North Sea RAC

North Sea RACNorth Sea RAC

Socio-Economic Development Group Socio-Economic Development Group MeetingMeeting

Edinburg 15 April 2008Edinburg 15 April 2008

Presentation of EU IMAGE and MEFEPO Presentation of EU IMAGE and MEFEPO projectsprojects

byby

Sten Sverdrup-Jensen, IFMSten Sverdrup-Jensen, IFM

IMAGEIMAGEIndicators for Fisheries Indicators for Fisheries MAnaGement in EuropeMAnaGement in Europe

Funding:EU 6th FPFunding:EU 6th FP Duration: Nov 2006 – October 2009Duration: Nov 2006 – October 2009 Partners: IMARES (lead), CEFAS, Partners: IMARES (lead), CEFAS,

IFREmer,DIFRES, COISPA, EMI, IFMIFREmer,DIFRES, COISPA, EMI, IFM

IMAGE Objectives:IMAGE Objectives:

Develop an operational framework of candidate Develop an operational framework of candidate indicators to support Ecosystem Based Fisheries indicators to support Ecosystem Based Fisheries ManagementManagement

Elaborate indicators into comprehensive Elaborate indicators into comprehensive dashboards to support management decision dashboards to support management decision makingmaking

Develop methodology to integrate this information Develop methodology to integrate this information into tools suppporting the decision making processinto tools suppporting the decision making process

Develop a framework that can evaluate Develop a framework that can evaluate management strategies based on indicatorsmanagement strategies based on indicators

Test their applicability in regional case studies (in Test their applicability in regional case studies (in consultation with the RACs)consultation with the RACs)

IMAGE workpackages:IMAGE workpackages:

1.1. Design operational frameworkDesign operational framework2.2. Using ecological indicators in contxtUsing ecological indicators in contxt3.3. Selection of indicators for socio-economic Selection of indicators for socio-economic

objectivesobjectives4.4. Tools for decision supportTools for decision support5.5. Management strategy evaluation modelManagement strategy evaluation model6.6. Case studies (Baltic Sea, Celtic Sea/Bay Case studies (Baltic Sea, Celtic Sea/Bay

of Biscay,Mediterranean Sea, North Seaof Biscay,Mediterranean Sea, North Sea7.7. Pan European synthesisPan European synthesis

IMAGE Work Package 3:IMAGE Work Package 3:Selection of indicators for socio-economic Selection of indicators for socio-economic

objectivesobjectives

To develop an operational framework of socio-To develop an operational framework of socio-economic indicators to support ecosystem-based economic indicators to support ecosystem-based fisheries management in RAC regions;fisheries management in RAC regions;

To identify shortcomings in availability of indicator To identify shortcomings in availability of indicator data at the required scale and recommend on data at the required scale and recommend on measures to provide such data;measures to provide such data;

To contribute to the development of an evaluation To contribute to the development of an evaluation framework for fisheries management strategies framework for fisheries management strategies based on indicators;based on indicators;

To advise on how indicators can be implemented in To advise on how indicators can be implemented in the NSRAC area.the NSRAC area.

WP 3 ActionsWP 3 Actions

1. 1. Develop a detailed “fisheries system” framework that specifies Develop a detailed “fisheries system” framework that specifies economic, social and other human “drivers” and how they combine in economic, social and other human “drivers” and how they combine in to/determine fishing practice (pressure) in various metiers and to/determine fishing practice (pressure) in various metiers and institutional settings institutional settings

2. Specify how fishing practice (pressure) translates into landings and 2. Specify how fishing practice (pressure) translates into landings and discards and identify indicators that can inform on 1) socio-economic discards and identify indicators that can inform on 1) socio-economic pressure drivers, 2) management responses, and 3) state (metier/sector pressure drivers, 2) management responses, and 3) state (metier/sector performance relative to CFP socio-economic objective: performance relative to CFP socio-economic objective: “To develop a “To develop a viable, efficient, globally competitive fisheries and aquaculture viable, efficient, globally competitive fisheries and aquaculture industry”.industry”.

