Normawaty Mohammad-Noor, Siti Nor Rahaida Harun, Asilah Al-Has Abdul Latif, Najma Tasnim Mohamad and Shahbudin

Saad

Institute Oceanography and Maritime Studies, Kulliyyah of Science,International

Islamic University Malaysia

Introduction

blooms -millions of cells per litre

discolour the water surface

yellow, brown, red, green

Blue green

Dinoflagellates

Dinoflagellates

To identify phytoplankton of coastal water of

Tioman Island based in light and electron

microscopy

To determine phytoplankton cell abundance and

cell diversity

Date: 25-31 August 2012

Sampling stations : 16

Method: plankton net and

integrated samples

Phytoplankton

Identified – light and SEM

Counting cell using sedgwick

rafter cell

• Cell abundance

• Cell diversity (program PAST)

Other parameters such as nutrients (nitrate,

phosphate, silicate), ph, DO, temparature

and salinity were determined/recorded at

each station

121 species of phytoplankyton were

identified (Table 1)

Diatoms -105 species

Dinoflagellates -14 species

Cyanobacteria -2 species

Please refer to poster entitled

‘Phytoplankton of Tioman Island’ to see the

photos of common phytoplankton.

Species division Species name

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)

Biddulphiales

Biddu

lphiineae

ChaetocerotaceaeRalfs in Prichard 1861

Bacteriastrum comosum

Bacteriastrum delicatulum

Bacteriastrum hyalinum

Bacteriastrum varians

Chaetoceros aequatorialis

Chaetoceros affinis

Chaetoceros compressum

Chaetoceros constrictum

Chaetoceros curvisetus

Chaetoceros danicus

Chaetoceros decipiens

Chaetoceros distans

Chaetoceros furcellatus

Chaetoceros laciniosum

Chaetoceros laeve

Chaetoceros lauderii

Chaetoceros lorenzianum

Chaetoceros paradoxum

Chaetoceros peruvianus

Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetum

Chaetoceros radians

Chaetoceros similis

Chaetoceros sp.

EupodiscaceaeKutzing 1849

Odontella sinensis

Odontellamobilensis

HemiaulaceaeJouse, Kisselev&Poretsky 1949

Cerataulinabicornis

Cerataulinapelagica

Eucampiacornuta

Eucampiazodiacusf. zodiacus

Hemialushauckii

Hemialusindicus

Hemialusmembranaceus

Hemialus sinensis

Pseudoguinardia recta

LithodesmiaceaePeragallo 1897-1908 emend. Simonsen 1979

Ditylumbrightwellii

Coscinodiscineae Asterolampraceae H.L. Smith 1872 emend. Gombos 1980

Asteromphaluscleveanus

CoscinodiscaceaeKutzing 1844

Coscinodiscusconcinnus

Coscinodiscusexcentricus

Coscinodiscusgigas

Coscinodiscuslineatus

Coscinodiscus sp.

Coscinodiscussubtilis

LeptocylindraceaeLebour 1930

Corethroncriophilum

Leptocylindrusdanicus

Leptocylindrusminimus

ThalassiosiraceaeLebour 1930 emend. Hasle 1973

Lauderiaannulata

Skeletonemamenzellii

Skeletonemacostatum

Rhizosoleniineae Rhizosoleniaceae De Toni 1863

Dactyliosolenantarticus

Dactyliosolenfragilissimus

Dactyliosolenphuketensis

Guinardiacylindrus

Guinardiadelicatula

Guinardiaflaccida

Guinardiastriata

Pseudosoleniacalcar-avis

Probosciaalata

Probosciatruncata

Rhizosoleniaarafurensis

Rhizosoleniabergonii

Rhizosoleniacrassa

Rhizosoleniacurvata

Rhizosoleniadebyana

Rhizosoleniaformosa

Rhizosoleniahebetataf. semispina

Rhizosolenia hebetate f. hebetata

Rhizosoleniahyaline

Rhizosoleniaimbricata

Rhizosoleniasetigera

Rhizosoleniastolterforthii

Rhizosoleniastriata

Rhizosoleniastyliformis

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)

