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Norwegian Navy’s approach to safe and efficient e-navigation
Content-Lessons Learned in the Navy– So Far
-Managing E-nav challenges
-The way ahead
Grounding frequency has increased with 20% from 2005-06
• Lack of training in the use of new equipment
• 13% of the groundings = The OOW falling asleep.
• Inattention and misjudgements
• High degree of automation in combination with familiar waterways results in boredom.
Groundings in Norwegian waters
40
50
60
70
80
90
Groundings from 2004-2006
Num
ber o
f gro
undi
ngs
Lessons learned I
Challenges in an ECDIS:
Softwaree.g different menu system
Electronic Charte.g general understanding
Sensor integrationaccuracy and redundancy
Lessons learned II
• IMO/type approval is not made for our requirements
• Lack of timely an adequate training
• ”Playstation mode”
Lessons learned III• Alarms not respected• Complex menu system
• Large displays and other sources illuminating bridge
• Too few hard buttons• eCharts more complex
than paper charts
Which display is most important?
Managing E-nav challenges:The navigation team
Cooperation on the bridge in order to ensure safe and effective navigation in speed up
to 60 knots in demanding waterways using IBS.
RADAR ECDISECDIS
CO
OOWOPR
ControlOperating
ECDIS/RADAR etc
ECDIS?
Observe
Navigation task
Role
The navigation team
Managing E-nav challenges:System control and monitoring
1. Control mode: – optical principles and/or radar.
2. Choice of sensors: – INS1, INS2, GPS1, GPS2, LORAN-C
or TERRESTRIAL input.
3. Level of Automation: – TRACK STEERING, CRS, WP, HDG
or MANUAL.
1.Control mode• Monitor the system accuracy and performance
– By optical or radar– position correlation/control – performance of autopilot
This in order to:
• Maintain traditional navigation skills• Be able to switch between eNavigation and
traditional navigation (e.g paper charts)• Organize the navigation team in such way that
the OOW has focus on the main display – ”eyes-out”.
2.Choice of sensors
Sensors - Redundancy- Accuracy- Degradation- Integration
- System handling
3. Level of automation
• Track pilot in command– Heading mode
– Course mode
– Waypoint mode
– Track mode
• Track pilot in local mode
• Manual steering
Control Mode Choice of sensors Level of Automation
Contributes to:• Common understanding of
– system parameters – system performance – navigation modes
• Maintain a good situational awareness in the navigation team.
• Increase safety at high speed in challenging waterways
Managing E-nav challenges:Added functionalities
Added functionalities in order to support the
control and monitoring of the system, but also
to ease the planning.
The way ahead, and its challenges
• RNoN paperless navigation in 2010
• Maintain traditional navigation skills
• Increase the knowledge of IBS and electronic charts
• Efficient procedures for E-navigation for all type of vessels
Proposed functionalities
1. Fixed Wheel-Over-Point (WOP)2. Object to head/aft heading
a) When planning a voyage the object to head has to be visualized on the console in combination with abeam lines on both sides.
b) When the voyage is monitored the object to head has to be indicated on the screen.
c) 45 degrees relative to own ship has to be visualized in planning mode.
3. 45° relative bearings functions4. Textbox
a) Transparentb) Chosen on/off as layers in Chart Themes
5. Range Marker abeam/ahead/astern. Speed/time dependent.
6. Navigation Object in control– Navigation light sector extension– Visual presentation
Challenging and upcoming projects
• Traditional navigation skills as foundation of E- Navigation
• KISS (Keep it Simple and Stupid)– Easy to understand the presentation on the console– Intuitive menu system– HMI as a part of the development
• Hard buttons• Develop/utilise added functionalities in order to
control the system.• An easy recognisable alarm regime where alarms
are divided into subgroups• Better and more adequate training
Recommendations
Summary-Lessons Learned in the Navy– So Far
-Managing E-nav challenges
-The way ahead
?