3. Identify data needs and availability3. Identify data needs and availability

4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and 4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and North Sea RACNorth Sea RAC

5. Contribute to pan-European synthesis5. Contribute to pan-European synthesis

WP 3 ActionsWP 3 Actions1. 1. Develop a detailed “fisheries system” framework that specifies Develop a detailed “fisheries system” framework that specifies economic, social and other human “drivers” and how they combine in economic, social and other human “drivers” and how they combine in to/determine fishing practice (pressure) in various metiers and to/determine fishing practice (pressure) in various metiers and institutional settingsinstitutional settings

2. Specify how fishing practice (pressure) translates into landings and 2. Specify how fishing practice (pressure) translates into landings and discards and identify indicators that can inform on 1) socio-economic discards and identify indicators that can inform on 1) socio-economic pressure drivers, 2) management responses, and 3) state (metier/sector pressure drivers, 2) management responses, and 3) state (metier/sector performance relative to CFP socio-economic objective: performance relative to CFP socio-economic objective: “To develop a “To develop a viable, efficient, globally competitive fisheries and aquaculture industry”.viable, efficient, globally competitive fisheries and aquaculture industry”.


4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and 4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and North Sea RACNorth Sea RAC


Biologicalcomponent

Economiccomponent

Exploitable stockbiomass

Yield

Fishing mortalityrate

Fishing effort

Variable costs Price

RevenueMarket

catch of other speciesseasonal factorsprice of other foodsincomes

Fleet sizeand structure

Costs

Fixed costs

Rent

Environmentavariablesl

variables

Environmentalvariables

variables

Environmentalvariables

Recruits

Recruitment rate reproductionegg survivalpre-recruit survival

Natural motalityrate

Predators

Growth rate

Competition

for food

Socio-economic systemSocio-economic system

WP 3 ActionsWP 3 Actions1. 1. Develop a detailed “fisheries system” framework that specifies economic, Develop a detailed “fisheries system” framework that specifies economic, social and other human “drivers” and how they combine in to/determine fishing social and other human “drivers” and how they combine in to/determine fishing practice (pressure) in various metiers and institutional settings practice (pressure) in various metiers and institutional settings

2. Specify how fishing practice (pressure) translates into landings and discards 2. Specify how fishing practice (pressure) translates into landings and discards and identify indicators that can inform on 1) socio-economic pressure drivers, 2) and identify indicators that can inform on 1) socio-economic pressure drivers, 2) management responses, and 3) state (metier/sector performance relative to CFP management responses, and 3) state (metier/sector performance relative to CFP socio-economic objective: socio-economic objective: “To develop a viable, efficient, globally competitive “To develop a viable, efficient, globally competitive fisheries and aquaculture industry”.fisheries and aquaculture industry”.


4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and North Sea 4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and North Sea RACRAC


CFP objectives:CFP objectives:

LEVEL 1:LEVEL 1:““Precautionary approach shall be applied in taking Precautionary approach shall be applied in taking measures designed to protect and conserve living measures designed to protect and conserve living aquatic resources, to provide for their sustainable aquatic resources, to provide for their sustainable exploitation and to minimise the impact of fishing exploitation and to minimise the impact of fishing activities on marine eco-systems. It shall aim at a activities on marine eco-systems. It shall aim at a progressive implementation of an eco-system progressive implementation of an eco-system based approach to fisheries management. It shall based approach to fisheries management. It shall aim to contribute to efficient fishing activities aim to contribute to efficient fishing activities within an economically viable and competitive within an economically viable and competitive fisheries and aquaculture industry, providing a fair fisheries and aquaculture industry, providing a fair standard of living for those who depend on fishing standard of living for those who depend on fishing activities and taking into account the interests of activities and taking into account the interests of consumers”consumers”

CFP objectives:CFP objectives:

