North AfricaNorth AfricaChapter #21Chapter #21

I. Natural EnvironmentsI. Natural Environments

A) Landforms?A) Landforms?– Sahara Desert?Sahara Desert?

Natural barrierNatural barrier

– Erg?Erg?– Reg? Reg? – Depressions?Depressions?

Qattara Depression?Qattara Depression?

– Wadis? Wadis? – Nile River?Nile River?

The Nile & its annual floodingThe Nile & its annual flooding

B. ClimatesB. Climates

Climates?Climates?– 3 reasons why? 3 reasons why? – Harmattan winds?Harmattan winds?

C. Natural ResourcesC. Natural Resources

Most valuable resources? (2)Most valuable resources? (2)– Country w/the most?Country w/the most?

Agriculture?Agriculture?– Where & how? Where & how?

The Aswan High DamThe Aswan High Dam

Pros:Pros:– Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity – Controls floodingControls flooding– Water for ag. Water for ag.

Lake NasserLake Nasser

Cons:Cons:– Cuts flow of siltCuts flow of silt

Impacts? (2)Impacts? (2)

II. History & CultureII. History & Culture

A) HistoryA) History– Where did people settle? Where did people settle? – Silt? Silt?

Ancient Egypt:Ancient Egypt:– Pharaohs?Pharaohs?– Hieroglyphs? Hieroglyphs? – Dependence on Nile? Dependence on Nile?

Sequent OccupanceSequent Occupance

Phoenicians? Phoenicians?

Alexander the Great?Alexander the Great?

Romans? Romans?

Vandals?Vandals?

Byzantine?Byzantine?

Islamic influence? Islamic influence?

B. Western Imperialism of AfricaB. Western Imperialism of Africa

France (1830s)?France (1830s)?

Great Britain (1882)?Great Britain (1882)?– Berlin Conference (1884-85)Berlin Conference (1884-85)

Italy (1912)?Italy (1912)?

Independence? Independence? The Maghreb

C. CultureC. Culture

Religion?Religion?

Berbers?Berbers?

Clothing?Clothing?

Language? Language?

Region w/highest population density? Why?Region w/highest population density? Why?

What about in Egypt?What about in Egypt?– Capital? Capital?

D. The MedinaD. The Medina

The medina? The medina? A medina in Fez, Morocco

III. The Region TodayIII. The Region Today

A) Economic Activities:A) Economic Activities:

Free port? Free port?

Importance of oil? Importance of oil?

Fellahin?Fellahin?– Egyptian cotton Egyptian cotton

Ag. in Libya?Ag. in Libya?– Great Manmade River Project?Great Manmade River Project?

Other economic activity? Other economic activity?

B. Urban EnvironmentsB. Urban Environments

Largest Cities? Largest Cities? – Conditions?Conditions?– Cairo?Cairo?

C. Issues & ChallengesC. Issues & Challenges

U.S. & Muammar al Qaddafi? U.S. & Muammar al Qaddafi? – Italian control WWIIItalian control WWII– U.S. installed monarchyU.S. installed monarchy

U.S. & U.K. military basesU.S. & U.K. military bases

– Oil = discovered 1959Oil = discovered 1959– 1969: revolution led by Qaddafi 1969: revolution led by Qaddafi (Islamic Fundamentalist)(Islamic Fundamentalist)

– Hate towards the West? Hate towards the West?

1988: 1988: Libyan bombing of Pan Am Flight 103Libyan bombing of Pan Am Flight 103– Lockerbie, ScotlandLockerbie, Scotland– 270 dead270 dead

PLO & IRA affiliationsPLO & IRA affiliations

1992: economic sanctions imposed by West 1992: economic sanctions imposed by West

1999: Qaddafi tried to improve relations w/West1999: Qaddafi tried to improve relations w/West

2003: Libyan govt. paid $2.7 bill. to families 2003: Libyan govt. paid $2.7 bill. to families

Recent Revolutions in North AfricaRecent Revolutions in North Africa

Causes: Young, educated people want Causes: Young, educated people want economic & political equality & rightseconomic & political equality & rights

Tunisia (Dec. 2010 – Jan. 2011)Tunisia (Dec. 2010 – Jan. 2011)– President resigned after 23 years of reignPresident resigned after 23 years of reign

Egypt (Jan. 2011 – present) Egypt (Jan. 2011 – present) – President resigned after 30 years of reignPresident resigned after 30 years of reign– Democratic elections this summer!Democratic elections this summer!

Libya’s Civil War (Feb. 2011 – present) Libya’s Civil War (Feb. 2011 – present) – World’s longest serving leader = 42 years! World’s longest serving leader = 42 years!