North South Magazine.july.13


2/70

MA

DZ

LY EG

CF

CM

GACG

ZR

TZ

KEUG

ET

SO

ER

AO

NA

ZA

BW

ZW

ZM MZ

MG

SD

TD

NE

BF

CI

GN

SL

GW

GM

TG BJ

GQ

SZ

LR

GH

NG

SN

TN

MR

ML

LS

DJ

RW

BI

afri inrnonry od

Africa News Agency

Reporting African Affairsand Events to the World

www.aicaewagecy.c.k

www.aicaewagecy.e

www.aicaewagecy.i

www.aicaewagecy.g email: [email protected]


3/70

newS & viewS to bridge the global divid

northsouth July 2013

ce

02 Editoil

03 New nd Bie

12 Oe the Top

COvEr sTOry

16 Eedopping nd hcking:

n intentionl diee

17 swde blame us liay

lie i leak

19 obama: A diappime

19 Eu demad awe ab

Pim daa eqe

20 swde aga will g ad

22 us ad uK veillace

age eveye

24 te makig Edwad swde

EaTurEs

25 Wld gee rai eleciwi cai pimim

26 te pele cae syia cic

27 Egyp ad Eipia eive dam eqie

e alk

28 Ii PM eceived leei bld ve plaedabi law

29 sda peadig cici e Ble nile

31 Bildebeg iie meeig mae ivee

32 udeadig nKea ad Kim Jg-

33 Japa ad e ewcamble Aica

34 Ae Bazil wegeig we?

35 te Pilippie:Dimalig ebel gp

37 Enionment

38 Innotion

39 Bine Bie

49 at & Entetinment

51 Tel & Toim

53 science New

55 Motoing

57 Book reiew

59 ICT

63 spot

65 Lie & stle

18

28 29

32

3155


4/702

northsouth

editorial

Pivacy e idividal, ececy e ae ad aial eciy aveall bee i ap c i e paweek de e leak maeialm e us naial seciy

Agecy (nsA).I aye i cked by wa wa

dicled la m by Edwadswde, a me cac e naial seciy Agecy (nsA)w leaked e deail ece usveillace pgamme, eey ave bee payig aei e lae advace i e feld imai ad cmmicaieclgy.

Accdig e p-ecedcme baied by eWaig P, e nsA ad eFBI ave bee appig diecly i

e ceal eve ie leadigus Iee cmpaie, exacigadi ad vide ca, pgap,e-mail, dcme, ad cecilg a eable aaly ackeig age. oe may wdew big i e us gvemePrIsM pgamme. I i implymaive. te dcme ae ae clleci cme diecly me eve ee us sevicePvide: Mic, Ya,Ggle, Facebk, Paltalk, AoL,skype, Ytbe, Apple. seveal ee cmpaie ied pblic

aeme deyig all kwledge e pgam, ad claimig paicipai. Baically, ayigy ave eve aed wi ayeab ayig e Iee aaleady bee ee by us fcial pyagecie.

tad eclgy, facead maacig cmpaie aewkig clely wi us aialeciy agecie, pvidigeiive imai ad i eeceivig beef a icldeacce claifed ielligece,accdig Blmbeg.

te iy i a Peide Baack

obama wa lecig i Ciecepa Xi Jipig ackiwe e y bke.

swde el wged by we gveme wa dig a wa willig give p e cmablie e led wi i gilied, wiciclded a $200,000 aal alaad a me i hawaii, j bie gveme pivacy beac lig.

revelai ve nsA glbal pyiae eaeig veadw Ameica Peide iic legacad cadic wa e pmied we campaigig peidecy: apaecy.

Baeed by week ciici

ab veillace abe, Peideobama a embaked eaace eive by admiia e py pgamme avbee ed awly ad ave beeeecive i ppig eveal epl. he pledged pe mdeclaifcai ielligece wad e aid e wld eegie dma ad leagic civil libeibad. hweve, hi pmie lackepecifciy ad claiy ad pepave aed believe a e i e picipled leade e payeimel be we eleced i 200ad pmied mc ad deliveevey lile i civil libey vale.

Peide obama aid a pe Iee cveai cabe mied wi a waam e c eablied by Feig Ielligece sveillaAc. B we aked wee pce ld be me apaee aively epded a: I apae, a wy we p e FIsA c. Peap c i apae im ae ielligece agecie, b i cmpleely paqe e pbliAll decii by e c ae

ece. te c a eed eleae i iepeai edelaw, eve i mmay m, awi ideiyig deail. I e ei ab iiiaig a cage e pyig cle ad idcime apaecy, e e ma wi a adical em FIsA c ad e Paiic Ac.

ali Bhijob, Edito

Group publisher

The Lod Newll, DL

editor-in-Chief

ali Bhijob

AfriCA editor

nklin adeegh

World AffAirs & book revieW editor

G anold

business editor

aln Bown

europe editor

reine Gttemn

AsiA editorsm stnding

trAvel & tourism editorMichel Bnd

Art & entertAinment editor

ski Willi

north AmeriCA editor

Jem stge

middle eAst Correspendent

egon

stAff reporters

robet Colille, Ptick Owen smith

AssoCiAte editor

Michel Knipe

AssoCiAte editor

Ke Whitemn

mArketinG & AdvertisinG

nk Olwole

GrAphiC desiGnersten Dzhetno

adde: Noth-soth PblictionHed oce, Cit Bine Cente

unit 17, Lowe rod, LondonsE16 2XB, united Kingdom

Tel: +44 020 72523000

Emil: [email protected]: www.nothothmg.com

subsCription rAtes

uK: 2000 nnllEozone: 2500 nnll

usa: $ 3000 nnllret o the Wold: $3000 nnll

Bck ie inclding potge: 500

Copight @ Noth-soth Pbliction


5/703 northsouthJuly 2013

&ew

be

Olo wold motexpenie cit

tky, e lg-adig

clie place be a expa

a ially bee veake by

e nwegia capial ciy ol

de i pa e eg

e Ke.

te Japaee capial i ill

vey expeive ciy live i a

a eig wke ad ji

like Lada, i Agla, ad

Jba, i sda, a e p 10

clie place be a expa.

Wile Aica ciie av

mved p e ak, av

nwegia e.

ol p e ca, ad

nway id lage ciy

savage i id e li

accdig clig im

ECA Ieaial.

I ay e ea nway

iig c eig

emplye ae de i g

Ke ad e ge evee

e cy big i m i

ic il eeve.

te vey ake i acc

ilai, excage ae, gd

a expa ypically by ad

eal expee wk a

aveage c livig.

oe Bii expa aid: A

wk i e il idy, nway

e cme p a a pibiliy

elcai. B nway a

ig axe, i vey cld ad wa

aleady expeive a eige

F me, e Middle Ea i a a

me aacive pi.

sme 165 milli cilde wldwide

ae ed by malii a

babie ad ace a e ill eal,

p edcai, lw eaig ad

pvey, aid e ead unCEF.

Ay Lake, execive diec

unICEF, ld ree e pblem

malii i valy de-

appeciaed becae p ii

i e miake a lack d.

I ealiy, e aid, malii ad

i ieveible eal ceqece

al aec elaively well-

cie, c a Idia wee ee

i pley d, b acce i i

eqal ad iial ce ca

be lw.

sig i e ceqece

deii i e f 1,000

day a baby lie, icldig

dig geai. sed cilde

lea le i cl ad ae me

likely emelve live i pvey

ad g ave cilde al

ed by p ii. tee i

iceae pvey i aeced

cie ad egi, ad dive

geae gap bewee e ic ad

e p, Lake aid.

te mbe ae pemeal.

I Idia, example, ab 48 pe

ce cilde ae ed, ad i

Yeme i alm 60 pe ce, Lake

aid i Ld aead a nii

Gw mmi c-ed by e

Bii ad Bazilia gveme

ad e Cilde Iveme Fd

Fdai (CIFF), a wic d

cie wee expeced pledge

me dig ackle e pblem.

te mmi cicided wi e

pblicai i te Lace medical

jal a eie die e

ie, wic d a a well a

e 165 milli cilde ed

by p ii, ealy al

all dea amg de fve - 3.1

milli dea a yea - ae caed by

malii.

unICEF ay i wa c

glbal e w 20 cie

- mly i Aica ad Aia - wic

ae me 70 pe ce e wld

ed cilde.

te c acklig p ii

i ee cie i eimaed be

ab $7 billi a yea, Lake aid.

La m mmi aimed ece

pledge ab al a am.

te egaive eec malii

ad ig cely c a

eimaed 11 pe ce g

dmeic pdc (GDP) ecmic

p i Aica ad Aia.

Mlntition condemn millionto tnted lie, uNICE

te cie ecmic lk

2013 ad 2014 i pmiig,

cfmig i ealy eiliece

ieal ad exeal ck

ad i le a a gw ple i

a ailig glbal ecmy. Aica

ecmy i pjeced gw by

4.8% i 2013 ad acceleae e

5.3% i 2014, accdig e

Aica Ecmic olk 2013

eleaed la m (p://www.

aicaecmiclk.g

aic gowth to top 4.8% in 2013


6/70



&ew beultope litllow kcpeto be 1km highoe e mai limiig ac

i w all kycape ca be i

wid way, dai dep

ce eg b e weig

e eleva cable.

seel cable cely ed i

eavy a e 500-mee mak a

e weig i peve iig

yem m wkig. A ew yp

cable cld cage all i.

ularpe a a cab fb

ce ded by a pecia

ig-ici caig makig i

exemely lig ad vey dable.

Five-ded mee

ularpe weig 12,800kg

cmpaed 29,000kg

ame leg eel cable.

I make, Ke, claim i

will allw igle eleva eac

eig p 1,000 mee, wic

a ig a e ce limi.

Cely e ly way

bildig pe eac i

level i peple wic li

alway p a appe i e 828

mee ig Bj Kalia i Dbai

te eclgy cld be ed

i Cia bid b Dbai

Wld talle Bildig cw

we i eec e 838 me

ig sky Ciy oe - i j eve

m.

tiy-eig cie ave

aleady me ieaially-e

ge eadicai age e

2015 alve e peceage

gy peple, aid un Fd ad

Agiclal ogaiai (FAo).

Amid e 1,000 day aci

e eig ai-pvey age kw

a e Milleim Develpme

Gal (MDG), 38 cie ave me

pa e f MDG wic call

Membe sae alve by 2015 e

ppi peple w e m

ge. o e, 18 cie al

eaced e me ige Wld

Fd smmi Gal edcig

by al e able mbe

deied peple bewee

1990-1992 ad 2010-2012.

Fi pped a e un Ceece

saiable Develpme (ri+20)

i Bazil la Je, e callege

aim a e wee evey

idividal a adeqae ii.

I fve bjecive ae make e

a eveye i e wld a acce

eg ii d all yea

lg; ed cildd ig;

bild aiable d yem;

dble e pdciviy ad icme

malllde ame, epecially

wme; ad peve d m

beig l waed. Wile me 870

milli peple wee ill gy i

2010-2012, i i j a aci

e billi peple we eal,

well-beig ad live ae bliged

by malii, accdig FAo

ep.

tw billi peple e m e

me micie defciecie,

wile 1.4 billi ae veweig,

wm 500 milli ae bee,

accdig te sae Fd ad

Agicle (soFA) ep.

I add a 26 pe ce all

cilde de fve ae ed ad

31 pe ce e m Viami A

defciecy. te f MDG al iclde

age alvig e ppi

peple we daily icme i le

a $1.25, ad acievig ll ad

pdcive emplyme ad dece

wk all.

