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8/14/2019 Notes Blog
1/20
[Early civilizations of
India and Pakistan]
3.1
October 6, 2008
8/14/2019 Notes Blog
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To do:
Create-a-test day. Read Section 1
Create a list of12 Questions.
True/false (4), multiple choice (4),short answer (4)
This should be an overview of theENTIRE section.
List/define 12 terms on pg. 68
Individual Work please.
Due Tomorrow.
Question #1---The natural landscape andgeography of South Asia hadlittle impact on the civilizationsway of life(T/F)
Mountains (Himilayas) limited contact with others
There were passes (i.e. Khyber)
Geography divided area into regions
Gangetic Plain
Deccan
Coastal plains
8/14/2019 Notes Blog
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Question #2--- Monsoons were an important
part of Indus Culturebecause they brought:
a. Cold winters, rainy summersb. Moist winters, dry summers
c. Natural disasters that brought peopletogetherd. Dry winters, wet summers
Monsoons seasonal winds that shaped Indian life
Depending on direction, crops would face both dry
season and moist season
If they dont come on time = starvation
If they come too often = mass flooding
Question #3---the cities of Mohenjo-Daro
and Harappa were well-planned and had organizedgovernments (T/F)
Cities had unknown hilltop structures
Laid out in patterns, with main streets/rectangle blocks
Had complex plumbing systems (drains, baths, etc.)
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Question #4--- Statues and clay seals found
indicate that the Indusreligious beliefs were
A. PantheisticB. PolytheisticC. Animistic
D. Monotheistic
Like other early civilizations, they were polytheistic
Possibly: a Mother Goddess (creation) and leading
male God.
Viewed animals as sacred. Foreshadowing
veneration?
Question #5
---By about 1900 BC, the Indus
civilization was no longer.
Explain what happened.
2600 BC 1900 BC
Quality of life dwindled, cities abandoned
Possible reasons:
1.Attack from outside
2.Environmental factors
3.Major Flood/Quake
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The Aryans2000bc 1500bc
Migration from C. Asia to India
Built NO CITIES, left behind little,
except
The VEDAS
(sacred texts, hymns, chants)
Way of Life
Lead by rajahs (most skilled
warrior)
Divided society
Brahmins | priests
Kshatriyas | warriors
Vaisyas | artisans, merchants Sudras | servants
Dalits | work others wouldnt do
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Religious Beliefs Polytheistic
Indra, chief God.
[Evolved overtime]
Braham, single God
Mysticism, contact with divine
Both shaped future Indian religion
HINDUISM
God is one, but wisepeople know it by many
names
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The basics.
No Founder, No Sacred Text
Complex, many gods, forms of worship
Universal Beliefs:
1) Everything is part of force ofBraham2) Gods give concrete form to
Teaching recorded in VEDAS
BRAHMA | the creator
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VISHNU | the preserver
SHIVA | the destroyer
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| Goal of a Hindu Life |
All have a ATMAN, true self
Goal is MOKSHA, or union with Braham
HOW? = free yourself from selfish desires
REINCARNATION (several attempts)
| Key Teachings |
KARMA, good and bad
DHARMA, moral duties
AHIMSA, nonviolence Caste systems, high and low dictated Hindu
life
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BUDDHISMSiddhartha Guatama
the Enlightened One
| The Basics | NO GOD.
Pain, sorrow and the cure
After becoming enlightened Buddha taught others
what he had learned:
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
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1 | All Life is full of suffering,pain, and sorrow.
2 | The cause of suffering is non-virtue
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3 | the key is to
overcome non-virtue
4 | overcoming non-virtue
requires following the
ULTIMATE GOAL = enlightenment, NIRVANA (release
from this earth (cycle of re-birth)
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Maurya Empire
{321- 185 BC} Chandragupta Maurya =
founder Well organized bureaucracy
Ruled effectively, but harsh
Dissentwas not allowed
Asoka Takes Reigns
Expands empire, then
denounces violence
(convert?) Encouraged spread of
Buddhism
Unifies empires
8/14/2019 Notes Blog
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Deccan
Kingdoms Diverse population
Dravidians/TamilKingdoms
Hinduism/Buddhismbecome popular
Trade was important
Guptas 320-540 AD
REMEMBER THIS:
GOLDEN AGE[Def: a period of greatcultural achievement]
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GOLDEN AGE[Def: a period of great
cultural achievement]
Schools! Religion and many other
topics taught
Developed decimal system of
numbers (~10)
Vaccinations!
>>>> White Huns ruin the party-
Unity no longer.
Chinese
Civilization10/20/2008Mr. Rathjen
8/14/2019 Notes Blog
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[Beginnings]
*History begins @ Huang River Valley
-Yellow River Civilization
*Loess fine, windblown yellow soil
*River Of Sorrows???
-Discover silk, calligraphy,
1st books
[Shang Dynasty]
*1766-1122 BC
*Clans, headed by princes and nobles held
most control*Social classes developed
-top = royal family, warriors
-bottom = peasants (*most people)
8/14/2019 Notes Blog
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[Zhou (joh) Dynasty]
*1122 256 BC
*Mandate from Heaven (divine right to rule)
*Zhou rewarded supporters with land
-feudalism?
*Downfall is _____________________??
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1. Founded by Laozi
2. Focus on harmony
with nature
3. Stresses virtue ofyielding
4. Govt is unnatural &
should govern as
little as possible.
1. Founded by
Confucius
2. Focus on worldly
goals of socialorder/good govt
3. Stresses accepting
ones place in
society
4. Govt should set a
good example
DaoismConfucianism
Chinese Unification
3.5
Cracking his long whip, he drove the universe before him,
swallowing up the eastern and western Zhou and
overthrowing the feudal lords
Shi Huangdi, First Emperor, rules QinDynasty in 221 BC (*last only until 206 BC)
Start of classical age, or framework for later
cultures
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Legalism
Huangdi rules with Legalism
Harsh rules/punishments
Authoritarian rule
Disbands feudalism
Builds GREAT WALL to protect state
Qin falls to revolts over policies (remember
dynastic cycle?)
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HAN Dynasty
(202 BC 220 AD)
WUDI, most famous emperor:
1. Confucian ideas
2. Strengthened economy (MONOPOLY)
3. Expansionism
4. Opens trade routes/Silk Road (4,000 miles)
5. Civil service system (merit driven appt)
HAN Dynasty
Warlords overthrow HAN
Achievements:
1. Academics/Astronomy2. Acupuncture
3. Paper making
Also, Buddhism eventually reached China (more
personalized/emphasized suffering)