LEVEL 2: EU operational objectives:LEVEL 2: EU operational objectives: 1. “To maintain fishing mortality at or below 1. “To maintain fishing mortality at or below

levels that are necessary to achieve levels that are necessary to achieve maximum sustainable yield1 for all targeted maximum sustainable yield1 for all targeted stocks”stocks”

2. “To maintain or reduce fishing impact on 2. “To maintain or reduce fishing impact on the eco-system at or below sustainable the eco-system at or below sustainable levels”clevels”c

3. “To develop a viable, economically efficient 3. “To develop a viable, economically efficient and globally competitive European fisheries and globally competitive European fisheries and aquaculture industry”and aquaculture industry”

LEVEL 3: RAC operational objectives: ?????LEVEL 3: RAC operational objectives: ?????

Economic viability and efficiency Economic viability and efficiency indicatorsindicators

DCR (1639/2001) minimum programme DCR (1639/2001) minimum programme (Extended programme includes greater level of detail (e.g. (Extended programme includes greater level of detail (e.g.

regional differentiation )regional differentiation )

FISHING ENTERPRISES:FISHING ENTERPRISES:

IncomeIncome Production costsProduction costs Fixed costsFixed costs Financial positionFinancial position InvestmentInvestment Prices per speciesPrices per species EmploymentEmployment

PROCESSING INDUSTRY:PROCESSING INDUSTRY:

Raw material volumeRaw material volume IncomeIncome Production costsProduction costs Financial positionFinancial position InvestmentInvestment Product valuesProduct values EmploymentEmployment Capacity utilizationCapacity utilization

Fleet short term performanceFleet short term performance ((““Economic Economic Performance of Selected European Fishing Fleets, Performance of Selected European Fishing Fleets, Annual Report 2005”.Annual Report 2005”.

Range Classification Symbol Comments Stp >= 105% Improvement + Gross cash flow of actual year

exceeds the previous years by more than 5%.

95%<=stp<105% Stability +/- Gross cash flow of actual yearis within +/- 5% of previous years

Stp < 95% Deterioration - Gross cash flow of actual year is more than 5% below previous years

Fleet medium term Fleet medium term

performanceperformance Range Classification Symbol Comments Mti >=105% Strong ++ Enterprises have no problems

in meeting all their financial obligations

95% <= mti <105% Reasonable + All costs are more or less covered at low level of profits or losses

85% <= mti < 95% Weak - Minor losses lead to deterioration of solvability

Mti < 85% Very weak -- Losses, probably also in fiscal terms, have been incurred in previous years. The commitment of financial institutions to support the enterprise may be gradually eroded

Medium and short term performance of Medium and short term performance of 89 EU fishing fleet segments (metiers?) 89 EU fishing fleet segments (metiers?)

in 2004 in 2004 Medium term * Short term

Deterioration (-) Stable (+/-)

Improvement (+) Not available Total

Very weak (--) 19 2 21

Weak (-) 5 1 1 7 Reasonable (+) 7 1 3 11

Strong (++) 21 5 8 34

Not available 1 15 16

Total 52 8 14 15 89 * average 2001-2003

Performance indicators of the EU fishing Performance indicators of the EU fishing

fleet by sea area in 2004.fleet by sea area in 2004.

North Sea fishing fleet, short and medium term North Sea fishing fleet, short and medium term performanceperformance

(number of segments and value of landings), 2004(number of segments and value of landings), 2004

Social and cultural viability indicatorsSocial and cultural viability indicators

Industry indicators:Industry indicators:- profitability of economic sectors- profitability of economic sectors- fisheries-related activity (no. of businesses, - fisheries-related activity (no. of businesses, employm.)employm.)- economic importance of sectors- economic importance of sectors

Community indicators:Community indicators:- population (size, diversity, opportunities)- population (size, diversity, opportunities)- social well-being (satisfaction, identity)- social well-being (satisfaction, identity)

Institutional arrangement indicators:Institutional arrangement indicators:- social policy (advice, support, funds)- social policy (advice, support, funds)- fisheries governance (participation, understanding - fisheries governance (participation, understanding etc.)etc.)

