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8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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Notes to Oscanand other Italic languagesjwr47
This essay is part of the analysis of correlations between etymological and religious symbolism ofthe ego-pronouns, the divine names and the words for eternity.
In Oscan the special characters and for the long vowels of [i:] and [u:] have been added to thealphabet.
The Oscan ego-pronoun v! preserves the typical I"!-core of #upiter and $%&%, which may
carry the symbolism for the archaic philosophy. 'lso the personal pronouns tiium (you!), iusc(they!) and ikle(day!) are using I"-cores.
In *icilian the ego-pronoun is I"+, which matches to the Oscan ego-pronoun v!.
The Oscan ego-pronoun v! may also have spread to other dialects in which and even stillcarry the apostrophe-accentuated dual -structure/: in 'ppulo 0 barese 1 i in 2arese1 in'bru33eseadriatico -pescarese1 I in 4archigiano4eridionale - 'scolano1 in 4olisano1 andeein Irpinian56allatese5 7eapolitan.
The 8truscan s9y-god Tinia (which is related to yaus) does not seem to correlate to Oscan ;;v!.Instead dive0 forJovi0 #upiter, found at the Oscan Tablet, relates to the ego-pronoun ;;v!.
In Oscan the doubling of vowels was used to denote length. The e? @AB C.
+ Iu-Dronoun
/ *wadesh list for 7eapolitanC Eong-I: (Long i), , transcribes a long i-vowel FiGF in Eatin. It stands in for theape
8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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OscanOscanis an e
8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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he moon
In 8truscan languagethe words for moon! and month! had been defined as tiur, tivr, tiu11, whichmay suggest a correlation between the god I", diPve;! (#ove, "-piter) and Tiu! (the moon).
&a' di;9PlPs - dies- a day+/,spelled with a long i!:di;9PlPs
he deit' inia
In 8truscan the word tin is the day, and Tinia13is the divine name Nod+U. Tinia was also part of thepowerful 5trinity+5 that included 4enrvaand "ni(the eWuivalent of #uno).
he deit' &iuvei (%ove)
In the Oscan Tabletthe name of #ove (Niove) has been spelled &iuvei#which includes a iu!-core:
&iuvei *erehasiui- Niove 6irgator1
&iuvei +egaturei- Niove Dluvio1
,'m-olic tokens. and in the Oscan al"ha-et
8specially both additional+R symbols at the end of the alphabet may be considered as symbolicto9ens and for the long vowels of [i:] and [u:].
The native Oscan alphabet and a transliteration are as follows.
++ 8truscan language+/ di;9PlPs in Oscan+C inia(also in, inh, insor Tina) was the god of the s9yand the highest god in 8truscan mythology, eWuivalent to
the=oman#upiterand theNree9Xeus.+U 8truscan language
+ 4enrva was part of a holy triadwith Tiniaand "ni, later reflected in the =oman Kapitoline Triadof#upiter,#uno,and 4inerva.
+Q Tabula Osca+R The two new letters and have been invented during the Uth century 2K8
Fig. 1 !scan al"#a$et %from !scan language & 'i(i"edia)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttps://it.glosbe.com/osc/it/di%C3%ADk%C3%BAl%C3%BAshttps://it.glosbe.com/osc/it/di%C3%ADk%C3%BAl%C3%BAshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menrvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_Tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://www.wordgumbo.com/ie/cmp/osca.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triad_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitoline_Triadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minervahttp://www.sanniti.info/smagnony.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://www.wordgumbo.com/ie/cmp/osca.htmhttps://it.glosbe.com/osc/it/di%C3%ADk%C3%BAl%C3%BAshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(god)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triad_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitoline_Triadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minervahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menrvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)http://www.sanniti.info/smagnony.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_Tablethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscan_language8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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/riting conventions 0or vowels
&hen Oscan was written in the Nree9 alphabet, it used an alphabet identical to the standard, withthe addition of %etafor the sound [h] and another letter for the sound denoted in the native alphabet
by *. The letters +and do not indicate Wuantity.