38 contie met tget onhnge ediction, aO

te Lai Ameica cie wi

geae mbe cic ae

e wi bad cial ieqaliie

ad gveme wi limied

capaciy maage e,

accdig a ew un Develpme

Pgamme (unDP) ep iled

udeadig scial Cic i

Lai Ameica.

te ep eveal a cial,

iiial ad clal ei

i Lai Ameica ae me,

cmpaed e egi, ad ae

caaceized by a ig degee

ciize paicipai.

Blivia, Pe, ad Ageia

wee e cie wi e ige

mbe cial cic (ve 200

eac), wile e wi e lwe

level e wee Ca rica,

Cile, ad El salvad, wi a

aveage 58 cic eac. te

ep examied me a 2,300

cial cic i e egi by

miig 54 ewpape i 17

cie bewee ocbe 2009

socil confict in Ltin ameiclinked to ineqlit, uN epot

ad sepembe 2010, ad did

cve e cic aciaed wi

gaied cime, dg afcki

geilla mveme wa. F

e ll ep vii: p://www

dp.g/ce/dp/e/m

libaypage/cii-pevei-a

ecvey/udeadig-scia

Cic-i-Lai-Ameica/


8/70



New Eopeninititie to helpedce ood wtge

Accdig e uied nai

1.3 billi e, a id glbal

d pdci, i waed leac yea. A e ame ime, e

i evey eve peple i e wld

g bed gy ad me a

20,000 cilde de e age

fve die daily m ge.

Fd maace i Epe

epded e callege la

m wi e igig a

declaai 25 Je 2013 i

Bel aimed a edcig ad

peveig edible d waage.

te declaai, called Evey

Cmb C, wa gaied by

FdDikEpe ad al maked

e lac a ew lie lki1

maace ae be

pacice ad gidace g

e d ad dik idy. Evey

Cmb C llwed tik.

Ea.save e eme Wld

Evime Day 5 Je 2013

- wic igliged e pblem

d wae, i impac e

evime ad d ieqaliie

ac e wld.

te ce wld pplai 7.2

billi i pjeced iceae by 1

milli ve e ex 12 yea ad

eac 9.6 billi by 2050, accdig a uied nai ep, wic

pi a gw will be maily

i develpig cie, wi me

a al i Aica. te ep, Wld

Pplai Ppec: e 2012

revii, e a e pplai

develped egi will emai lagely

caged a ad 1.3 billi m

w il 2050. I ca, e 49 lea

develped cie ae pjeced

dble i ize m ad 900 milli

peple i 2013 1.8 billi i 2050.

Cmpaed pevi aeme

wld pplai ed, e ew

pjeced al pplai i ige,

maily de ew imai baied

eiliy level ceai cie.

F example, i 15 ig-eiliy

cie b-saaa Aica, e

eimaed aveage mbe cilde

pe wma a bee adjed pwad

by me a 5 pe ce.

te ep e a Idia i expeced

becme e wld lage cy,

paig Cia ad 2028, we

b cie will ave pplai

1.45 billi. Ae a, Idia

pplai will cie gw ad

Cia i expeced a deceaig.Meawile, nigeia pplai i

expeced pa a e uied

sae bee 2050.

Epe pplai i pjeced

declie by 14 pe ce, e ep

ae ad e cie i aleady

acig callege i pvidig cae

ad pp a apidly agig

pplai.

oveall, lie expecacy i pjeced

iceae i develped ad develpig

cie i e yea. A e glbal

level, i i pjeced eac 76 yea i

e peid 2045-2050 ad 82 yea i

2095-2100. By e ed e cey,

peple i develped cie cld live

aveage ad 89 yea, cmpaed

ab 81 yea i develpig

egi.

te ep fge ae baed

a cmpeeive eview

available demgapic daa m

233 cie ad aea ad e

wld, icldig e 2010 d

pplai cee.

Wold popltion to ech9.6 billion b 2050, epot

rin bholid homein spinI spai, a law wa paed a

will give peple m ide

e Epea ui a eidecy

pemi i ey by a ppey w

160,000 me. te idea i ell

me spai mae empy

ppeie a ave ld ice

e ig make ca i 2008.

te law i likely a ble a ed

aleady a play e Ca Bava

ad Ca Daada: e aival

middle-cla ria amilie kee

by bagai apame i y

spai.

sme 10.5 milli cilde ae

believed be wkig a dmeic

labe wldwide, accdig

a ew ep pblied by e e

Ieaial Lab ogaizai

(ILo) mak e Wld Day Agai

Cild Lab.

te ep ay a may

cilde wk i cdii a ae

dage ad meime vegig

lavey ad gge a e

cilde ae vleable pyical

ad exal vilece.

te ep gge a m

cild wke ae de e age

14 ad ve 71% ae gil ad e

deied acce edcai. Becae

e wk ake place wii me,

i i i difcl eglae.

te ILo ay dmeic cild

lab emai lagely idde ad

i callig ew ieaial

eglai.

We eed a b legal amewk

clealy ideiy, peve ad

elimiae cild lab i dmeic

wk, ad pvide dece wkig

cdii adlece we ey

ca legally wk, aid Cace

tma m e ILo.

te ep al ee a

dmeic wk i a impa

ce emplyme, epecially

milli wme.

Oe 10 million childen wokin le-like condition, epot



&ew be Bitin nked lepecel in 2013ti yea Glbal Peace Idex

a aked Biai 44, a all

ee place 2012. Cmpiledby e Iie Ecmic

ad Peace, e idex ak 162

cie ig 22 idica

c a micide ae, pliica

iabiliy ad ei aciviy

Fde seve Killelea aid: t

uK (uied Kigd) ell

back iceae likelid

vile demai

iceae i ei aciviy

ad a vey lig icea

i miliay expedie a a

peceage GDP.

B M Killelea aid e all i

peacele wa mall ae

a igifca. he added: t

cace e uK allig

bed i aily eme. I a peia

be me peacel a i i

cely aked. Biai c

i i yea idex wa 1.787,

ie 0.056 cmpaed wi la

yea. Iceae idicae a all i

peacele.

Biai wa al amg

e lea aqil ai i

Epe, cmig 26 36 i

e cie. oveall,

wld wa d be a le

peacel place ak a g

i mde i Lai Ameic

ad b-saaa Aica a wel

a iceaed miliay pedig

i dze cie. syia

ecded e geae ie i i

ce i e iy e idex

0.524 ad wa aked 160

ae m vilece. t

eeac ggeed a i m

lage clic, c a Iaq

ad Agaia, iea

ggle, c a i Libya ad

syia, M Killelea aid. Idex

akig al ggeed a

le ppl ai wee likely

be me peacel, e added.

Feedm mveme wii

e scege aea will be bee

peced ak membe e

Epea Paliame (MEP) ip

e ew scege gveace

le. Ipeci eam will i

e be able make aced

vii ieal bde al ay

aemp impe illegal ceck.

Fee mveme i e m piive

cme 50 yea Epea

ui (Eu) iegai, aid 62

pe ce epde a ece

Ebamee vey.

te scege gveace package,

aleady ageed imally by Paliame

ad Ccil egia ad eded

by e ll he, iclde w

eglai. oe eablie a ew Eu-

baed scege evalai mecaim

deal wi ciical iai ad e

e amed e scege Bde

Cde lay dw cmm le e

empay e-impii ceck a

ieal bde i excepial cae.

te scege Bde Cde (sBC)

aleady allw ieal bde ceck

be empaily eimped i

excepial cicmace a cld

cie a ei ea pblic

plicy ieal eciy.

te ameded sBC ee a ay

eidci bde cl a

ieal bde ld emai a

excepi ad ld ake place ly

a a meae la e, a icly

limied cpe ad peid ime, baed

pecifc bjecive cieia ad

a aeme i eceiy wic

ld be mied a ui level.

I e eve a ei ea

pblic plicy ieal eciy,

ceck cld be eimped 30 day,

ad plged p ix m.

Wee eeeable eve eqie

immediae aci (e.g. a ei

aack), membe ae cld e-impe

bde ceck ilaeally, p 10

day. Ay plgai wld ave

be mied a Eu level.

Migai ad e cig

exeal bde by a lage mbe

id-cy aial ld

, pe e, be cideed be a

ea pblic plicy ieal

eciy, ay e ex.

scege cadidae cie

ad e a ae aleady

membe e ceck-ee aea will

be evalaed i e ame way ad

bjec e ame le.

te scege gveace package

i expeced be adped mally by

e Ccil i e am.

Eu Pliment bck schengen eom

Fige eleaed by e Wld heal

ogaiai (Who) ave w

a ab 140 milli gil ad

wme wldwide ae livig wi

e ceqece Female Geial

Milai (FMG). te fge cme

lig llwig e dea i Egyp a

eeage gil ae a illegal cicmcii.

sai al-Baaa la m eed a

ap dp i bld pee elig

m ck ama, fcial aid. Who

aid i Aica ale, a eimaed 101

milli gil aged e ad abve ave

dege FGM addig a i me

cie like Egyp, Eipia, smalia

ad sda, ae milai ca be

a ig a 98 pe ce. te ep al

aid e milai i mly caied

yg gil meime bewee

e iacy ad e age 15. I e

uied Kigdm, i i eimaed a a

may a 6,500 gil ae a ik FGM

evey yea. Accdig Who, FGM i

baed i 194 un membe ae.

emle genitl mtiltion ect140m woldwide, WHO


10/70



600 aghn intepete

to moe to uK o

iting Bitih oce

Ab 600 Aga iepee

a p emelve i dage

Bii ce ae be give

eleme ig i e uied

Kigdm a ewad aiig

Bii ce i Agaia. te

mve cme ae e Gveme

wa acced ailig i i mal

bligai elp iepee

a ik beig ed dw by

e taliba ce Bii ce

leave a e ed ex yea. te

package will apply ay Aga

iepee emplyed by Bii

ce me a 12 m.

Chinee hckeeme ttckon us tget?tee m ae acke wkig

a cybei Cia Peple

Libeai Amy we ile amid

evidece a ey ad le daam ce Ameica cmpaie

ad gveme agecie; ey

appea ave emed ei

aack ig diee eciqe,

accdig cmpe idy

eciy expe ad Ameica

fcialcied by e new Yk

time.

te us Peide Baack obama

admiiai ad g a

amig ad amig e gp,

f i idy ep ad e i

e Peag w deailed vey

Ciee miliay capabiliie, mig

pmp Cia ew leadeip

cack dw e miliay igly

gaized eam acke

a lea ge em becme me

ble.

B ui 61398, we well-

gaded 12-y wie eadqae

e edge sagai became

e ymbl Ciee cybepwe, i

appaely back i bie.

Depie pge pec cilde

livig i wa-aeced cie, e

evlvig caace ad acic

cic ae ceaig pecedeed

ea cilde, paiclaly isyia, Mali ad e Ceal Aica

repblic (CAr), accdig a un

ep. te ep eview iai

i ee ad 18 e cie,

a well a e egial cic

ivlvig e Ld reiace

Amy (LrA) we aciviie impac

cilde i e Demcaic repblic

e Cg, Ceal Aica

repblic ad s sda.

te ep al ame ad

ame paie a egage i e

ecime ad e cilde,

exal vilece agai cilde, e

killig ad maimig cilde i

cavei ieaial law,

ece aack cl ad/

pial ece aack

ea aack agai peced

peel.

ti yea, e li iclde 55

amed ce ad gp m 14

cie, icldig 11 ew paie

i Ceal Aica repblic, DrC,

Mali ad syia.

tw cie pevily lied

nepal ad si Laka ave bee

emved i yea. I addii,

ew aci pla ave bee iged

wi e DrC, Myama, smalia

ad s sda, a admap

peial deliig.

o syia, un seceay geeal

Ba-Ki-m aid i i aal

ep a e ll e cic i

akig cilde i accepable

ad beaable, ad gig

immediae meae pec elive ad digiy all cilde.

te un a al cied iace

cl i syia de aack

ad limied acce lieavig

maiaia aiace.

