Normal Lung Tissue

Name some diseases that affect the respiratory system:

• Asthma• Bronchitis• Lung cancer• COPD• Emphysema• Pneumonia• Pleuritis• Common cold• Allergies

Common Infections of the lungsCommon Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:

Common Infections of the lungsCommon Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:

1. Colds – caused by viruses

– symptoms may include a mild fever, cough, headache, runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat

Common Infections of the lungsCommon Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:

2. Laryngitis

– is an inflammation of your voice box (larynx) due to overuse, irritation or infection.

– Normally your vocal cords open and close smoothly, forming sounds through their movement and vibration.

– But in laryngitis, your vocal cords become inflamed or irritated. This swelling causes distortion of the sounds produced by air passing over them.

– As a result, your voice sounds hoarse. In some cases of laryngitis, your voice can become so faint as to be undetectable.

Larynx

Common Infections of the lungsCommon Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:

3. Tonsillitis

– Tonsillitis is an infection or inflammation of the tonsils . – The tonsils are balls of lymphatic tissue on both sides of

the throat, above and behind the tongue. They are part of the immune system, which helps the body fight infection

Common Infections of the lungsCommon Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract:

4. Sinusitis– is infection or inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities. – These are hollow spaces in your cheeks and around your

eyes.

– Sinus infections often follow a cold and cause pain and

pressure in your head and face.

Common Infections of the lungs

Common Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract:

- Bronchitis- Asthma- Pneumonia- SARS- Emphysema- Lung cancer

Pneumonia

• is an inflammation of the lungs that usually occurs because of bacterial or viral infection.

• Pneumonia causes fever and inflammation of lung tissue• This makes breathing difficult because the lungs have to

work harder to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

• Common causes of are influenza and infection with the bacterium Streptococcus

pneumoniae.

SARS

SARS

SARS -is a Coronavirus

Asthma

Normal Asthma

•Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes airways to tighten and narrow.

•Often triggered by irritants in the air such as cigarette smoke, asthma flares involve contraction and swelling of the muscles lining the tiny airways.

• The resulting narrowing of the airways prevents air from flowing properly, causing wheezing and difficulty breathing, sometimes to the point of being life-threatening.

Emphysema

• Emphysema is an enlargement of air spaces caused by destruction of alveolar walls.

• Main cause is smoking

Emphysema

normal

emphysema

Lung cancer

87% of lung cancer cases are caused by smoking –American Lung Association

Caused by an abnormal growth of cells in the lungs

Pleuritis

• Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura (a two-ply membrane that both encloses the lung and lines the chest cavity)

• Causes painful respiration. • Can be generated by a variety of infectious an non-infectious

causes.

Malfunctions & Diseases of the Respiratory System

asthmasevere allergic reaction characterized by the constriction of bronchioles

 bronchitisinflammation of the lining of the bronchioles

emphysemacondition in which the alveoli deteriorate, causing the lungs to lose their elasticity

pneumoniacondition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid, preventing the exchange of gases

lung cancerirregular & uncontrolled growth of tumors in the lung tissue