*ometimes, the clusters +-and denote the diphthongs FeiF and FouF respectively while /-and o0are saved to denote monophthongs FiGF and FuGF in the native alphabet. Other times, /- and o0 areused to denote diphthongs, in which case odenotes the FuGF sound.
The letters andare graphically derived from andI, and do not appear in the oldest writings.The represents an o-sound, andis a tense [Y].
oubling of vowels was used to denote length1 the e
8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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he evolution 0rom oscan1s long 2 (22) to dou-le 2 (/)
In Toscan the long letter " had been doubled and transformed to &, which may be identified in thewebsite Old Italic alphabets, in the last symbol transforms from ancient, dotted double "(6) to themodern letter &.
In fact the Oscan ego-pronoun iivmay be correlating to iivv %Tiw!).
Oscan alphabet
North Picene alphabet21
Middle Adriatic / South Picene alphabet
/+ stelefrom7ovilara
Fig. 5 6iddle 7driatic 8 9out# :icene
Fig. ;
8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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,outh 3icene language an ancient Italic language (formerly referred to as Old *abellic [Old*abellian], or Kentral 'driatic) 9nown from some two do3en short inscriptions (th and Qthcenturies bc) found in east-central Italy,primarily in the region of present-day Teramo(the southern
part of ancient Dicenum). //
// *outh Dicene
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italyhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italyhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587778/Teramohttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587778/Teramohttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/556346/South-Picene-languagehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/556346/South-Picene-languagehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italyhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/556346/South-Picene-languagehttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/587778/Teramo8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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/U three tr;s tr\yes
/ four pettiur 9`etw_res
/Q five pPmpe p\n9`e
/R big maimas
/S long dluh g_s
/ wideCV thic9 ben
C+ heavy g`erh -
C/ small mala9s mey-
CC short mreP-
CU narrow h en-
C thin t\nh us
CQ woman usurs g`n, h esor-
CR man h nr, wi%r_sCS person humuns mnus
C child
UV wife
U+ husband
U/ mother maatre;s m\h tr
UC father patir tta, ph tr
UU animal
U fish du-
UQ bird h \wis
UR dog w
US louse 9nid-, luhs-
U sna9e h engwi, neh tr-
V worm j k
+ tree d_ru (genitive dr\ws)
/ woods
C stic9 hasto-, ha3dho-
U fruit seed
Q leaf
R root wr\h ds
S bar9
flower fluus-
QV grass 9oino-
Q+ rope
Q/ s9in pel-, tw\9os
QC meat mms-, 9reuh -
QU blood jq qq jk
8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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Q bone h ost-, 9ost-
QQ fat smeru-
QR egg h wy_m
QS horn 9eg-, er-
Q tail
RV feather R+ hair pulh -
R/ head 9aput-, gebelo-
RC ear h ows-
RU eye h o9`-, h e9`-
R nose qq xB
RQ mouth h oh s-
RR tooth dunte[s] h d_nts, emb-
RS tongue fangvam k z{q R fingernail h n_g(r)o-
SV foot pedP pds
S+ leg 9ro9s9o
S/ 9nee _nu | n\w-g
SC hand manim \s-ro-, mar-, man-
SU wing
S belly udero-
SQ guts eh ter-
SR nec9 mon-
SS bac9
S breast peg-, psten-
V heart }~j }j k
+ liver q j k
/ drin9 pibisus peh i-, h eg`-
C eat edum h ed-
U bite g`ruh-, den-, h ed-
suc9 deh (i)-Q spit sp(y)eu-
R vomit wem-, h reug-
S blow wt-, weh -
breathe pneu-
+VV laugh (s)mei-
+V+ see der-, weyd-
+V/ hear lew-
+VC 9now neh -, weyd-
+VU thin9 tong-
+V smell h ed-
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+VQ fear
+VR sleep drem-
+VS live g`ei% w-
+V die mer-
++V 9ill g`en-
+++ fight++/ hunt
++C hit pleh 9-
++U cut lamtir
++ split
++Q stab
++R scratch gerb-
++S dig
++ swim n\h -u-+/V fly pet-, g`el-
+/+ wal9 gred-
+// come cebnust g`em-, g`eh -
+/C lie leg-, ey-
+/U sit sed-
+/ stand sta;t steh -
+/Q turn
+/R fall
+/S give didet deh -
+/ hold seg-
+CV sWuee3e
+C+ rub melh -
+C/ wash leh w-, neyg`-
+CC wipe
+CU pull
+C push
+CQ throw swep-+CR tie bend-
+CS sew syuh -
+C count
+UV say de;9um
+U+ sing 9an-
+U/ play
+UC float
+UU flow
+U free3e
+UQ swell
