Notes 17.2Notes 17.2

Radicals in ControlRadicals in Control

African Americans’ RightsAfrican Americans’ Rights Black Codes-laws in the Black Codes-laws in the

South that aimed to control South that aimed to control freedmen and allow freedmen and allow exploitation of AA by exploitation of AA by plantation owners.plantation owners.

Examples-arrest Examples-arrest unemployed AA and make unemployed AA and make them work to pay off fines, them work to pay off fines, AA not allowed to own or AA not allowed to own or rent land, make orphaned rent land, make orphaned children work for freechildren work for free

Slavery in disguise.Slavery in disguise.

Challenging Black CodesChallenging Black Codes Freedman Bureau given Freedman Bureau given

more power to hear cases more power to hear cases of wrong doing.of wrong doing.

Civil Rights Act 1866-Civil Rights Act 1866-Granted AA full Granted AA full citizenship and gave Fed. citizenship and gave Fed. Gov’t the power to Gov’t the power to intervene in state intervene in state matters. Overturned matters. Overturned Black Codes and Dred Black Codes and Dred Scott case.Scott case.

Johnson threatened to Johnson threatened to Veto laws, Congress had Veto laws, Congress had enough votes to override enough votes to override the veto and passed laws.the veto and passed laws.

1414thth Amendment Amendment 1414thth Amendment granted AA full citizen and protect Amendment granted AA full citizen and protect

under the Civil Rights Act.under the Civil Rights Act. Says no state can take away a citizen’s life, liberty and Says no state can take away a citizen’s life, liberty and

property without “due process of law” and everyone property without “due process of law” and everyone had “equal protection under the law”.had “equal protection under the law”.

Also added Confederate leaders couldn’t hold office Also added Confederate leaders couldn’t hold office unless pardoned by 2/3 of Congress.unless pardoned by 2/3 of Congress.

States had to ratify this amendment before admittance States had to ratify this amendment before admittance into the Union.into the Union.

Radical ReconstructionRadical Reconstruction Republicans won major Republicans won major

victories and had control of victories and had control of both House and Senate.both House and Senate.

Reconstruction Act 1867-Reconstruction Act 1867-1)Diveded 10 Southern 1)Diveded 10 Southern states into 5 military states into 5 military districts and under military districts and under military control until new gov’t est. control until new gov’t est. Made sure AA voted in Made sure AA voted in elections. 2) Military elections. 2) Military commanders began commanders began registering votes to vote in registering votes to vote in new state constitutional new state constitutional conventions.conventions.

Readmission of States and Readmission of States and Challenge to JohnsonChallenge to Johnson

Many Southerners Many Southerners refused to participate in refused to participate in elections and Republican elections and Republican gained control of Southgained control of South

By 1868 Alabama, AR, By 1868 Alabama, AR, FL, GA, LA, N.C. & S. C. FL, GA, LA, N.C. & S. C. were readmitted. In were readmitted. In 1870 MS, VA and TX 1870 MS, VA and TX readmitted.readmitted.

Johnson didn’t like Johnson didn’t like radical reconstruction. radical reconstruction. Congress passed Tenure Congress passed Tenure of Office Act-prohibited of Office Act-prohibited the President from the President from removing gov’t officials removing gov’t officials w/out Senate approval.w/out Senate approval.

Impeaching the PresidentImpeaching the President

Johnson violated Office of Johnson violated Office of Tenure act when he Tenure act when he removed Edwin Stanton as removed Edwin Stanton as Sec of War. Sec of War.

House of Rep decide to House of Rep decide to impeach Johnson because impeach Johnson because of this. Had impeachment of this. Had impeachment trail but did not have trail but did not have enough votes to impeach enough votes to impeach Johnson. Stayed until term Johnson. Stayed until term overover

Election of 1868Election of 186815th Amendment15th Amendment

Republican choose Ulysses S. Grant as Republican choose Ulysses S. Grant as candidate. Democrats chose Horatio Seymour. candidate. Democrats chose Horatio Seymour. Grant won.Grant won.

Passed 15Passed 15thth Amendment in February 1870. It Amendment in February 1870. It prohibited state and federal gov’t form denying prohibited state and federal gov’t form denying male citizens right to vote based on “race, color, male citizens right to vote based on “race, color, or condition of servitude.or condition of servitude.

17.317.3

The South during ReconstructionThe South during Reconstruction

African American African American in Governmentin Government

Hiran Revels- Hiran Revels- minister and Civil minister and Civil War veteran. Elected War veteran. Elected to the Senate form to the Senate form state of Mississippi.state of Mississippi.

Blanche K. Bruce- Blanche K. Bruce- former slave, former slave, became a became a Superintendent of Superintendent of schools and also schools and also served in Senate served in Senate from Mississippi.from Mississippi.

Scalawags & CarpetbaggersScalawags & Carpetbaggers

Scalawags-Southern whites who Scalawags-Southern whites who supported Republican Policy during supported Republican Policy during reconstruction. Hated by former reconstruction. Hated by former ConfederatesConfederates

Carpetbaggers-Northerns who moved Carpetbaggers-Northerns who moved South to support Reconstruction, South to support Reconstruction, usually former Union soldiers or usually former Union soldiers or members of freedmen bureau.members of freedmen bureau.

Resistance to Resistance to ReconstructionReconstruction

Many Southerners refused Many Southerners refused African Americans there African Americans there freedom, to rent land, give freedom, to rent land, give them credit or help them out them credit or help them out in any way.in any way.

Ku Klux Klan-Used violence Ku Klux Klan-Used violence and terror to keep African and terror to keep African American from gaining any American from gaining any kind of freedom. Also kind of freedom. Also targeted whites who helped targeted whites who helped them.them.

Government tried to stops Government tried to stops these acts of violence with these acts of violence with little success.little success.

Some ImprovementsSome Improvements

Education was improved Education was improved and public schools and public schools established. African established. African American and white American and white students went to students went to different schools except different schools except in Louisiana, South in Louisiana, South Carolina and Florida Carolina and Florida were they were were they were integrated and went to integrated and went to school together.school together.

FarmingFarming Beside education, African Beside education, African

Americans wanted land. Americans wanted land. Hard to get own land.Hard to get own land.

Sharecropping-Sharecropping-Landowners, rent land and Landowners, rent land and equipment to African equipment to African Americans in return to a Americans in return to a percentage of the $$ percentage of the $$ received for crops.received for crops.

Whites overcharged AA Whites overcharged AA and many had little left and many had little left over after dept was settled.over after dept was settled.