Meawile, e un Cilde

Fd (unICEF) eieaed a all

paie amed cic m d

eveyig ee e aey

cilde ad e peci ei

ig. I paicla, e un agecy

ed a ifc e ciig

ed cl beig aacked

ad ed miliay ppe,

icldig ca ad e bmb

deaed ea cl. A eped

167 edcai peel, icldig

69 eace, wee killed p e

ed Febay 2013 ad 2,445

cl ae eped damaged, e

un agecy ed, addig a i

me aea, cilde ave bee

cl i ve 18 m.

hded cilde, maily

by bewee 12 ad 15 yea age,

wee elied dig e epig

peid, maily ma ceckpi

ad cdc pal, wile e

jied pvey ad eligi

afliai.

te un al eceived ad lked

i ep exal vilece

agai gil wic ae believed

ave bee widepead ad

yemaic i e Mali ice

Jaay 2012. A lea 211 gil

wee aped, ced may

ewie exally abed.

Amg e pi elaed

Mali, ee ae dze ep

cilde beig killed maimed

by weap, mie ad explive

ema wa dig e Fec

ad Malia miliay campaig

iiiaed i Jaay 2013, icldig

dig aeial bmbadme.

Confict in si, Mli nd Car poeeio thet to childen, epot



&ew beLptop cn beeched t us Bode

ude e F Amedme

e uied sae Cii

Ameica ae geeally peced

m eaable eace ad

eize by gveme ageB ee i geeally le pivacy

a e bde - ally we

eeig e uied sae m

abad. A pee, bde age

d ave pvide a waa

ave eaable pici

eac a lapp.

tey eeially j eed

c. F me ime w

civil libeie gp ave bee

peig cage a plicy. A

e vey lea, ee gp wld

like cmpel e gveme

explai i legal aiale. Back i

Febay 2013, e ofce Civi

rig ad Civil Libeie a

Depame hmelad seciy

(Dhs) eleaed a execiv

mmay i fdig jiy

waale bde eace

lapp.

Me peple ae egee ieally

diplaced a a ay ime ice

1994, wi e cii i syia avig

emeged a a maj ew ac i

glbal diplaceme, accdig

a ep pblied by e u hig

Cmmii regee (unhCr).

te unhCr aal Glbal

ted ep cve diplaceme

a cced dig 2012 baed

daa m gveme, nGo

pae, ad unhCr iel. te

ep w a a e ed

2012, me a 45.2 milli peple

wee i iai diplaceme

cmpaed 42.5 milli a e ed

2011. ti iclde 15.4 milli

egee, 937,000 aylm eeke,

ad 28.8 milli peple ced

ee wii e bde ei w

cie.

Wa emai e dmia

cae. A ll 55 pe ce all

egee lied cme m j fve

wa-aeced cie, amely

Agaia, smalia, Iaq, syia

ad sda. te ep al ca

maj ew diplaceme m Mali,

i Demcaic repblic e Cg,

ad m sda i s sda

ad Eipia.

te uied sae pped e li

cie ig ew aylm

eeke i 2012, wi a eimaed

70,400 ew claim dig e yea.

Gemay wa e ecd lage

ecipie wi 45,700 claim,

llwed by s Aica (61,500),

Face (55,100) ad swede (29,600).

te uied Kigdm aked ix

wi 27,500 aylm eeke i 2012,

wi swizelad (25,900), Aalia

(25,300), Caada (20,200) ad Keya

(20,000).

Al evide i e ep i a

ciig gap bewee ice ad

pe cie we i cme

w i ig egee. o

e 10.5 milli egee de

unhCr madae (a e 4.9

milli Paleiia egee all

de e madae ie-agecy,

e un relie ad Wk Agecy),

al ae beig ed by cie

a ave a pe capia GDP le

a us$5,000. I all, develpig

cie 81 pe ce e

wld egee cmpaed 70 pe

ce a decade ag.

Cilde belw age 18 make p 46

pe ce all egee. I addii,

a ecd 21,300 aylm applicai

bmied dig 2012 wee m

cilde w wee accmpaied

epaaed m ei pae.

ti i e ige mbe

accmpaied epaaed

cilde a unhCr a ecded

Agaia emaied e wld

p pdce egee, a pii

i a eld 32 yea.

o aveage, e evey

egee wldwide i Aga, wi

95 pe ce lcaed i Pakia

Ia. smalia, ae paced

cic, wa e wld ecd

lage egee pdcig ai

dig 2012, weve ee e

ae egee w lwed.

Iaqi wee e id lage egee

gp (746,700 pe), llwed

by syia (471,400).

Wi peple diplaced iide ei

w cie, e fge 28.8

milli 2012 i e ige level

i me a w decade.

Oe 45 million peoplediplced o egee, epot

it swhili edition

o Hmn Deelopmenrepot neiledA swaili mmay edii

e 2013 hma Develpme

rep wa laced i Keya by

e uied nai Develpme

Pgamme, makig e f

ime a unDP agip ep

a bee available i e m

widely pke Aica lagage.

swaili i w pke by a

eimaed 150 milli peple ad

i a fcial aial lagage i

cie: Keya, tazaia,

ugada ad e Demcaic

repblic e Cg. swaili i

al a fcial wkig lagage

e Aica ui.

te 2013 hma Develpme

rep, te rie e s

hma Pge i a Divee Wl

wa laced glbally i Mexi

Ciy i Mac 2013.


12/70 1



Ltin ameic hold be

inoled in tntlntic

eltion, Eute Epea ui (Eu) ad

e us m ege ei

elaiip g a e ad

ambii ageda, llwig ee-eleci Peide Baak

obama, membe e Epea

Paliame (MEP) aid i a ve

la m. tey al delied

a e Eu ad us m ivlve

Lai Ameica cie ad

Caada me clely i e bade

aalaic paeip.

te egiai a

taalaic tade ad Iveme

Paeip (ttIP) ld

imlae cle cpeai i

aea e a icly ecmic

e, icldig eig plicy,

MEP aid. I pie e ecmic

cii, e Eu ad e us ld

cie play key ccive

le i apig e ieaial

evime. Cybe-eciy,

ad epecially ceig cybe-

aack, ld be piiy e

Eu-us cpeai, MEP e.

te ex add a MEP ae deeply

cceed by ece evelai

e us veillace ad daa

gaeig peai de e

PrIsM pgamme.

Ecmic ad cial ie, glbal

gveace, demcaiai,

ma ig, climae cage

ad eegy ae amg pible

aea bade aalaic

cpeai lied by MEP.

Fllwig yea legal bale

ad aced wi ieable evidece,

e Bii gveme a fally

ackwledged e f ime ee ad ill-eame iiced

by e clial admiiai p

ad pie dig e

Keya Emegecy (1952-1960).

I 2009, a gp eldely Keya

vicim e fled a claim

agai e Bii Gveme,

wic p il w a ely

eied. rEDrEss ieveed i

e cae ad made wie ad al

bmii e hig C

e ie wee e claim wa

ime-baed.

te eleme iclded a

cmpeai payme 19.9

milli ($32m) me a

5,000 viv a well a Bii

dig a memial i naibi

Keya vicim clial

e. Feig seceay Williamhage expeed i Paliame i

icee ege b pped

iig a aplgy.

A e ame ime e eieaed

a e Bii gveme de

cide iel liable ac

cmmied de clial le ad

eed a i will cide

e eleme a pecede i e

cae.

rEDrEss wa ded by a

e viv i 1992. sice

e, i a ciely g

e ig e viv

ad ei amilie i e uied

Kigdm ad abad.

Bitin compente Kennictim o tote te 50 e

A bid alve exeme pvey i

Aica i i ge dage ailig

becae aid age ai ae

pedig eg ei w

peple, accdig a ep by te

oe Campaig gp.

Wile e pe b-saaa

cie ave, e leade

nigeia, Zimbabwe ad Dr Cg

ae beig blamed Aica

ai allig $250b ei

ca pmie. te Milleim

Develpme Gal (MDG) pjec, a

ceme c c impveime

by al, ed i 2015 ad ee ae

ea a ime i ig

i e age. nigeia i expeced

all $23b i w eal

pedig pledge by 2015, ye e

cy ejyed $54.25b il

evee i 2011.

Mali, rwada, Eipia, Gaa

ad Malawi ak igly i ei

pge wad MDG. hweve,

Zimbabwe ae ailig e w,

llwed by Dr Cg, repblic

Cg, sda ad Gab. Me

a w id e eaed $250b

defci cme m nigeia, Agla

ad s Aica ale.

aic iling to hleexteme poet, cmpigne

texa Gve rick Pey a

iged a bill givig texa me

pivacy ve ei ibxe a

aywee ele i e uied sae.

Pey iged hB 2268, eecive

immediaely.

te law ield eide e

Le sa sae m pig by

ae ad lcal law eceme

wi a waa.

te bill e-mail amedme wa

wie by Jaa sicklad, a 29-

yea-ld repblica w epee

a aea bewee Dalla ad F

W.

ude e mc-maliged 1986-

ea Elecic Cmmicai

Pivacy Ac (ECPA), edeal law

eceme agecie ae ly

eqied ge a waa acce

ece e-mail bee ey ae peed

by e ecipie. A we ave ed

may ime bee, ee ae c

pvii i edeal law ce e

e-mail a bee peed i i a

bee iig i a ibx, peed,

180 day.

Tex become t tte to eqie wnt o emil nooping


13/70

Pperbck 20.00

The New scmble o aic

Pperbck 15.00

Moocco in the 21t Cent

Pperbck 15.00Hrdbck 20.00

on sALE noW

m n-s Bk

postage free for UK500 for Europe1000 for rest of the world



(

(

(

North-South Books

City Business Centre

Unit 17

Lower Road

London SE16 2XB, United Kingdom

Emi: [email protected]

cpy s:

www.northsouthpublications.com

Ali Bahaijoub

WESTERN SAHARACONFLICT:

Historical, regional and internationaldimensions


14/70 1



Jpnee ce limmeexecie mothpiece

ght winkleWe i cme fdig bizae

li eveyday pblem,

e Japaee ae defiely wld

leade. tey ave cme p wi

a ai-ageig device a claim

give aggig acial ki ad

mcle a mc-eeded daily

li.

Accdig Japaedp.

cm: t ge ad maiai e

peec viage, y d eed e

cmeic ge kie. All y

eed i a mpiece.

Japaedp.cm ca ip

ei pdc ac e wld a

e adable pice $61, pl

page ad packig!

theve p!

Bo

e

cocodile:

which

i the

winne?

Hngin dieto hopitl holdingwn-o mA hgaia ma w awed

e i am by accide belw

e elbw maaged dive 15

kilmee (10 mile) pial i

Aia clcig e eveed limb,

plice aid. te 37-yea-ld mew

cceeded i fig e am

e maciey a ad liced i

i Pbac i eae Aia bee

geig i i ca ad peedig

e caaly depame i eaby

Eiead.

Plice aid e ly ea e

hgaia did bleed dea

wa a e wa i a ae ck.

he wa ailied pial i Viea

wee dc wee yig ic

e limb back .