8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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+UR sun q k
+US moon ~q k
+U star h str
+V water aapam a9`-, h ep-
++ rain anafr;ss h e9mon-
+/ river h e9w-eh -
+C la9e h ep-
+U sea
+ salt sal-
+Q stone h e9mon
+R sand
+S dust pers-
+ earth teras d\m
+QV cloud n\bos+Q+ fog sneudh-
+Q/ s9y
+QC wind ewero-
+QU snow sneigwh-
+Q ice yeg-
+QQ smo9e duh m_s
+QR fire h eh ter-, h \gnis
+QS ashes h \s-no-, h \s-i-
+Q burn deg`h-, swel-, h ews-
+RV road v pent-
+R+ mountain g`erh -
+R/ red h rewd_s
+RC green
+RU yellow 9(e)nh9os
+R white h elb_s
+RQ blac9 sword_s, h ems-
+RR night n_9`ts
+RS day (/U h.)icolom (acc9)ikle (loc9) 5:
h eh-, dei-n-
+R year a9ene; ye%r-, wet-
+SV warm tep-, g`er-
+S+ cold gel-, el-
+S/ full kq
+SC new n\wos
+SU old senh _-
+S good ualaemom bed-, h su-
/ The 8uropean wordlistsfor /U I8 languages (by =inge, &arnow and Taylor /VV/)
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~nakhleh/CPHL/ie-wordlist-07.pdfhttp://www.cs.rice.edu/~nakhleh/CPHL/ie-wordlist-07.pdfhttp://www.cs.rice.edu/~nakhleh/CPHL/ie-wordlist-07.pdf8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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+SQ bad mallom h wap-
+SR rotten
+SS dirty
+S straight
+V round 9wel-
++ sharp h ed-, h e-
+/ dull
+C smooth
+U wet wed
+ dry ters-
+Q right
+R near nessimas
+S far wi
+ rightside destrst des-/VV left nertra9 sewy_s
/V+ at a3 epi, opi, h ad
/V/ in -en (h )en, (h )en-ter
/VC with com 9om, pe
/VU and ;l;m 9`e, de, nu
/V if sva;
/VQ because
/VR name numne;s q ~q k
hold, support
seven seften
si< sehs
nine nvven
eleven
ten de9en
eight vhto
beautiful
breadcarry, bear ber-
brother fratrPm
cry
dar9
daughter
do
door dh\-
don9ey dhwer-, dhwor-
evening
fianc\
8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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fine
finger
god
horse
house er9wa, e9wo-
hunger domoslaugh
open
peace
pigFboar h epero-
place
read
sister swes_r-
son sP-soul
spring
tall
ten
village
want
wolf wil9wis
yesterday
to rule, to lead straight, to put right reg
be (to be) es-
blind 9ai9o-
bind, harness
honey melit-
twenty
forty
hundred
support, hold
8/10/2019 Notes to Oscan and Other Italic Languages
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Contents
Oscan.............................................................................................................................................../The ego-pronoun ;;v .................................................................................................................../The divine names......................................................................................................................../#ustice........................................................................................................................................../The moon....................................................................................................................................Cay..............................................................................................................................................CThe deity Tinia............................................................................................................................CThe deity iuvei (#ove)...............................................................................................................C*ymbolic to9ens: and in the Oscan alphabet........................................................................C&riting conventions for vowels..................................................................................................UThe evolution from Toscans long " ("") to double " (&)......................................................
Oscan alphabet.......................................................................................................................7orth Dicene alphabet............................................................................................................4iddle 'driatic F *outh Dicene alphabet...............................................................................
*wadesh Eist for Oscan language...............................................................................................R