

_____Height ball bounces_____Height ball is dropped from

_____Heating time_____Temperature of liquid

_____Intensity of odor_____Distance you stand from perfume

vial

D

D

D

I

I

I

I = independent D = dependent

_____Amount of water given_____Growth rate of plant

_____Flowrate of water_____Opening of faucet valve

_____Weight of pendulum_____Period of pendulum swing

D

D

D

I

I

I

Graphing Rules: Use pencil! Include a TITLE. Graph the

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE on the X-axis (horizontal );

Graph the DEPENDENT VARIALBE on the Y-axis (vertical )

LABEL each axis with both the NAME OF THE VARIABLE and the UNITS;

Drop Height vs Rebound Height

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200

Drop Height (cm)

Reb

ou

nd

Hei

gh

t (c

m)

Graph Scales

1. Make your scales EASY to use.

2. Scale increments must be CONSISTENT.

3. Use up as MOST OF THE GRAPH SPACE.4. Increase to the top and to the right.5. Scales do not need to start at zero.6. Scales do not have to be the same on both

axes.

0 5 10 15 20 0 3 6 9 12

YES NO

0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 20 30

YES NO

• Draw a BEST-FIT CURVE showing the TREND OF THE DATA. Do not draw dot-to-dot curves.

Heating Curve

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Time (min)

Tem

p.

(C)

Heating Curve

0102030405060708090

051015202530

Time (min)

Tem

p.

(C)

YES NO

• If more than one curve is on the same graph, you must include a KEY.

Notes - Density

Density - Definition

Mass per unit volume of a substance

Think of density as the amount of matter that is packed into a given volume

Less Dense More Dense

Calculation and Units

Density = Mass__ Volume

Units = units of mass = g or g

units of volume mL cm³

Sanchez Circle

M

V D

Density and Floating

If an object floats in water, it is LESS dense than water (D < 1.0 g/mL)

If an object sinks in water, it is MORE dense than water (D > 1.0 g/mL)