Notes One Unit Two Balancing chemical equations Pages 308-317

Notes One Unit Two

Balancing chemical equationsPages 308-317

Making Tricycles• Tricycles are

constructed from two components…

• Frame…. F• Wheel… W• FW3 F2

W4

Automated Tricycle Assembly• _____F2 + _____W4 _____FW3

F= F= W= W=

3

12 12

4

44

2

Balancing Chemical Reactions• 1)______I2 +______N2 ______NI3

• I= I=• N= N=

• 2)______S8 +______Fe______Fe2S3

• S= S=• Fe = Fe=

• 3)______Hg2O______Hg +______O2

• Hg= Hg=• O= O=

3

6 6

2

22

1

324 24

8

1616

16

2

2 2

4 4

4 1

Writing Chemical Equations

Qualitative Information

Quantitative Information

Reactants and products

Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations

Notes Two Unit TwoPages 318-324

Qualitative InformationSolid, Liquid, gaseous or dissolved Chemicals.

S8(g) gas

Fe(s)Solid

H2(g)gas

Cu(l) liquid

Fe+2(aq)dissolvedO2(g) gas

P4(s) Solid

HCl(aq) dissolved

I2(c) SolidN2(g)gas

NaCl(aq)dissolved

Cl2(g) gas

Br2(l) liquid

Fe2O3(c) Solid

HCl(g) gas

Quantitative InformationSubscriptsHow many atoms of an element that are in a compound.

Al2(CO3)3

Al= ?Two

C = ?Three

O = ?Nine

Quantitative InformationCoefficientHow many molecules of a certain substance is present.

3Al2(CO3)3

Al2(CO3)3= ?Three

C= ?Nine

Al= ?Six

O= ?Twenty Seven

Reactant versus Products

2H2O 2H2 + O2

Reactants on Products on

Reacts to form

left of arrow. right of arrow.

Things to RememberWhen making formulas from names…1) The endings –ide, –ate, –ite

cation and anion lists

2) The endings –ous acid or –ic acidacid list

4) Otherwise I) Special ElementalsII) Or periodic table

3) common sense names:watercarbon dioxide

sulfur trioxidedinitrogen trioxide

NaNa22CrCr22OO77Sodium DichromateSodium Dichromate ( )_( )_NaNa+1+1 CrCr22OO77

-2-21122

Pb(SOPb(SO44))22Lead(IV) SulfateLead(IV) Sulfate ( )_( )_PbPb+4+4 SOSO44

-2-24422

SO3H2OCO2 N2O3

mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, octa, nona, deca

Where Do We Find The Information For…oxygen… O2(g)…No -ide, -ite, -ate, -ous

oxygen difluoride…OF2… Common Sense, mono, di,…

iron(II) chloride…FeCl2… ends in ide…Cation/Anion

Sulfur hexafluoride...SF6…Common Sense, mono, di,…

hydrochloric acid…HCl… ends in -ic acid or -ous acid

Iron metal….Fe(s)…No -ide, -ite, -ate, -ous

nitrogen….N2(g)…No -ide, -ite, -ate, -ous

Special elements, then Periodic table



Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations

• Step 1 – Word Equation

• Step 2 – Make Correct Formulas

• Step 3 – Balance the Equation

Reaction Types1) Combustion:

hydrocarbon+ oxygen carbon dioxide + water

C5H12(l) + 8O2(g) 5 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)

2) Synthesis: A + B AB

4Sn(s) + S8(c) 4SnS2(s)

3) Decomposition: AB A + B

2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)

4) Single displacement: A + BC AC + B

2Al(s) + 6H2O(l) 2Al(OH)3(aq) + 3H2(g)

5) Double displacement: AB + CD AD + CB

AgNO3(aq) + KI(aq) AgI(s) + KNO3(aq)

6) Acid-base: acid + Base Water + Salt

6HCl(aq) + 2Al(OH)3(s) 6H2O(l) + 2AlCl3(aq)

more to one

one to moreSingle element

Writing Balancing ALead(IV) nitrate solid decomposes.