Itlin mn killmothe oegl o wteA Ialia ma a epedly beae

i me dea i e bam

ei e dig a i w

paked by e eal big im

a gla wae.

Accdig lcal media, 29-yea-

ld Ci Ciccaelli ad ggled

yea wi a dg abi ad ad a

empe elaiip wi i

me.

tey ay e wa d i a

agiaed ae i e e ea

naple, wi cace all ve i

ace. Ciccaelli a bee aeed

e mde ae allegedly admiig

e aally bea i me i a f

age.



Doz bnke tne$295 million in eo

A ied Gema bak emplyee a

caed a i ae edig $295m

a cme acc wil

dzig . Iead makig

payme $82, e dded

a e keybad wi i fge

ck 2 ad e eqivale

$295m diappeaed.

A emplyme c i he

ead a e ell aleep a

ia, aeig e m. t

dzy clek w wa blamed

wg ae, b i 48-yea

ld b wa fed leig

payme g. se appealed

agai e ackig ad e c

aid e ld be eiaed ae

jdge ageed e did deev

be acked e miake. I wa

clea wee e ma w el

aleep l i jb.

A 65, Cecylia Mecale i e lde

ple dace i Biai ad ay e

eel yge a eve. Cecylia,

m Dam, Eglad, k p

e al bby ae e 28-yea

maiage ell apa. nw e ay

e a bee give a ew leae

lie ad a dacig i evealig

cle a de wde e

bdy cfdece ad eve d

lve agai. Ae e divce we

g, I el a ee a a bid. I el

like my w pe agai, j

mee wie, e aid. s ee

wa ldig back we Cecylia

ped 66-yea-ld Alec Lie a a

pay.

Wile e pai aed immediae

iee, Alec lve meal

deecig i a a cy m Cecylia

ple dacig, ey i i .

Cecylia admi ple dacig

wa difcl a f b wkig

a a e, e ly execie wa

ig bewee wad. nw e

able ave ed ad i i Cecylia

dage rebecca w i lkig

ae e me. te 36-yea-ld,

w a bee ple dacig fve

yea a bee wig e e

pe. I wa a bi pied we

mm aid e waed ji i,

rebecca aid. B e I g,

wy ? Age a limi. nw

e eve givig me a my

mey, e added.

Bitin oldet pole dnce

17th cent gell o $34mA Peia g, baely big eg

cve e aveage bam a

a ecd $34m. Decaed wi

wilig vie ad viba we

e ealy 17 cey ad-wve

g meae j 2.7m (8 9i) b

1.95m (6 5i). te g wa pa

clleci beig ld by e Cca

Galley A, i Waig DC.

ad bee beqeaed e galle

by William Clak, a billiai

idiali ad us ea, p

i dea i 1925. te pevi

ecd pice a cape wa $9.6

a Peia g ld by Ciie

i Ld i 2010.

Plne few een fight withded mn in wheel wellA iFly je k eve ig bee

maieace wke fally iced

ee wa a dead waway i e

weel well. te iFly Aib A330-

300 ad cmpleed a ig m

rimii, Ialy Mcw, ria

we maieace wke iced

bld ai e mai ladig

gea . Ae a cmplee

ipeci e weel well ey

d e emai

a male cayig a

Gegia pap.

Accdig e

Aviai heald,

apy el la

m evealed e

ma ad ze

dea.

I v e ig a i

ae deway

deemie wee e

ma mig ave g

e aica.


16/70 1



How tong ithi pole dnce?J becae i i ple dacig de

mea i i a. I i cae,

ple dacig al mea eqie

eg. We I ee meig

like i, I amaically ak e

qei: wa kid ce

wld i gy ave i am?

Ad my ecd qei: wee

ca y ge like ee? ok,

ge ab e ad le

lk a e pyic Cal

Faca ad i pae Felix Cae.

A igid bdy i eqilibim mea

a i i eie acceleaig

cagig i agla mi.

Wold heietmothe tget1,000 pondDa simp f came ame i Febay 2007,

we Gie Wld

recd declaed e eWld heavie Me

becae e weiged 532

pd bee givigbi e dage

Jacqelie. nw simp

a aleady 600 pd.

se i pig weig eac 1,000-pd.

Bmb dipal expe wee called

i ae a ppil a s Magae

Cc Eglad pimay

cl i e uied Kigdm

bg i a ell e ae

able.te by 20cm ailley weap

led e cl i Bwe

Gid, Eex beig evacaed.

te device wa lae d be

amle.

school ected te bobing in tille wepon

sh dink 25 lite o wte dA addici g, i i a l ealie

a dg, bze cigaee. A

yg mm a evealed w e i

ked WAtEr a e dik p

25 lie a day.

Pemaely iy saa Keedy,

26, ay e gzzle a mc a ix

gall wae ad a g e

ile p 40 ime a day.

te me--w, w claim e

a eal pblem, eve wake p

eveal ime a ig ip wae ad

g e ile. saa aid: I I eel my

m a ge dy I ave ge my

ex fx wae - i all I ca c . I

eel iy pey mc all e ime ad

alway ave be ippig wae - i a

addicive abi. te m leep Ive eve

ad i ab a ad 15 mie,

becae I am geig p dik

ip e l. saa, m sed-

-sea, Eex, Eglad, develped e

h20 abi we e wa j w. By

e age ix e mm wa placig a

plaic jg ll wae ex e bed

eac ig. By e age 13 e wa

aleady dikig p 15 lie a day.

Ad by e ealy 20 e wa dwig

20 lie a day ad e addici peaked

we e bega wkig m me

a elecm cmpay i 2007. saa aid:

I d I wa dikig me becae I

wa el-cci ab gig p

ad geig wae i clleage.

I wa dikig ab 25 lie a day ad

my wk mae wee cceed ey

ld me g pial ad ge cecked

. B ey cld fd ayig

wg. I ly a eelig ill i I d

dik - my m ge eally dy.


17/70northsouthJuly 201316

cve y

NSA headquarters

hackig i a elaively ewaciviy wic ee ae mally ageed ieaial

pcl cl e pacice.

Meve, i i impa

diigi bewee ackig

imai wile leavig daa

ad aciliie iac ad ig

dw damagig aciliie. te

f aciviy i pyig, e ecd

abage. Ieviably i wee

em wa Cia de make e

eadlie, wa e uied sae

de i epe i deeive. te

uied sae a acced Cia

cybe ii ice 2002.

I 2006 e us egieed 30,000

cybe ii ad e fge ad

gw 72,000 e us Deece

Depame cmpe ewk by

2009 wile e c deedig

imai agai c aack

ad ie $10 billi by 2012.

Accdig us eimae Cia

a e capabiliy lac cybe

aack aywee i e wld

a ay ime. tee i dipe a

e mbe iee plice

Cia maiai: 30-40,000

300,000 b Cia de maiai

a igly piicaed cl

yem. Wile Waig pi

e aggeive cybe aciviie

e Ciee i dwplay i w

g i ac i a e lage,

m piicaed elecic

eavedppig gaiai i

e wld i i naial seciy

Agecy (nsA). sececy d

all apec i peai.

sice e ei aack 9/11

e us gveme a pe $40

billi mdeiig e nsA: i

a ake 10,000 ew emplyee,

pgaded i iace ad

pcaed mc ewly develped

ig-ec py gea ad cmpe

yem. te elig capaciy

eable e uied sae gai

acce e yem b ied

ad (appae) eemie. te nsA

w a a aal bdge $10b

ad 30,000 miliay ad civilia a

ad a becme e lage, m

pwel us gveme agec

head ofce a e wld lage

ca pak wi 18,000 place.

I i ceai we

Waig wa cmplaiig

Ciee ii came e deep

embaaig evelai

wile blwe Edwad swde

a g i Pim yem

uied sae wa miig

cllecig imai all i

ciize. te us gveme ii

a i i ai i e eac

ei b i claim a bee

me wi cideable cyicim

All gveme py b e i

aied by e Pim evelai

wee e gveme mi

e imai i e we

i eally elp p ei. I

aema 9/11 i became bvi

a e us gveme w

e e aack a a jifcai

a gealy iceaed ye

imai age ab i

w ciize, a develpme

a pvided jifcai

imila py aciviie i Epe a

elewee. te Ameica pblem

alway ab i claim ad

demcacy ad libey ad eed

wile i emply weap c

a ae dicaial. A a ceqe

swde evelai

Ameica Civil Libeie ui

i flig a lawi agai e u

gveme claimig i ma

clleci pivae maeial

illegal ad ld be pped. t

lawi i likely g all e wa

e speme C. Waev

e cme blake miig

-us ciize iee acivi

Eedopping nd hcking:n intentionl diee


18/70


northsouth July 2013 1

will p eim. Wa i

will d, weve, i dey i

gveme.

te Pim evelai led

a pliical w i Biai we

Feig seceay William hage

wld eie cfm dey aBiai py cee (GCMQ) ad

acce e us Pim pgamme

we e made e a

aeme a m peple ad

ig ea i e gveme

a eve me acce ei

deail. I Biai e accai

agai GChQ wa a i wa

ig Pim eable i bypa

Bii legal eai. ti aied

e qei a wee Bii

le gveig e iecepi

Bii aial pivae daa

apply we ae cy de i

Biai beal. hage iied

a e Bii gveme wa

cmmied bigig wad

ew pwe mi iee

cmmicai.

te Pim evelai wee all e

me embaaig Waig

becae ey wee made pblic we

Xi Jipig wa i Caliia avig

e e alk wi Peide

obama w wa akig im

ak ve Cia ecd iee

ievey. F yea e uied

sae a acced Cia vayig

degee cybe e/waae ad

wa a ea us iee. te

alk bewee e w peide i

ey a lea peeed e ca Ameica eedm ve Ciee

cl. I ac e us image a

eceived a baeig i ece yea

Gaaam Bay, wae badig,

edii e, e killig

civilia by e de

a peeig e eedm-lvig

image e uied sae becme

iceaigly difcl. obama ld

Xi Jipig a e w cie

cld wk gee i Cia wld

ld back cybe peeai.

A swde e wile blwe

aid m i empay bae i

hg Kg, I d wa live

i a wld wee eveyig I d

ad ay i ecded. te Pim

pgamme pick p imai

m all e cmpe fm ad

cial ewk ie a w

m e cee live: ee

iclde Mic, Apple, Ggle,

Facebk, Ya ad skype. t

e peial g ii

i e pivacy milli peple

i bvi. tee ae edle ad

gwig epeci m e

Pim appac live. t,

e us elepe gia Veiz ad

bee deed ad ve deail

ay call made by i cme

Ameica ielligece evice,e gveme claimig a i

wa a ciical l i pecig e

ai m ei aack. te us

Feig Ielligece C ied

a c de daed Apil 2013 b

i place ve eve yea ced

Veiz give nsA imai

all ladlie ad mbile elepe

call made by cme i

Veiz Bie ui.

M ieeig day i e ac

a e uied sae ad Cia

ae cmig eve cle adpig

imila pyig, cybe eciqe.

obama ied b al-eaedly

calm us ea ve e gveme

eavedppig pgamme (

pgamme?). n mae w

mc e us gveme ii

a veillace pgamme ae

agai eim ad aial

eciy c claim d f

i wi e uied sae me

claim ad demcacy ad

eedm. G anold

Edwad swde, e Ameicaw leaked deail ab usnaial seciy Agecy (nsA)

veillace pgam, aid a e

decided dicle e imai

ae bevig a ciig liay

lie m ei membe

e obama admiiai ad us

eleced fcial. Pliicia lyig

e pblic wi epeci

i e evidece a bveed

demcacy, swde aed i a

live ca wi lie eade e

Bii ewpape te Gadia.

te ce e gveed i

ce i i i imed.

