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NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Verbal(adj. ): spoken Antonym : Nonverbal (adj. )
Ex: The proportion of verbal communication is less than nonverbal communication
Ex: Nonverbal communication tells a lot about a person.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Attitude(n): a general opinion or feeling about someone or something
Collocations : Good/ bad attitude attitude to/ towards
Ex: He is a lazy student with a bad attitudeEx: They have a positive attitude towards life
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Communication(n): the process of sharing information or expressing thoughts and feelings
Word Formation : Communicate (v)
Collocations : communicate by something communicate with somebody
Ex: Years ago, radio was the only way for communication
Ex: When she was abroad, they communicated by e-mail and mobile phone.
Ex: They avoided communicating with each other CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Complex(adj.): consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understand
Synonyms : complicatedAntonym : simple
Ex: They have a complex registration system.Ex: The relationship between media and government
is complex.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Interpret(v): To explain or determine the meaning of a statement, action, event,etc.
Word Formation : Interpretation (n)
Ex: His comments were interpreted as an attack on the government.
Ex: There are many interpretations of the book.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Misunderstand(v): to fail to understand someone or something correctly
Word Formation : Misunderstanding (n)
Collocations : lead to/cause misunderstanding avoid misunderstanding
Ex: She misunderstood me in the party and she has not talked to me since then.
Ex: His behaviors caused a misunderstandingEx: To avoid misunderstanding, I need to explain why I
did not come to meeting yesterday. CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Frustrated(adj.): annoyed and upset because things are not happening in the way you want
Word Formation : Frustrating (adj)
Synonyms : unhappyCollocations : get frustrated
Ex: He gets frustrated when people do not understand him.
Ex: It is very frustrating to see people waste their money.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Humor(n): the ability to laugh and recognize something is funny
Word Formation : Humorous (adj. )
Synonyms : funny (adj)Collocations : sense of humor
Ex: You need to have a sense of humor to be succesful in this jobEx: He told us humorous stories and made everyone laugh.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Previewing the Academic ContentThe process of sending and receiving messages without
words is called nonverbal communication.Nonverbal Communication includes the use of the body
and face to express meaning. This element of communication is central to how people
understand and relate to one another.Each day people send and receive thousand of nonverbal
messages. Nonverbal communication is complex because people
interpret them according to their own culture and background.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. Read the paragraph about a study by psychologist Albert Mehrabian and study pie chart showing Mehrabian’s findings.
1. How much meaning is expressed through words when those words semm to be different from nonverbal signals?
2. How much meaning is expressed through nonverbal communication ?
3. Do these findings surprise you ?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Look at the photo on page 139. What attitudes and feelings does each person show? Write W for the woman, M for the man and B for both. Some of choices may not be correct for either person.
3. Discuss the questions below. 1. Which attitudes did you choose? 2. How did the people’s bodies, hands, and faces help you understand their feelings?3. What do you think is happening in this situation? What do you think the people are saying? Do their nonverbaş messages match what you think they are saying ?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Previewing the Academic Skills FocusInferenceWriters and speakers do not always state their meaning,
purpose or feelings directly.They often imply, or suggest, these things by giving certain
types of clues. The reader or listener must look for these clues and put
together all the information given to infer, or guess, the meaning, purpose, and feelings.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
To make inferences, look for these types of details: Content: What facts or information are included or not
included?Word Choice: What attitudes or opinions does the choice
of words show?Intonation or stress: How does the speaker say something?
What does this show ?To check your inference, ask: How do I know the writer
meant this ?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
1. Make inferences to understand the cartoon on page 140.1. Where are the two men ? What do you think people do
at this place? The two men are probably at work—the Institute of Nonverbal Communication. At this place, they probably study nonverbal communication
2. Who are the two men ? How are they dressed? How old are they? The men probably work together. They are dressed in
suits. They look older, probably in their 50s or 60s.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3. What is happening in the cartoon ? What are the men doing? What meaning and feelings do their actions express ? One man, probably a manager looks angry. He has probably fired the other man. He’s showing him to leave. The other man looks upset at the manager. His gesture shows him that he’s fed up and no longer cares about his job.
4. How do men feel about each other? How do you know?They probably don’t like each other. They look angry.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Listen and make inferences about a comment made by a students from a class on nonverbal communication. Take notes to answer the questions.1. What is the student’s purpose for sharing this information ? What specific facts or information does she include to communicate this purpose?
