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Northern Northern EcohydrologyEcohydrology
Jessica M. Cable and W. Robert BoltonJessica M. Cable and W. Robert Bolton
International Arctic Research Center (Fairbanks)International Arctic Research Center (Fairbanks)
Environment and Natural Resources Institute Environment and Natural Resources Institute (Anchorage)(Anchorage)
University of Alaska University of Alaska
permafrostpermafrost
Miriam Jones
J. Cable
J. Cable
J. Cable
J. Cable L. Hinzman L Hinzman
freshwater systems in freshwater systems in AlaskaAlaska
Map by Robert Simmon
D. White
freshwater systems in freshwater systems in AlaskaAlaska
ecologyecology
climateclimate
permafrostpermafrost
hydrologyhydrology
boreal hydrologyboreal hydrologyHow does permafrost distribution and active layer dynamics impact streamflow and soil moisture?
Discontinuous warm permafrost region with boreal forestStorage dominated watersheds, on the margins
Caribou Poker Creek Research Watershed near Fairbanks, Alaska
boreal hydrologyboreal hydrologystreamflowstreamflow
Permafrost dominated watersheds - higher specific discharge, lower specific base flow, and longer recessions than low permafrost watersheds
boreal hydrologyboreal hydrologysoil moisturesoil moisture
Permafrost free systems – lower soil moisture than systems with permafrost
Permafrost free area Area with permafrost
5cm, organic soil40cm, mineral soil
ecologyecologyecosystem water useecosystem water use
transpirationtranspiration(vascular plants)physiologically
controlled
evaporationevaporation(moss, soil)physically controlled
evapotranspiration = evaporation + transpirationET affects soil moisture
E → surface moisture (0-15cm)T → surface & deep moisture
(> 5cm)
How are plants tied into soil moisture?Where in the soil do plants take water?
water uptake profileswater uptake profiles
a. C. bigelowii
fractional uptake from each layer
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Dep
th (
cm)
0-5
5-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50 moundtrough
b. V. uliginosum
fractional uptake from each layer
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Dep
th (
cm)
0-5
5-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50moundtrough
c. B. nanamound and trough
fractional uptake from each layer
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Dep
th (
cm)
0-5
5-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
d. R. chamaemorusmound and trough
fractional uptake from each layer
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Dep
th (
cm)
0-5
5-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
a. C. bigelowii
fractional uptake from each layer
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Dep
th (
cm)
0-5
5-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50 moundtrough
b. V. uliginosum
fractional uptake from each layer
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Dep
th (
cm)
0-5
5-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50moundtrough
c. B. nanamound and trough
fractional uptake from each layer
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Dep
th (
cm)
0-5
5-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
d. R. chamaemorusmound and trough
fractional uptake from each layer
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Dep
th (
cm)
0-5
5-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Sedge,blueberrySedge,
blueberry
shrubshrub
EcoHydrologyEcoHydrology
Permafrost free area
Surface and subsurface soil moisture are disconnected
EcoHydrologyEcoHydrology
How do vegetation water use and permafrost dynamics How do vegetation water use and permafrost dynamics impact stream flow in the boreal forest discontinuous impact stream flow in the boreal forest discontinuous permafrost zone? permafrost zone?
Holistic approach by integrating ecological and hydrological processes, Holistic approach by integrating ecological and hydrological processes, including storage, soil moisture, active layer dynamics, and transpirationincluding storage, soil moisture, active layer dynamics, and transpiration
“water limited”, less residual soil water
Not “water limited”, more residual soil water for other processes
EcoHydrologyEcoHydrology
Soil drainage poor wellPermafrost yes noTranspiration low high
coniferous deciduous
ConiferousCDE
DeciduousDDE
Likely varies over the growing season
Changes in permafrost AND vegetation
senesce, T decreases
DD
E- P
lants leaf out, T increases
CD
E - A
ctive layer deepens
Springsnow melt period
Growing season
Autumn
Integration
Field work
Data analysis
Model integration
Bayesian
Plant water use Hydrological variables
Pathway and timing of water movement
Ti ~ N (i,) Storage-based model
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Alaska EPSCoR NSF OPP International Arctic Research Center Larry Hinzman Kiona Ogle Bill Cable Miriam Jones Arctic Regions Supercomputing
Center