Global competitiveness Global competitiveness

Indicators:Indicators: Absense of subsidies at EU/national Absense of subsidies at EU/national

levels (fuel and other inputs, fish prices)levels (fuel and other inputs, fish prices) Absense of EU tariffs and duties on Absense of EU tariffs and duties on

imported fish productsimported fish products Absense of technical measures that Absense of technical measures that

hamper international trade in fish hamper international trade in fish productsproducts


1.1. Develop a detailed “fisheries system” framework that specifies Develop a detailed “fisheries system” framework that specifies economic, social and other human “drivers” and how they combine in economic, social and other human “drivers” and how they combine in to/determine fishing practice (pressure) in various metiers and institutional to/determine fishing practice (pressure) in various metiers and institutional settings settings

2. Specify how fishing practice (pressure) translates into landings and discards 2. Specify how fishing practice (pressure) translates into landings and discards and identify indicators that can inform on 1) socio-economic pressure drivers, 2) and identify indicators that can inform on 1) socio-economic pressure drivers, 2) management responses, and 3) state (metier/sector performance relative to CFP management responses, and 3) state (metier/sector performance relative to CFP socio-economic objective: socio-economic objective: “To develop a viable, efficient, globally competitive “To develop a viable, efficient, globally competitive fisheries and aquaculture industry”.fisheries and aquaculture industry”.


4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and North Sea 4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and North Sea RACRAC


Social and cultural viability performance Social and cultural viability performance indicatorsindicators

Socio-economic data frameSocio-economic data frame Fishing community profiles (baseline data)Fishing community profiles (baseline data) Data collection (revised DCR + soft data)Data collection (revised DCR + soft data)

Recent work completed:Recent work completed:1) North Sea Women’s Network, 1) North Sea Women’s Network, Dataframe projectDataframe project2) DG Fish SIA Study ”Profiles of Baltic 2) DG Fish SIA Study ”Profiles of Baltic Fishing Communities” Fishing Communities”

Indicator data discussion Indicator data discussion sources:sources:

DCR-Data Collection Review (Huntington et al. 2003); DCR-Data Collection Review (Huntington et al. 2003); STECF-SGRN DCR Review, 2006STECF-SGRN DCR Review, 2006 ESPON Action 2.1.5: Territorial Impacts of European Fisheris ESPON Action 2.1.5: Territorial Impacts of European Fisheris

Policy, Final Report (2006);Policy, Final Report (2006); INDECO WP6: INDECO WP6: Recommendations and Gaps for Uses of Recommendations and Gaps for Uses of

Socio-Economic Indicators on the Environmental Impact of Socio-Economic Indicators on the Environmental Impact of Fishing Activities (D18);Fishing Activities (D18);

NSRAC SEFG: A Social Assessment Framework for Fisheries NSRAC SEFG: A Social Assessment Framework for Fisheries building on Scoping Study (2006);building on Scoping Study (2006);

North Sea Women’s Network: Developing a Socio-Economic North Sea Women’s Network: Developing a Socio-Economic Dataframe (2007)Dataframe (2007)

DG Fish, Socio-Economic Analysis Unit "Framework for DG Fish, Socio-Economic Analysis Unit "Framework for analyzing social and economic impacts of management analyzing social and economic impacts of management proposals“ (2007);proposals“ (2007);

DG Fish SIA study (2007)DG Fish SIA study (2007) Hatcher, Holmyard, and Hoof: A Social Assessment Hatcher, Holmyard, and Hoof: A Social Assessment

Framework for Fisheries (2006).Framework for Fisheries (2006).