Bacillariales

Bacillariineae Bacillariaceae Ehrenberg 1831

Bacillariaparadoxa

Nitzschiaclosterium

Nitzschialongissima

Pseudo-nitzschiasp

NaviculaceaeKutzing 1844

Diploneisdidyma

Diploneissmithii

Ephemera planamembranacea

Hasleatrompii

Hasleawawrikae

Membraneis challengeri

Meunieramembranacea

Naviculaelongatulum

Naviculadistans

Naviculaglacialis

Naviculapelagi

Naviculatransitransf. delicatula

Pinnulariaacuminata

Pinnulariabogotensis

Pleurosigmaelongatum

Pleurosigmanaviculaceum

Pleurosigmanormanii

Pleurosigmasalinarum

Fragilariineae Thalassionemataceae F.E. Round in Round et al., 1990

Liolomaelongatum

Liolomapacificum

Thalassionemabacillare

Thalassionemajavanicum

Thalassionemanitzschioides

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta)

Cymbellales Gomphonemataceaen

Gomphonemaparvulum

Dinoflagellates (Dinophyta)

Dinophysiales Dinophysiaceae

Dinophysis caudata

Gonyaulacales Ceratiaceae Lindemann 1928

Ceratium declinatum

Ceratium furca

Ceratium fusus

Ceratium trichoceros

Ceratium tripos

Goniodomataceae

Alexandrium sp.

Schuetiella mitra

Noctilucales Noctilucaceae Kent 1881

Noctiluca scintillans

Peridiniales Oxyphysaceae

Oxytoxum sp.

Protoperidiniaceae F.J.R. Taylor 1987

Protoperidiniumpellucidum

Protoperidiniumsp.

Prorocentrales Prorocentraceae Stein 1883

Prorocentrum sigmoides

Prorocentrum sp.

Cyanobacteria

Nostocales Nostocaceae

Anabaena sp.

Phormidiaceae

Trichodesmiumsp.

A total of 121 species of phytoplankton have been identified

Salleh et al. (2005) have reported 106 species of phytoplankton from

29 genera and in coastal area of Bachok, Kelantan

1. Alexandrium sp

2. P. sigmoides

3.Dinophysis caudata

3.Ceratium furca

4.C. fusus

5.C. tripos

6. Noctiluca scintillans

7. Chaetoceros spp

8.Skeletonema costatum

Ceratium furca

In Peninsular Malaysia HAB has been reported to cause by a few

Alexandrium species, Ceratium furca and Prorocentrum minimum (Usup

et al. 2002,2003).

Coscinosdiscus

Skeletonema

Ceratium Chaetoceros

Eucampia

Rhizosolenia

Chaetoceros

Thalassiosira

Bacteriastrum

Ditylum

Odontella

Stations

Cells/

L

Preliminary results showed that phytoplankton cells were positively correlated

with nitrate

nitrate phosphate

7.8 x 103 cells/L

H’ ranged between

3.0 to 3.3

Physico-chemical parameters within the

normal range

DO Salinity Temperature pH

Units mg/l psu ºC

Average 6.92±0.66 33.54±0.12 27.78±0.42 8.34±0.03

121 species – high diversity

Potential HAB species – may have problem from these species

baseline information for any relevant agencies in managing land based activities within the area.

More studies on cell abundance to understand the distribution of phytoplankton

• attach to substrates - macrophyte, corals, sediment, shell

or benthic invertebrates

• produce toxins – harm humans and other invertebrates

• 2 genera have been given attention : Ostreopsis and

Gambierdiscus

GEOHAB CORE RESEARCH

PROJECT:

HABs IN BENTHIC SYSTEMS

Staffs students of INOCEM, IIUM for field

assistance

Marine Park Malaysia for financial support

and boat rental

Grant EDW B from IIUM

Grant Escience awarded to Dr. Shahbudin

Saad