Lead(IV) Nitrate Lead solid + Nitrogen gas + Oxygen gas

( )_( )_PbPb+4+4 NONO33-1-1

4411

Cation/Anion Special ElementPeriodic Table

Special ElementPeriodic Table


Pb(NOPb(NO33))44(s)(s) Pb(s)Pb(s) ++ NN22(g)(g) ++ OO22(g)(g)

Pb=Pb= Pb=Pb=N=N= N=N=O=O= O=O=

11 11 22 66

11 1144 44

1212 1212

Silver nitrate solution is mixed with aluminum bromide solution.

silver nitrate + aluminum bromide aluminum nitrate +

( )_( )_AgAg+1+1 NONO33-1-1

1111( )_( )_AlAl+3+3 BrBr-1-1

3311 ( )_( )_AlAl+3+3 NONO33

-1-13311

( )_( )_AgAg+1+1 BrBr-1-11111

AgNOAgNO33 ++ AlBrAlBr33 Al(NOAl(NO33)) 3 3 ++ AgBrAgBr

Ag= Ag=O= O=N= N=Al= Al=Br= Br=

33

33

3399

33

33

33

11

11

99

11

11

silver bromide

Reaction type???? Double displacement

Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions

3333

Iron(III) oxide is mixed with aluminum powder.

Iron(III) oxide + aluminum solid aluminum oxide +

( )_( )_FeFe+3+3 OO-2-23322

AlAl ( )_( )_AlAl+3+3 OO-2-23322

FeFe

FeFe22OO33(s)(s) ++ Al(s)Al(s) AlAl22OO33(s)(s) ++ Fe(s)Fe(s)

Fe= Fe=O= O=Al= Al=

11

2233

22

2211

2233

22

22

iron solid

Reaction type???? Single displacement

Cations/Anions No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…


Special elements or periodic table


Iron(III) sulfate solid is made by reacting solid sulfur with iron(III) oxide and oxygen gas.

iron(III) oxide solid + sulfur solid + oxygen gas

( )_( )_FeFe+3+3 OO-2-23322

SS88 ( )_( )_FeFe+3+3 SOSO44-2-2

3322OO22

FeFe22OO33(s)(s) ++ SS88(s)(s) + OO22(g)(g) FeFe22(SO(SO44))33(s)(s)

Fe= Fe=O= O=S= S=

88

16162424

1616

883636

24249696

2424

33

iron(III) sulfate solid

+ + 7272

Reaction type???? Synthesis



No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…


Cations/Anions

Ethyl ether(C2H6O) burns.

Ethyl ether + oxygen gas Carbon dioxide gas +

C2H6O O2(g) CO2(g) H2O(l)

C2H6O ++ O2(g) CO2(g) ++ H2O(l)

C= C=H= H=O= O=

11

22

1 +1 +6 6

22

33

4 +4 +

22

3366

66

33

water

Reaction type???? Combustion



has mono, di, tri,…

Common sense

????????

Common Sense

Anthracene burns.

anthracene + oxygen gas Carbon dioxide gas +

C14H10 O2(g) CO2(g) H2O(l)

C14H10 ++ O2(g) CO2(g) ++ H2O(l)

C= C=H= H=O= O=

11

141410 10

1414

55

28 +28 +

1414

551010

3333

16.516.5

water

C14H10 ++ O2(g) CO2(g) ++ H2O(l)22 101028283333

Reaction Type….?• Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+ H2(g)• Single Displacement• 4Fe(c) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(c)• Synthesis• 2Ag2O(c) 4Ag(c) + O2(g)• Decomposition• Ca(OH)2(aq)+ H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(c)+ 2H2O(l)• Double Displacement• Cu(c) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(c)• Single Displacement• Mg(OH)2(aq) + H3PO4(aq)H2O(l) + Mg3(PO4)2(aq) • Double Displacement• Zn(s)+ AgNO3(aq) Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Ag(s)• Single Displacement• HNO3(aq)+ Ni (s) Ni(NO3)2(aq)+ H2(g) • Single Displacement• C5H12(l)+ O2(g) CO2(g)+ H2O(l)• Combustion