An institutional framework for designing and monitoring ecosystem-An institutional framework for designing and monitoring ecosystem-based fisheries policy experimentsbased fisheries policy experiments

(Murray Rudd, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ecol. Econ.cs 2003) (Murray Rudd, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ecol. Econ.cs 2003)


4. Develop and test indicator framework with 4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and North Sea RACresearch partners and North Sea RAC


4. Develop and test indicator framework with 4. Develop and test indicator framework with research partners and North Sea RACresearch partners and North Sea RAC

Collaboration with NS RAC Socio-Economic Development Collaboration with NS RAC Socio-Economic Development Group: Socio-Economic Data Frame building on Scoping Group: Socio-Economic Data Frame building on Scoping Study (2006) and Case Studies (2007);Study (2006) and Case Studies (2007);

Discussion with NS RAC (ExCom members and others) on Discussion with NS RAC (ExCom members and others) on socio-economic management objectives at RAC levelsocio-economic management objectives at RAC level

Draw on experiences from Socio-economic Impact Analysis Draw on experiences from Socio-economic Impact Analysis

projects:projects:

- NS Plaice and Sole Management Plan?- NS Plaice and Sole Management Plan?

- Other?- Other?

MEFEPOMEFEPOMaking the European Fisheries

Ecosystem Plan Operational

Troels J. Hegland, Jesper Raakjær and Sten Sverdrup-JensenInnovative Fisheries Management, Aalborg University

EU 7th Research Framework ProgrammeKBBE-2007-1-4-19: Governance for an operationalregional ecosystem approach to fisheries management

Project runs from spring 2008 to spring 2011Total budget around 4 million €

Partners:University of Liverpool (coordinator), UK Instituto de Investigação das Pescas e do Mar, PortugalInstitute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, NetherlandsUniversité de Bretagne Occidentale, FranceMarine Institute, IrelandUniversity of Tromsø, NorwayCentre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, UKInnovative Fisheries Management, DenmarkUniversidade dos Açores, PortugalInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Spain

BackgroundBackground The FP5-funded European Fisheries Ecosystem Plan

(EFEP) project developed a Fisheries Ecosystem Plan (FEP) for European waters, using the North Sea as a case study.

EFEP incorporated social and political sciences, marine ecology, fisheries science and mathematical modelling to identify the effects of fisheries management scenarios (including changes in effort, changes in gear types and spatial closures) on the ecosystem, and their acceptability to a broad range of marine stakeholders including fishers, fish processors, managers, policy makers, scientists and environmentalists.

EFEP also developed a step-wise framework for the transition of management from the current regime to an ecosystem approach, and an outline of how the FEP could be made operational within existing legislation.

MEFEPO objectivesMEFEPO objectives To show how an ecosystem approach to fisheries can be made

operational within three major European regions (North Sea, North Western Waters and the South Western Waters RAC regions) by identifying the management objectives, and the operational strategies required to achieve those objectives, using economic, social and ecological approaches.

To evaluate the different modes of fisheries governance, and their combinations, and their implications on the development of the institutional frameworks used to manage the fisheries to provide a transitional framework towards a mature ecosystem approach to fisheries management.

To develop operational FEPs for the three marine regions targeted at an audience of non-scientists with managerial, policy and RAC roles, and which provides a vision of an mature ecosystem approach and a description of how it can be delivered.

MEFEPOMEFEPO planplan

IFM involvement IFM involvement WP 3: WP 3: Operational instruments and adaptive Operational instruments and adaptive

management management WP 4: Institutional frameworks in the WP 4: Institutional frameworks in the

European Union and Associated CountriesEuropean Union and Associated Countries WP 6: WP 6: Identify the operational challenges to Identify the operational challenges to

introducing an ecosystem approach to the introducing an ecosystem approach to the fisheriesfisheries

WP 7: WP 7: Develop operational Fisheries Develop operational Fisheries Ecosystem Plans for the (a) North Sea, (b) Ecosystem Plans for the (a) North Sea, (b) North Western Waters and (c) South North Western Waters and (c) South Western Waters regionsWestern Waters regions

Thank youThank you

Documents

North Sea RAC