Alg e evealed imel

a e ce e leaked

imai ab e us

gveme p ece pe ad

Iee veillace pgamme

m i ide- i hg Kg,

e vigly deied avig give

claifed imai Cia.

I ave ad cac wi e

Ciee gveme, e aid. I

ly wk wi jali.

hweve, e h Kg baed

ewpape, te s Cia Mig

P, qed swde eig ew

deail ab e uied sae py

aciviie, icldig accai

us ackig Ciee mbile

elepe cmpaie ad ageig

Cia tiga uiveiy.

Cia Xia ew agecy,

eeig swde accai

ab e ackig Ciee

age, aid ey wee clealy

blig ig ad added: tey

demae a e uied sae,

wic a lg bee yig

play ice a a vicim cybe

aack, a ed be e

bigge villai.

swde al aid a e did

expec ge a ai ial i

e us. te us gveme,

j a ey did wi e

wileblwe, immediaely

ad pedicably deyed ay

pibiliy a ai ial a me,

pely declaig me gily

ea, e we. Ideed, e us

snowden blme us litn o lie o hi lek



aiie ave caged swde

wi e gveme ppey,

aied cmmicai

aial deece imai ad

willl cmmicai claifed

cmmicai ielligece

a aied pe, wi e

lae w cage allig de

e us Epiage Ac.

Eac e cage caie

a maximm 10-yea pi

eece.

us fcial ave deeded e

pacice gaeig elepe

ad iee daa m pivae

e ad e wld ad aid

a Pim ca be ed

ieially age ay Ameica

aye i e us ad a i i

pevied by jdge.

te uied sae eqeed hg

Kg, a pecial admiiaive

egi (sAr) Cia, exadie

swde e us. te us

gveme ealie made a

eqe e hKsAr gveme

e ie a pviial waa

ae agai M swde, e

hg Kg gveme aid i a

aeme.

sice e dcme pvided

by e us gveme did lly

cmply wi e legal eqieme

de hg Kg law, e hKsAr

gveme a eqeed e us

gveme pvide addiial

imai ... A e hKsAr

gveme a ye ave

fcie imai pce

e eqe pviial waa

ae, ee i legal bai

eic M swde m leavig

hg Kg, e aeme added.

hg Kg, a me Bii

cly, eveed Ciee le i

1997 ad alg i eai a

idepede legal yem, ad i

w exadii law, Beijig a

cl ve hg Kg eig

aai.

swde le hg Kg

Mcw ad m ee Ecad

wee e wa gaed aylm.

Ecad Feig Miie, ricad

Pai, w wa i Vieam,

cfmed a aeme by e ai-

ececy webie WikiLeak, wic

aid M swde ad g aylm

m Ecad. te Gveme

Ecad a eceived a aylm

eqe m Edwad J. swde,

e we twie. tw ca m

e Ecadia embay wee

ped a seemeyev aip,

ellig m a swde

fal deiai cld be e Lai

Ameica cy, we Ld

embay a give ele Jlia

Aage, WikiLeak de.

Media ep aid a e wa

eed aylm i ria, Icela

Ecad, Cba ad Veezela.

te ria Peide Vladim

Pi pkema, Dmiy Pek

aid a ria wld cid

gaig swde aylm i

wee ak i ad p-Keml

lawmake pped e idea, b

ee a bee idicai e a

de .

Wikileak de Jlia Aag

w i cely eleig i

Ecadea embay i Ld

ae beig gaed aylm la

yea, ied a aeme ayi

a i gaizai a elped

fd swde pliical aylm i

demcaic cy.

swde depae m h

Kg ca e ceaiy v

e ppec im acig ji

i e us ad will ly pl

e agy us py agecie a

e damagig ceqece

swde evelai.

te debae will al age

vial qei eedm ve

eciy, aey ve pivacy, a

wa i e limae piiy. sc

debae i a allmak a ci

demcacy i e ppe ee

e wd. ali Bhijo

Edward Snowden


20/70



Reding and Holder

We Baack obama w epeideial eleci i 2008 eimpaly bke e ace baie

wile makig pmie a me

i ppe aw a ealdiga ew pliical age b, a ey ave

dicveed, e geae e pmie

e me pd e diilli.

Fe evelai ab e baliie

meed pie eld i

e Gaaam pi agai

wm cage ave eve bee

laid imply empaie e aile

obama e i peideial

pegaive emve i e

e bdy pliic e uied

sae. Iead, e a acqieced i

e cied e edii ad

wae badig, iceaed e e

de, mliplyig i e pce

e mbe civilia caalie

ey cae, leced Cia Xi

Jipig i cy cybe

waae aciviie eve a evelai

maive us cybe ii wee

made pblic. oe decii, alm

ceaily e el ad ce

miliay advice, a bee wic

e us aval peece m Epe

sea Aia acig Cia 60

p ce acig Cia 40 pece

i e Alaic. Bildig a miliay

baie d Cia i e way beak g e develpig

wall pici a w aec

e w cie.

te Peide e viied

Gemay wee e addeed

a plie b adly eiaic

cwd, wic i mc-vaed

eic ailed igie. Apig J

Keedy i 1963 i peec mig

ave bee wie a e eig

e Cld Wa. he made a ew

e am edci ria

a adly eeced pee day

ealiie wile ailig mei

Ia Iael n Kea. I e

eece e admied a day

cce did mac e e

Keedy ea: tday ea ae

a ak a ey wee al a cey

ag, b e ggle eedm

ad eciy ad ma digiy,

a ggle ge . obama

mig ave added a e ggle

eceive mc le pp m e

uied sae day a i did 50

yea ag. I wa a ied peec m

a diillied Peide. recely,

gwig aei a bee paid

e declie us wld iece ad

a g delie i cage,

Agaia Peide hamid

Kazai bke ak wi e uied

sae by decig Waig

decii iiiae alk wi e

taliba. Wa, i mig be aked,

wa e wa ab?

By e ecd al Je e us-

Cia elaiip ad bee edced

a i cai ab

cybe, ackig, daa accmlai

ad depie ealy us lecig Xi

Jipig ab Cia aciviie i

emeged a e uied sae ad

Biai wee epible me

ackig a ay e pwe.

G anold

Obm: a dippointment

te Epea ui (Eu) JiceCmmiie a wie eus aey geeal, Eic hlde,

qeiig im ab Ameica

daa veillace pgamme, Pim.

Viviae redig we a e wa

cceed Ameica e cld

ave gave advee ceqece

e dameal ig Eu

ciize.

I e lee Eic hlde, M

redig ak qei eve aea

cce ab Pim ad e us

daa veillace pgamme:

Ae ey ly aimed a gaeig

e daa us ciize ad eide,

ae ey al - eve pimaily

- ageig -us aial,

icldig Eu ciize?

I e daa clleci limied

pecifc ad idividal cae ad, i

, wa cieia i applied?

hw eglaly i e daa

idividal clleced pceed i

blk?

Wa i e cpe Pim ad

e c pgamme? I i limied

aial eciy ad eig

ielligece, ad i w ae c

Eu demnd nwe bot Pim dt eqet



em defed?

hw mig cmpaie i e us

ad Eu callege e e

acce ad aalye e daa?

Wa way mig Eu ciize fd

i ey ave bee aeced? hw

i i diee e iai us ciize ad eide?

hw mig Eu ciize ad

cmpaie callege ay e

acce ad pce ei peal

daa? hw de i cmpae e

ig eed us ciize ad

eide?

M redig added a Ameica

law ece ld ly be give

acce Eu ciize daa beig eld

us cmpaie eve i clealy

defed, excepial ad jdicially

eviewable iai.

A pkewma e

cmmiie cfmed e lee

ad bee e ad a M redig

expeced deailed eplie e

qei.

A eie leak gge maj

ec fm ave paed imai

e naial seciy Agecy

(nsA), e us gveme

pig gaiai.

Epea daa peci law p

eici w daa gaeed

ab peple, icldig cialewkig daa, ca be ed, aid

D Ia Bw, aciae diec

oxd uiveiy Cybe seciy

Cee.

te (us ec) fm will w ace

ei qei m aial daa

cmmiie ad eve peially

m idividal e i Epe

ve wee ey llwed all e

Epea daa peci law a

ae pped p ig like i

appeig.

Accdig leaked dcme

pblied by e Gadia ad

e Waig P ewpape,

e nsA ca de iee fm

give i acce pivae email,

lie ca, pice, fle, vide

ad e daa pladed by eig

e.

Ggle a aid a i cmplia

wi e eqe did give

us gveme eeed acce

e daa, b e

dicle bligai pevee

i pvidig deailed imai e pblic. Alg wi Faceb

Mic ad twie, i a ake

be able be allwed pbli

imai ab e mbe a

cpe e eqe eceived. Med

ep ggeed Ya, Paltal

AoL ad Apple ave al bee

ivlved i Pim.

us ielligece cie ave aid

e daa-weep ave live by elpi

wa e pl b e Epea

pblic a lage i cviced pa

becae ey wde w ae

acally amig e uied sa

Ameica: e w ae ece

bildig a maive veilla

yem ad iallai

w im ciize a i i bei

de ei beal. aln Bow

s

wde pible ig

Ecad capial, Qi, via Cba,

cld ave bee ampeed by e

us, wic ad evked i pap,

accdig Ameica fcial cied

by Aciaed Pe ad ree.

te mve wld ave pbably

cmplicaed swde avel pla,

b wld ave eceaily

waed em i a ei fcial

i a cy ailie deed e

widawal be velked.

swde, w leaked ece ab

us glbal veillace peai,

wa accmpaied i ig m

hg Kg Mcw by a WikiLeak

acivi. I a aeme, WikiLeak,

wic a bee pvidig legal ad

lgiical elp swde i i

pedicame, aid: he i bd

e repblic Ecad via a ae

e e ppe aylm,

ad i beig eced by diplma

ad legal advie m WikiLeak.

M swde eqeed a

WikiLeak e i legal expeie ad

expeiece ece i aey. oce

M swde aive i Ecad i

eqe will be mally pceed.

te gaiai ay i lly

pp swde, w claim a

e caied i leak becae e

wa diged by e exe cve

aciviy by us agecie, ad made

e imai available i e

pblic iee. swde a aked

pliical aylm i Ecad, e

cy a a al give ele

e WikiLeak de, Jlia

Aage, a i embay i Ld.

speakig e sydey Mig

heald m e Ecadia embay

i Ld, Aage aid: owig

WikiLeak w cicmace,

we ave develped igifca

expeie i ieaial aylm

ad exadii law, aciaed

diplmacy ad e pacicaliie i

ee mae. I ave gea pe

ympay Ed swde pii

WikiLeak ablely pp

decii blw e wile

ma veillace e wld

pplai by e us gveme.

swde ecape m hg K

iiaed us pliicia, wile Ci

ced cdemig Waig

ve i lae dicle, wic

ggeed e nsA ad acked i

Ciee mbile pe cmpai

acce milli pivae e

meage.

Mcw wa al daw i

cvey ae i emeged

swde pap ad bee evke

bee e le hg Kg ad e d

ave a via ria.

B ria appeaed idiee

e pa, wi e fci

ayig swde wa ae m

aiie a lg a e emaie

i e ai lge a e ciy

snowden g will go on nd on


22/70



seemeyev aip.

te hg Kg baed e s

Cia Mig P dicled deail

ew dcme m swde

a ggeed e nsA ad acked

i Ciee pe cmpaie.