Review Lab and Quiz NotesPages 325-330

Lab Decomposition ReactionCopper(II) carbonate solid decomposes.

copper(II) carbonate copper(II) oxide + carbon dioxide gas

( )_( )_CuCu+2+2 COCO33-2-2

2222

Cation/Anion Cation/Anion mono, di, tri,….Common sense name

CuCOCuCO33(s)(s) CuO(s)CuO(s) ++ COCO22(g)(g)

Cu=Cu= Cu=Cu=C=C= C=C=O=O= O=O=

11 11 11

11 1111 1133 1 +1 +

We saw green powder turned black and the lime water turned white.

( )_( )_CuCu+2+2 OO-2-22222

2 2

Silver nitrate solution is mixed with potassium chromate solution.

silver nitrate + Potassium chromatePotassium nitrate +

( )_( )_AgAg+1+1 NONO33-1-1

1111( )_( )_KK+1+1 CrOCrO44

-2-21122

( )_( )_KK+1+1 NONO33-1-1

1111

AgNOAgNO33 ++ KK22CrOCrO44 KNOKNO33 ++ AgAg22CrOCrO44

Ag= Ag=O= O=N= N=K= K=Cr= Cr=

22

22

226 +__6 +__

22

11

22

22

22

__+ 4__+ 4

22

11

silver chromate

Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions Cations/Anions

( )_( )_AgAg+1+1 CrOCrO44-2-2

1122

6644

1111

Lab Double Displacement Reaction

Magnesium is heated in a crucible. A grey ash is produced

Magnesium solid + Oxygen gas Magnesium oxide solid

( )_( )_MgMg+2+2 OO-2-22222



Mg(s)Mg(s) ++ OO22(g)(g) MgOMgO (s)(s)

Mg=Mg= Mg=Mg=O=O= O=O=

22 11 22

22 2222 22

Lab Synthesis Reaction

Cation/AnionsNo ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…


Magnesium is heated in a crucible. A grey ash is produced

Magnesium solid + nitrogen gas Magnesium nitride solid

( )_( )_MgMg+2+2 NN-3-32233



Mg(s)Mg(s) ++ NN22(g)(g) MgMg33NN2 2 (s)(s)

Mg=Mg= Mg=Mg=N=N= N=N=

33 11 11

33 3322 22

Lab Synthesis Reaction

Cation/AnionsNo ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…


Hydrochloric acid is mixed with zinc solid.

Hydrochloric acid + Zinc solid zinc chloride +

( )_( )_ZnZn+2+2 ClCl-1-12211

HCl(aq)HCl(aq) ++ Zn(s)Zn(s) ZnClZnCl22(s)(s) ++ HH22(g)(g)

H= H=Cl= Cl=Zn= Zn=

22

2222

22

1111

1122

11

11

hydrogen gas

Common Acids No ide, ate, ite, ic No mono, di, tri,…




Lab Single Displacement Reaction

CONCLUSIONS AND QUESTIONS:1. Why did the mass increase during the burning of the magnesium in

part A?

2. What is the difference between a physicalreaction and a chemical reaction?

Acetone burns.

Acetone + oxygen gas Carbon dioxide gas +

C3H6O ++ O2(g) CO2(g) ++ H2O(l)

C= C=H= H=O= O=

11

33

1 +__1 +__6 6

33

33

6 + __6 + __

33

3366

88

44

water

Reaction TypesMg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

4Fe(c) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(c)

2Ag2O(c) 4Ag(c) + O2(g)

Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(c) + 2H2O(l)

Cu(c)+ 2AgNO3(aq)Cu(NO3)2(aq)+ 2Ag(c)

C5H12(l) + 8O2(g) 5CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)

BaCO3(s) + C(s) + H2O(l) 2CO(g) + Ba(OH)2(s)

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Notes One Unit Two Balancing chemical equations Pages 308-317