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North America: The Human Landscape
Current News and Weather Finish Slides Environmental Issues Population and Settlement Cultural Coherence and Diversity Economic and Social Development For Next Class: Unnatural Causes Background
at www.unnaturalcauses.org
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xc4ixx_weatherman-freaking-out-over-dc-sno_shortfilms
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Human Modification: Environmental Issues
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
U.S. Energy Consumption
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
• Uneven pattern of distribution
• Megalopolis• Census data
Modern Spatial and Demographic Patterns
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Population and Settlement
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Urban Skylines
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
• European settlement expansion– 1st Stage
(1600–1750)– 2nd Stage
(1750–1850)– 3rd Stage
(1850–1910)
Population: Historic Patterns
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
9•
European S
ettlement
Expansion
–1st S
tage (1600–1750)
–2n
d S
tage (1750–1850)
–3rd
Stage (1850–1910)
Figure 3.13
Population: Historic Patterns
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
10
•W
estward M
igration
•A
frican-Am
erican Migration
from the S
outh
•R
ural-to-Urban M
igration
•M
igration to the Sunbelt
South
•N
onmetropolitan G
rowth
Figure 3.14
North Americans on the Move
Amenity Migration
• What is amenity migration and what are the push and pull factors?
• Amenity Migration: Process of people moving to areas due to actual or perceived higher environmental quality
• Push Factors: Urban environments (traffic, density, stress, pollution, limited recreation, etc.)
• Pull Factors: Recreational opportunities (skiing, biking, kayaking), open space, rural lifestyle, public land, etc.
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18
•A
merican C
ity Grow
th–
Changing T
ransportation Technologies
–U
rban Decentralization
Figure 3.16
Historical Evolution of the City
• Stage I – Walking-Horsecar Era– Pedestrian city characterized by
compactness
• Stage II – Electric Streetcar Era– Streetcar suburbs developed as the 30-
minute travel radius expanded greatly– Helped to differentiate space in older core
city
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20
Figure 3.16
• Stage III – Recreational Automobile Era– Automobiles and highways significantly
improved the accessibility of the outer metropolitan ring
– Mass wave of suburbanization resulted– Residential space became even more
partitioned by class and race
• Stage IV – Freeway Era– High speed expressways further extended
the 30-minute travel radius
Suburbanization
• A significant product of this Freeway Era has been suburbanization and the associated suburban sprawl that characterizes many landscapes across the country.
Gentrification
• Displacement of lower income residents of central-city neighborhoods with higher income residents
• Rehabilitation of deteriorated inner-city landscapes• Construction of new shopping complexes and/or
entertainment complexes
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24
•G
entrification
•N
ew
Urbani
sm
Figure 3.18
Pittsburgh’s SouthSide Works neighborhood is evidence of an urban renaissance on the site of an old steel plant
Settlement Geographies: Urban
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25
•U
rban P
eriphery
Figure 3.19
Suburban development in Douglas County, CO, miles south of Denver’s Central Business District
Settlement Geographies: Suburban
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
26•
Repeating geom
etric patterns are a hallm
ark of rural N
orth Am
erican landscapes–
Township and R
ange “stam
p” in Iowa
Figure 3.20
Settlement Geographies: Rural
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
27 Figure 3.21
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
• Globally dominant and diverse culture
• Close ties to Anglo roots
• Ethnic groups• Cultural
assimilation
Cultural Coherence and Diversity
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Dominant geographies
U.S. Hispanic and Asian Populations
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30
Geopolitical Issues
Figure 3.31
Challenges to Federalism:
– Quebec Secession
– Native Land Claims
Politics of Immigration