Cia fcial ew agecy

Xia aid e evelai ad p

Waig i a eally awkwad

iai. tey demae a

e uied sae, wic a lg

bee yig play ice a a

vicim cybe aack, a ed

be e bigge villai i

age, i aid.

F e ecd ime i 10 day,

Geeal Kei Alexade, e ead

e nsA, ad deed e agecy

aciviie, ad e did dey e

lae allegai. t ay a wee

willlly j cllecig all

daa wld give y e impei

a wee j yig cava e

wle wld, Alexade aid. te

ac i wa wee yig d i ge

e imai ai eed, e

eig ielligece, a pimay

mii. te cae a swde

a bg p i i deedig i

ai m a ei aack. Im

cfde a wee llwig e

law a cy a i dig

wa we d. We ave a e law

a gide w nsA ac; we llw

e law. We ave emed

veig by all ee pi e

gveme: e c, Cge

ad e admiiai.

te all- m swde leak

cied i e veillace

debae i e Epe ad Biai,

wi sami Cakabai, e

diec Libey i e uied

Kigdm, iiig e Bii

Pime Miie David Came

e eig eceay, William

hage, ld adde Membe

Paliame pvide ll acc

ae e Gadia evealed a e

Bii py agecy GChQ a p

ap me e cable a cay

iee afc i ad Biai,

ad develped a age yem

cdeamed tempa a ca keep

e imai p 30 day.

ti pgamme, wic a bee

dicled bee,

allw GChQ

keep a va

am email

ad elepe

call aalyi,

aid e Biidaily. GChQ a

aid i cmplie

lly wi Bii

law.

us aiie

ay swde i a

cimial ad wa

cage im

wi epiage.

te gveme

hg Kg

aid swde ad

le e eiy

by cleaig

pap cl

i e mal

way addig a

e us ad

cmpleed e eceay papewk

i ime eabli e eed a

pviial ae waa ad

peve swde m leavig hg

Kg. I al expeed iiai a

ep a hg Kg gveme

cmpe may al ave bee

ageed by e nsA, peap gig

me way explai e decii

le swde g.

Geeal Kei Alexade, diec

e nsA, aid e did kw w

i agecy ad allwed swde

leave hawaii, wee il May

e ad bee wkig a e i

aellie fce, ad avel hg

Kg beaig may ae ece

a e wa e give away.

Wee e nsA miig

pgamme ae acally legal

ad eecive eed me peig

qei ad awe. A

Edwad swde wee e

deeve be eaed a a ai

a e i ae mae a e

Ameica peple eed awe

ae weigig e p ad c

e evelai. ali Bhijob



Feig pliicia ad fcialw k pa i w G20 mmimeeig i Ld i 2009 ad ei

cmpe mied ad ei pe

call ieceped e ici ei Bii gveme ,

accdig dcme ee by e

Bii daily e Gadia. sme

delegae wee icked i ig

iee cae wic ad bee e p

by Bii ielligece agecie

ead ei email afc.

Ameica pie baed i e uied

Kigdm (uK) ieceped e p-

ece cmmicai e e

ria peide, Dmiy Medvedev,

dig i vii Biai e G20

mmi i Ld, leaked dcme

eveal.

te deail e iecep wee

e i a biefg pepaed by e

naial seciy Agecy (nsA),

Ameica bigge veillace ad

eavedppig gaiai, ad

aed wi ig-akig fcial

m Biai, Aalia, Caada ad

new Zealad.

te dcme, leaked by e nsA

wileblwe Edwad swde

ad ee by e Gadia, w

e agecy believed i mig ave

dicveed a cage i e way

ria leadeip igal ave bee

mally amied.

te dicle delie e

impace e us py b a rAF

Mewi hill i hagae, n

Ykie, wee ded nsA

aaly ae baed, wkig algide

liai fce m GChQ. te 560-ace ie wa leaed e Ameica

i 1954 ad e nsA a ad a lage

peece ee ice 1966. I a

e bee decibed a e bigge

veillace ad iecepi aciliy

i e wld, ad a 33 diic

wie adme a e aellie

die. A us bae i all b ame,

i a Bii ielligece aaly

ecded wk algide nsA

clleage, g i i clea w

e w agecie bai ad ae

ielligece ad de we legal

aiy ey ae wkig de.

te leaked dcme e

Gadia wa daed i Ag

2009, m ae e vii by

Medvedev, w jied e wld

leade i Ld, icldig e us

peide, Baack obama, e

eve ed by e Bii Pime

Miie, Gd Bw.

Wile i a bee widely kw e

w cie py eac e, i

i ae eie be cag i e

ac; e lae dicle will al be

deeply embaaig e Wie

he a Peide Baack obama

wa pepaig mee i ria

cepa, Vladimi Pi, w

cceeded Medvedev a peide

i e magi e G8 mmi

ne Ielad la m. te w

cie ave lg cmplaied ab

e exe eac e epiagaciviie b i ime ee wa a

evidece pve i.

te evelai came a e uK w

pepaig e G8 mm

all wm aeded e 200

meeig wic wee e bjec

yemaic pyig. tee wa m

ei amg e viiig delega

w waed Pime Miie Dav

Came explai wee e

wee ageed i 2009 ad we

e execie wa be epeaed aga

dig e mmi.

te dicle aie ew qei

ab e bdaie veilla

by GChQ ad i Ameica i

gaiai, e naial seci

Agecy, we acce p

ecd ad iee daa a bee

deeded a eceay i e fg

agai eim ad ei cim

te G20 pyig appea ave bee

gaied e me mda

ppe ecig a advaag

i meeig. named age icld

lg-adig allie c a s

Aica ad tkey.

tee ave e bee m

ad cpiacy eie ab

kid epiage a ieai

ceece ad eve, b i

igly al ad evidece

cfm i ad pell e deail a

i wa de i ime by e Ameica

wileblwe Edwad swde.

te evidece i caied

dcme, claifed a p ece

wic wee cveed by

nsA wileblwe ad ee b

e Gadia. tey eveal

dig G20 meeig i Apil a

sepembe 2009 GChQ ed w

e dcme call gd-beaki

ielligece capabiliie iece

e cmmicai viii

delegai.

us nd uK eillnce tget eeone

GCHQ headquarters


24/70



Thi inclded:

Setting up internet cafes where

ey ed a email iecepi

pgamme ad key-lggig

wae py delegae e

cmpe;

Penetrating the security ondelegae BlackBey mi

ei email meage ad pe

call;

Supplying 45 analysts with a live

d-e-clck mmay w wa

pig w a e mmi;

Targeting the Turkish nance

miie ad pibly 15 e i i

pay;

Receiving reports from an NSA

aemp eavedp e ria

leade, Dmiy Medvedev, a i pe

call paed g aellie lik

Mcw.

te dcme gge a e

peai wa acied i piciple

a a ei level i e gveme

e e Pime Miie, Gd

Bw, ad a ielligece,

icldig biefg viiig

delegae, wa paed Bii

miie.

Accdig e maeial ee

by e Gadia, GChQ geeaed

i pdc by aackig b e

cmpe ad e elepe

delegae.

How doe it wok?

A iee be i a lile like

sky+, b a alm imagiably

lage cale. GChQ, aied by e

nsA, iecep ad cllec a lage

aci iee afc cmig

i ad e uK. ti i e

fleed ge id ieeig

ce, ad wa emai i ed

a peid ime ee day

ce ad 30 day meadaa.

te el i a GChQ ad nsA

aaly ave a va pl maeial

lk back i ey ae wacig

a paicla pe i eal ime j

a y ca e tV cac-p evice

mi a pgamme y ad ead

ab.

te yem eem peae by

allwig GChQ vey iee

afc wig g diee

cable a egla ieval, ad e

amaically deecig wic ae

m ieeig, ad aveig e

imai m e.

te dcme gge GChQ waable vey ab 1,500 e 1,600

ig-capaciy cable i ad

e uK a ay e ime, ad apied

ave imai m 400 a

ce a qae all afc.

A la yea, e agecy ad ge

alway, aacig pbe 200 fbe-

pic cable, eac wi a capaciy

10 gigabi pe ecd. I ey, a

gave GChQ acce a w 21.6

peabye i a day, eqivale 192

ime e Bii Libay eie bk

clleci.

GChQ dcme ay e ae

made amaically fle uK--

uK cmmicai, b i i clea

w i wld be defed, wee

i wld eve be pible i may

cae.

GChQ ad nsA aaly, w

ae diec acce e yem, ae

epeaedly ld ey eed a jifcai

lk imai age i

e yem ad ca imply g

fig ip, de e hma rig

Ac eace m be eceay ad

ppiae. hweve, we ey

d eac e daa, ey ave l

peciali l a le em bai a

ge am imai m i:

deail email addee, IP addee,

w peple cmmicae wi, ad

wa eac em ey e.

te imple aalgy ce ad

meadaa i a ce i a lee, ad

meadaa i e evelpe. hweve,iee meadaa ca eveal mc

me a a: wee y ae, wa

y ae eacig , w y ae

meagig ad me.

oe e dcme, ee by e

Gadia, e w GChQ defe

meadaa i deail. I e a i

a email, e , m ad cc

feld ae meadaa, b e bjec

lie i ce. te dcme al

e w, i me cicmace,

eve pawd ca be egaded a

meadaa.

te diici i a vey impa

e GChQ wi egad e law,

e dcme explai: tee ae

exemely ige legal ad plicy

cai wa we ca d wi

ce, b we ae mc ee i w

we ca e meadaa. Meve, ee

i bvily a mc ige vlme

ce a meadaa.

F ee ea, meadaa eed

will ally be eleced we pll

eveyig we ee; e e

ad, we geeally ly pce

ce a we ave a gd ea

age, cclded e Gadia

ewpape. aln Bown

NSA building



swde gew p i Elizabe Ciy,n Calia, ad lae mved Maylad, ea e eadqae

e naial seciy Agecy

(nsA) a F Meade.

Accdig ep, e died

cmpig a a Maylad cmmiy

cllege ge e eceay cedi

bai a ig cl diplma b

did fi e ce. I 2003,

e aged 20, e jied e us

Amy ad bega aiig wi e

special Fce ly be dicaged

ae beakig b i leg i a

aiig accide. hi f jb wi

e nsA wa a a eciy gad

e e agecy ece aciliie

a e uiveiy Maylad.

he e wked It eciy

a e CIA ad depie i lack

mal qalifcai, i cmpe

wizady allwed im qickly

ie g ielligece ak, ad

by 2007, e wa give a CIA p

wi diplmaic cve i Geeva.

swde ld e Bii Gadia

ewpape: Mc wa I aw i

Geeva eally diillied me ab

w my gveme ci ad

wa i impac i i e wld. I

ealied a I wa pa meig

a wa dig a me am

a gd. swde aid e ad

cideed gig pblic ealie, b

waied ee wee Peide

Baack obama eleci i 2008

wld cage e us appac.

obama, e aid, cied wi e

plicie i pedece ad

i 2012 e gave mey

repblica peideial cadidae

r Pal, w pp icly

cailig e pwe gveme.

Accdig campaig ecd,

swde epedly made w

dai $250 ve e ce

e campaig. I 2009, swde le

e CIA ad bega wkig a e

nsA a a emplyee vai ide

cac, icldig clig

gia Bz Alle.

We swde wa mally acked

11 Je, e wa a alay

$122,000. Ealie 1 May, swde

ad i gilied mved ei

me i Waipa, We oa, hawaii,

leavig ig beid, eae age

aid. A eigb aid a e cple

ally kep e blid ad d

cled ad did eally alk aye

a all ad ee. hi gilied,

we peal blg iclde p

e ple dacig, a aid e

pae dde diappeaace

cag e by pie. My w

a peed ad cled all a ce

Liday Mill we. Leavig me la ea wi a cmpa.

Meawile 30-yea-ld swde

a bee caged i e us wi

e gveme ppe

aied cmmicai

aial deece imai a

will cmmicai claife

cmmicai ielligece. A

e us fled cage ad aked lc

aiie exadie im, swde

le hg Kg 23 Je, iiial

Mcw b wi e iei

eekig aylm i Ecad. Ecad

Feig Miie ricad Pai a

a swde aylm eqe wa

beig aalyed. te ria

Ciee ad e Ecadia a

g be liked swde

ecape m hg Kg ad a

likely ad im ve

Ameica.

A ria, elai wi

us ae qie y a e mme

maily becae ge dieece

w elve e syia cii a

e us eacme e Magik

law wic pibi eace

uied sae ria fcia

g be epible

dea segei Magiky,

ria lawye ad adi w die

i a Mcw pi i 2009. Wi

egad e Ciee, claim a

ce-claim epiage bewee

em ad e Ameica make

Ciee a elpl pae

i ccai. te Ecadia,

ei pa, ae kw pp

wileblwe, a cae i pi

a Wikileak Fde Jlia

Aage w i ill led p

e Ecadia embay i Ld

depie call i exadii. F

w, i appea Edwad swde w

emai a giive ad may e

Ameica il e eeeab

e.

The mking o Edwd snowdenBorn 21 June 1983, Edward Snowden is the US man wanted by the Obama administration

or revealing details o top-secret American and British government mass surveillance

programmes to the media, writes Franklin Adesegha.


26/70northsouthMay 201325

eaesebia ad ejeced a Epeaui-bkeed deal maliig ie wi i beakaway

pvice Kv. te Eu ad

give sebia a limam

eliqi i eecive cl ve

e Kv i e e

a Eu membeip alk.

sebia Pime Miie Ivica

Dacic ad Kv Pime Miie

haim taci eed me

cl clleage ad decide

e ep ake.

Ae a week eeci ad

clai ad i a mve a

wld pe d alk

Epea ui (Eu) membeip

Belgade, sebia ad Kv

pime miie ageed a iic

ageeme la m ele ei

agile elai i Bel, ae

ve a decade deep aimiy.

ti cie a milee e

egi ecvey m e cllape

Yglavia. hweve, tad

dema maced agai

e sebia gveme pe

agai e ageeme malie

elai wi beakaway Kv.

Flag-wavig seb caed tea,

tea, a ey gaeed i e

capial Belgade ae e

gveme aimly appved

e Eu-bkeed deal.

Eu eig plicy cie Caeie

A, w ad bee mediaig i

e alk, aid e pime miie

b ide ad iiialled a

ageeme dig alk i Bel,

cappig ix m delicae

egiai.

te pac ackle e eic

paii Kv bewee i

Albaia majiy ad a mall

Belgade-backed pcke me

50,000 seb i e , a cim

a a dgged egial abiliy

ice Kv eceded m sebia

i 2008. I will al likely pe

e d geae ieai

iegai sebia wic wa

ly backed by ria dig

Balka wa. sebia ad Kv

ae e la yg ae emeg

m e ae edeal Yglav

b wic Belgade cide

cadle e seb ai.

sebia pe e deal will b

eg wi e gee lig

e Eu 27 membe e a

alk sebia accei

blc.

ta pce cld lck sebia

peial a e lage make

e me Yglavia ad l

mc-eeded eig iveme

i gglig ecmy.

te Epea Cmmii w

likely ecmmed e a

accei egiai wi sebi

ad e Kv e ad a p

accei aciai ageeme.

EU brokered historic accord between Serbia and Kosovo

Catherine Ashton between Serbian PM and hisKosovo counterpart


27/70


northsouth May 2013 2

A excep e deal aid a

sebia ad Kv ad ageed

blck eac e Eu accei.

Kv Pime Miie haim

taci, w led a geilla amy

i a igecy agai seb

ce i 1998-99, ld epe:

ti ageeme epee a ewea ... ti ageeme will elp

eal wd e pa, i we

ave e widm ad kwledge

impleme i i pacice.

ude e ageeme, e

Kv will be abbed i e

legal amewk e cy b

eai limied amy i aea

eal, edcai, plicig ad

c.

Implemeai will be eay,

i a egi bilig wi weap

ad ecaia aimiy.

I a ig pible eiace

cme, seb micipal lawmake

i e Kv demaded a

eeedm wee Kv

ld be pa sebia Belgade

ld accep e cdii e

dw by e Eu clic accei

alk.

te eic seb livig i

e Kv, p 50,000

peple i ad ad e divided

ciy Mivica, ave ejeced

e aiy e gveme

i Piia, e Kva capial.

tey ave ceaed -called paallel

iii, icldig pial ad

cl, all faced ad pped

m e sebia capial, Belgade.

te Belgade gveme

lly eded e Eu-bkeed

ageeme ad i lk e ele

gd e gig dipe

bewee Kv ad sebia.

te ageeme mak a emial

mme i e egi ecvey

m Yglavia bldy cllape,

we me 150,000 peple wee

killed i wa i Bia, Caia

ad Kv i e la decade e

20 cey.

sebia wa a ieaial

paia il gma slbda

Milevic wa ed i 2000.

Ae eigbig Caia ji

e Eu 1 Jly, acig sebia

i accei alk wld belaedly

elp dive em ad ceme

abiliy.

tg sebia ay i will eve

ecgie Kv a a veeigae, e deal eec a ea cage

i fcial plicy give a Belgade

wa cme em wi e

l i e pvice i

excage e ecmic b

cle ie wi e Eu.

seeped i iy ad my

seb, Kv bke away m

sebia i 1999, we nAto caied

11 week ai ike al

e killig ad expli eic

Albaia by sebia miliay ce

de Milevic wagig a bal

ce-igecy campaig.

Kv became a wad e

uied nai, b Belgade

eaied de ac cl ve e

e seb pcke. te paii

a eqely aed i vilece

ad aed nAto pe

cig back a cly peace ce

a ill mbe me 6,000

ldie.

13 yea ag, Kv wa a

cy a wa ally devaaed

wi ve a milli i ciize

dive away m ei me ad

ad peple miig, may

pke .

A dameal milee wa

acieved 19 ocbe 2012, we

e seb Pime Miie Ivica

Dacic ad i Kv cepa

haim taci me e f ime

dig a ei e Epea

ui-mediaed dialge. A ecd

meeig llwed 7 nvembe.

Kv declaed idepedece

m sebia i Febay 2008, b

sebia de ecgie i. Alm

100 cie, icldig e uied

sae ad 22 e 27 Eu cie,

ave ecgied Kv.

tei bewee eic seb

ad eic Albaia ave aed

p ve e yea, paiclaly i

e Kv wic a

a eic sebia majiy, like

e e Kv, wee eic

Albaia ae e majiy.

te iai i e

Kv emai agile, a

evideced by pblic eaci decii c ivlvig ig-

pfle wa cime deeda ve

e pa week, wic iglig

e eiiviy ad mae

ecciliai ad jice.

te un Ieim Admiiai

Mii i Kv (unMIK)

i lfllig i madae ad

wkig i cdiai wi

e ieaial gaiai

e gd, ad a bee able

peve ece ae-p m

akig place.

Eablied i 1999, unMIK i

madaed elp ee cdii

a peacel ad mal lie all

iabia Kv ad advace

egial abiliy i e wee

Balka. I bega i peai

we n Alaic teay

ogaiai (nAto) ce dve

Yglav p amid bldy

eic fgig bewee seb

ad Albaia, b i gave p i

admiiaive le we Kv

Albaia declaed idepedece.

te un, e Eu ad e

ieaial cmmiy pped

e dialge pce ad pvided

apppiae ece ad pliical

backig ecage aiable

ageeme bewee e cicig

paie.

I i clea w e Eu-bkeed

accd will be implemeed e

gd i e Kv, wee

adlie seb leade veemely

ejec ay aiy cmig m

Kv eic Albaia, ad

cide e egi a pa sebia.

neele, maliai

elai emai e limae key

e pge wad a laig

peace b sebia ad Kv.

aln Bown



Disputed islands Diaoyu in Chinese and the Senkaku in Japanese

Dangerous waters: China-Japan relations on the rock

te wld ecd ad idlage ecmie ae egagedi a ad ve e veeigy

fve ile ad ee ck i

e Ea Cia sea, kw a eDiay i Ciee ad e sekak

i Japaee, accdig a ep

pblied by e Ieaial

Cii Gp wic examie e

dage ad bewee e w

Aia cie ve e veeigy

e gp ilad.

tei eped i sepembe

2012 we Japa pcaed

ee diped ilad m ei

pivae we keep em m

e aiali gve tky.

I epe, Beijig implemeed

a eie meae icldig

e eablime velappig

admiiai i e diped

wae. B ide law eceme

agecie ad miliaie cely

peae i cle pximiy i

diped aval ad aeial pace.

ulike eig miiie, ee

ac ave le iiial

iee i caiig cie ad

ejy a imai mply

allwig em ape dmeic

pecepi. te w cie lack

e mal ad cmmicai

mecaim maage icide,

le ale dic iei

peaig pcl.

I e eve a kimi,

eigeed aialim, epecially

i Cia, cld cic e m

diplmaic maeve de-

ecalae e iai.

Cia aci eec a eacive

aeive acic ed pevily

i e s Cia sea, weeby i

expli peceived pvcai i

diped aea by e cie ake g cemeae

cage e a q i i av.

Iepeig e Japaee

gveme decii pcae

e ilad a a ilaeal cage

e a q, Cia implemeed

a eie pe-plaed aci wi

e gal cagig e ac e

gd. te m impa wa we

Beijig declaed eiial baelie

ad e ilad i sepembe,

iceaig e mbe ad

leg i law eceme pal

diecly callege Japa de ac

cl e aea.

May Ciee aegi peceive

Japa be a me empie

ciig a dwwad lide

wile Cia a i iig. F

em, e ime i ig epd

elely ad ake i gd wi

i eae eigb.

naialim make e veeigy

dipe i e Ea Cia sea a igly

explive ie Cia, me

a e s Cia sea. De

e bal Japaee ccpai

Cia i e 1930, eime ve

e a e Diay/sekak

Ilad deepe i e Ciee

pyce a ay e eiial

dipe i mde Ciee iy,

wi e excepi taiwa.

Beijig a yea explied

ai-Japa eime g

paiic edcai

campaig ad a

ed aialim

jiy aeive

aci.

B wile i e

pa i cld me

eaily dial p

dw aialim

g cl

ae- media,

e apid ie iee e a

eded a cl ad beg

ape e cex plicymaki

te gveme m w ai

iceaigly pke ad ciicciize.

Cmplemeay ecmic i

eeial b give Cia

piiied cmmime

ecmic gw ad Japa dei

ebild i agaed ecmy

ave pvided g iceive

keep i dipe m ecalaig i

amed cic, a ceai ei

ide wa. B depie expei

by b gveme a e

wi avid a wa, peial

ecalai a iceaed ad ee

deepeig peimim b id

ve e ppec a peace

eleme. te aegic mi

a caaceie elai

bee aggavaed by ei epeciv

dmeic iai. Wi

leade eig e e ci

miigai, a adii bac

cael diplmacy a diappeae

te elaive weake Cia

eig miiy cmplica

bilaeal elai ad peve

eecive cii maageme,

i i e fcial ad e

ly cael pe tky

Meawile, e Cia ad

Japa w adiially elpe

maage e elaiip ave bee

idelied. Wile ee i lile p

a eli e veeig

dipe i e ea e, tky

ad Beijig gely eed w

wad eabliig cmmicai

mecaim ad egei

cii miigai i de avid

lage cic.

F e ll ep vii: p

www.ciigp.g/~/media/File

aia/-ea-aia/245-dage

wae-cia-japa-elai-

e-ck.pd?m_ce=ci

japa-email&m_medim=3&m

campaig=m-email


29/70



UN-France-EU Mali security challenge

te un seciy Ccilaimly appved 25Apil e ceai a 12,600-g

peacekeepig ce i Mali aig

1 Jly, wic will be pped byFec p i eeded cmba

Ilami exemi ea i e

We Aica cy. Face,

aided by me 2,000 p m

Cad, bega a miliay eive

i Jaay dive Ilami

fge, w ad ijacked a

evl by Mali taeg ebel ad

eized w-id Mali. te un

peacekeepig ce, be kw a

MInusMA, will ame aiy

m a un-backed Aica ce

deplyed ee ake ve m

e Fec. M e Aica

ce, kw a AFIsMA, i likely

becme peacekeepe. te un

peacekeepig ce i Mali will be e

id lage, beid deplyme

i Demcaic repblic Cg

ad Da i sda, ad c p $800 milli aally.

Face a aed widawig

i 4,000-g ce ad pla

ave j 1,000 by e ed

e yea. Pai ad aid Mali

wa i dage becmig a

pigbad exemi aack

e egi ad e We. Fec

ce wld be able ievee

pp MInusMA we

peacekeepe ae de immie

ad ei ea ad p e

eqe e eceay-geeal,

accdig e un eli.

Mali apid dece i

iabiliy m wa eemed a

pmiig demcaic ajecy

a bee i e ew ice ebel

i e n ccpied a lage aea

a big a Face ad e iaiwa exacebaed e by a

miliay cp i Mac la yea

a diped ciial le.

tee m ae Face

laced a miliay eive

agai amed ebel i e We

Aica cy w wee pied

ve e capial Bamak,

ad 500 ic ad

pp a m 22 Eu ae ae

expeced ai Malia ldie

e ppe ceig

exemi w qickly vea

al e expaive cy la

yea llwig a miliay cp

EU soldier training Malian troops



22 Mac a made mae we

ad le a pliical ad miliay

vacm eaeig ly Mali

eciy ad abiliy b al a

eigbig ae.

te Epea ui (Eu) taiig

Mii a beg ebildig Mali

aced amy i ca deede cy agai e aack

by Ilami i e n we

Fec ce widaw i m

pvidig e eciy iai i

able ad e un ce ake ve i

a m aii.

Kw a e Epea ui

taiig Mii i Mali (EutM),

e gp i aked wi eig

miliay capaciy Malia

amy baali. te peai

iiial madae i e la 15

m, wi a eimaed c

12.3 milli e. I will be

ivlved i cmba peai.

Eveye i e Malia amy

i awae i weake, e

iii i eady em

iel wi e Eu elp, aid

Fec Bigadie Geeal Fai

Lecie, w ead EutM.

Geeal Lecie ed a e

EutM wld ave cmpleely

ebild a Malia amy a ad

cllaped ae yea beig

bbed ad iged. B e

EutM al appeaed ie

epeaig pa miake -- ably

e cmmied by e uied

sae.

Face, Mali me clial

le, c e ige mbe

ldie wii EutM. te 200-

p g Fec cige

iclde 48 iay ic,

90 ldie i cage EutM

peci ad e a wi

lgiical ad medical die. tey

aived a Fec cmba p

gadally aed pllig e

wa- cy la m.

Bii seceay Deece Pilip

hammd aid a 40-ma aiig

eam m e uied Kigdm

(uK) wa beig e a pa

EutM ai Malia i eig

de ad deyig ei a ae

ave i ei cy. te vile

igecy a ly diped

ei cy, b al pe a clea

ea aial iee ee

i e uK, hammd aid i a

aeme.

te Bii aiig eam wajied by ix peel m e

repblic Ielad Deece Fce,

i a miliay cpeai pjec

a ei Bii fce called a

iic ccai.

ofcial igliged e EutM

mliaial caace: swede

ad Liaia wee amg e

ic, Gema wld ai

a medical peel, Belgia

wld pil elicpe, wile

spaiad ad Czec wld elp

lfl e eciy deail, ey aid.

Epea fcial ii e

EutM madae i ee peace

ad e le law g

e Malia eiy, ad e

ecciliai bewee wa-

cmmiie.

Face aed widawig me

i 4,000 p a e ed

Apil, ad pla leave a pp

ce 1,000 ldie ae

eleci pmied Jly. Wi

Face aimig c i miliay

peece 1 000 ldie by yea-

ed ad e f 120 aived back

i Face la m.

hweve, aaly ea a

pepaai will be cmpleed

by Jly ad wa a a bced

eleci cld w e eed

e e ad -

cic i e ladlcked me

Fec cly.

I 2012, ebel eive pailly

exped a Malia amy a wa

depaid, bdeed wi dec

weap lack em ad

pied by divii. taeg

epaai wi a iimae

kwledge e cy dee

ad well-amed Mlim

jiadi gadally dve away

Mali amy m a egi gly

e ize Face.

Addig e ca, a am

capai, Amad saag, le

a Mac cp a pple

demcaically eleced peide

Amad tmai te. Like ma

ldie i Mali, me w

eve deeced e ebelli wivalable eqipme, sag a

eceived us amy aiig.

hweve, e kw exac

w may Malia ldie a

le, b eimae p e mb

ad 6,000 me.

ove e ex yea, EutM ay

i expec ai ab 3,00

Malia ldie i a dedicae

miliay academy lcaed ab

60 kilmee m e capia

Bamak. By i mme, e f

670 Malia Eu-aied-ldie

ae expeced be cmba-ead

ad will be deplyed e

Mali, wee Fec ad Cadia

p ae ill fgig pcke

eiace m Ilamic ige

allegedly liked e al-Qaeda

e Ilamic Mageb (AQIM) led b

Algeia ebel.

I i ep e seci

Ccil e iai i Ma

e un seceay-Geeal Ba K

m pped w pi u

egageme i e cy, we

eewed fgig ice Jaa

2012 a ped ded

ad peple ad pmpe

e Malia Gveme eqe

aiace m Face

e miliay advace exemi

gp. ude e f pi,

un mlidimeial iegae

pliical peece wld pea

algide AFIsMA, e Aica-le

Ieaial spp Mii

Mali, wic e Ccil aie

i Decembe, a e eqe

Bamak gveme, pp

aial e ecve e

m e ige.

te ecd pi ivlv

e eablime a u

mlidimeial iegae

abiliai mii de


31/70



Cape VII madae algide

a paallel ce. I addii a

pliical madae, e mii

wld cay eciy-elaed

abiliai ak, pec civilia

ad ceae e cdii

e pvii maiaia

aiace.ude i ecd pi, e

blk AFIsMA wld be e-aed

de i un abiliai mii.

M e miliay, plice ad

civilia cmpe wld peae

i e , wi a lig peece

i Bamak, ude-seceay-

Geeal Pliical Aai Jeey

Felma ld e seciy Ccil,

a e bieed e 15-membe bdy

M. Ba ppal.

Felma al ed a, de

eie pi, e un wld

maiai a g c e

pliical apec liked e

ceai iable cdii

eleci ad ecciliai. te

un a eed i pp e

ldig ee, ai, apae

ad cedible pll, wic ieim

Peide Dicda ta

ay e ied ld by 31 Jly

2013.

o e maiaia , e

un eped a wile acce

a impved i me pa e

cy, e iai emai

igly vlaile, paiclaly i

timbk ad Ga. Cely,

ealy 500,000 peple ae eimaed

ave ed ad g ege

eie i Malia cmmiie

i eigbig cie.

Al, wile abiay ac

vilece agai taeg ad Aab

ave ecely deceaed, ee

i ill a ik epial agai

membe ee cmmiie,

w ae alleged be aciaed

wi e amed gp.

Wyigly, i appea m

ep a ew pae ma

ig vilai ave emeged,

icldig ealiay aack baed

eiciy, aid Felma w

added a e m igifca

develpme i e pliical pce

emai e adpi i Jaay

a radmap e taii, wic

iglig w piiy ak

e aiial gveme: te

eai eiial iegiy

ad e gaiai ee ad

ai eleci.te radmap al pvide

em e amed ce

ad dialge wi gp w

ece eim ad adee

e iay ae Mali ad i

cii.

I a ceci, Felma ed

a e un ofce i Mali (unoM),

wic

Wa deplyed i Jaay, i

pvidig gd fce aimed a

aciliaig cac bewee e

Gveme ad e gp a

wi ake pa i e eac

a pliical li e cii.

I i ciical impace

ee e eciy impeaive de

deac m e pimacy

pliic i Mali, i b e ad

lg em. I addii aial

dialge, mliple dialge eed

ake place bewee ad wii

cmmiie ad bewee vai

ac, icldig e Malia amed

ce, e cclded.

All mliaial p will

c a mig eie

aack claimed by ige

ice Face laced i miliay

ievei agai al-Qaeda-

liked gp a ad eized

e Mali.

te Fec-led peai, wic

bega 11 Jaay, ced e

milia m ciie ey ad

eized 10 m i e caic

aema a Mac 2012 miliay

cp.

Fec p qickly dve

ige m m ei

e gld, b

igifca pcke eiace

emai i Ga, a well a i e

abled dee ciy timbk ad

e Iga mai. Fec

ad Aica ce ave aced

ciig icide bla ad

geilla aack i eclaimed

eiy. Aack wee claimed

by e Mveme oee ad

Jiad i We Aica (MuJAo),

e ee ebel gp a ad

eized e .

Aa Die (Deede eai) i ae gp a allied

emelve wi e taeg ebel

w pclaimed idepedece

e a Azawad wile e id

ad m dage Aqmi emai

e m leal ad pe ea

Mali ad e sael egi.

hded ad Malia

ave bee diplaced by e fgig

ad e emai vleable

geilla-yle ce aack,

depie e peece ad

Aica p de e AFIsMA

bae. ti i expeced becme

e backbe e 12.600-g

un peacekeepig mii.

te taeg ave ad a aw

deal m Mali, nige, Cad ad

Algeia. tey ave bee eekig

amy ei eiy wic

lie bewee e cie ad

e Malia gveme eeged

me ageeme i e pa.

taeg ebel emai i cl

Kidal, a key w ea e

bde wi Algeia, cmplicaig

e pliical pce. te MnLA

ay ey ae willig dp

ei claim idepedece

e Mali i e geae

egial amy.

tey ave a ejeced call

diam ad begi pliical

egiai ad ave acced

e Malia amy cayig

evege aack eic taeg.

A e plieai jiadi

ad ige gp eem

exacebae e iai I Mali ad

e sael egi, AQIM a ecely

laced a campaig g

n-We Aica eci ew

fge pe ew callege

e ieaial miliay calii

a a a difcl ak aead.

ali Bhijob



We i a ei a ei?We, example, e belg Mad? A a i wa

eablied a e tamaev be

wee epible e B

maa bmb ad wee Cece

Documents

North South Magazine.july.13