She’s sharing information by giving examples of how her brother says he listens, but in fact, he doesn’t. She says his doesn’t look at her when she talks to him, or he does something else.2. How does the student feel? Which words show this ? Does she use stress or intonation to show her feelings?
She feels upset. She says, “I don’t believe him.” “He’s not listening.” Her intonation is strong, negative.
KEY WORDS
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Appropriate(adj.): correct or good for a particular time , situation, or purpose
Antonym : Inappropriate (adj)
Ex: Your clothes are not appropriate for a job interview.
Ex: It is an inappropriate behavior to send text messages during a lecture.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Assume(v): to think that something is true even though you do not know it is
Word Formation : Assumption(n)
Ex: I did not see you in class, so I assumed that you were ill that day.
Ex: Let’s assume that we could not solve the problem, what would happen ?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Gesture(n): a movement of your head, arm or hand to express your feeling
Ex: From his gestures, I understood that he did not like the idea.
Ex: Because he could not speak English, he used his gestures to tell his problem.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Potential(n): the possibility that something will develop or happen in a particular way
Collocations : have potential show potential
Ex: She proved that she has the potential to do what ever she wants.
Ex: You need to show your potential to people around you.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Regulate(v): to control an activity or process, usually by having rules
Ex: Sometimes you need to use nonverbal and verbal communication to regulate the conversation.
Ex: There are certain rules which regulate the use of chemicals in foods.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Signal(n): a sound, action, or event that gives information or tells someone to do something
Ex: Sometimes nonverbal signals tell more than the verbal signals
Ex: She has not come to meeting. It may be a signal that she will leave the job soon.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Before You Listen Kinesics is a type of nonverbal communication that
studies gesture-the movements of body.Answer the questions about gestures.
1. Look at the gestures that means “I don’t know” in Western cultures. Do you know of any other meanings for this gesture? Do you know of any other gestures that signal the same meaning ?
2. Do you know any gestures to communicate these ideas? Good Job No Way! Watch out ! Pay Attention! Who?Me? Good-bye Come here3. Do you think gestures mean the same thing in every
culture ? 4. Do you know of any gesture that is appropriate in one
culture but not in another? CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Global Listening1. Listen to the lecture and group discussion. Take notes on
the main ideas.2. Read the statements on page 141 and decide if they are
true(T) or false (F) 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3. Review the skill box on page 140. Listen to the excerpts from the lecture and circle the correct answer to complete each statement. For each statement, note specific words or other clues that helped you infer the meaning.
Excerpt One1. to understand the use ofNotes: gestures are not the same across cultures2. canNotes: “you must be careful” suggests that people can choose
how to use gestures
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Excerpt Two3. talk too muchNotes: “polite, quiet” vs. “they talked and talked”; uses falling
intonation; sounds a bit upset4. differentNotes: difficulty communicating in a new culture shows this
differenceExcerpt Three5. agreeNotes: “now I understand” means that she learned how to
communicate in the new cultureExcerpt Four6. inform
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Focused Listening
1. Listen again to the lecture and the discussion. Answer the questions on page 142.
1. 1. raising a hand; looking in the eye; raise eyebrows2. 2. thumbs up; finger to lips3. 3. waves hand, calls out answer, doesn’t give others a
chance to talk
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Making Inferences about Speaker’s AttitudeAn attitude is how someone generally feels or thinks
about something. Speaker’s often do not directly state their attitudes.In this case, the listener must listen carefully for specific
clues that suggest what the speaker is feeling. To make inferences about a speaker’s attitude, listen for:The speaker’s word choices:
Words like good or best show a positive attitude, while words like bad or wrong show a negative attitude.
Also certain words make an idea stronger- for example, very, really,so, and just
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Stress:A speaker may emphasize words to show strong feelingsListen to the example :
No. NO!
Intonation:Speakers often use rising intonation to show positive
feelings and falling intonation to show negative feelings.Listen to Example:
“Good Morning!” (rising intonation) “Good Morning.” (falling intonation)
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Read the words. Decide if their meaning shows a positive or negative attitude.Write + for positive and – for negative.
Positive Negative
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. comfortable, 4. enough,
5. fine, 6. good, 8. help,
9. polite, 15. yes
1. but, 3. difficult,
7. hard, 10. problem,
11. rude, 12. too much,
13.trouble, 14. uncomfortable
3. Listen to the excerpts from the lecture and discussion. Listen for stress, intonation, and word choice to infer attitude. Write + for positive and – for negative. Then use the words in the box on page 143 and fill in the blanks.
Excerpt Onegeneral attitude: negativefrustrated, upset, uncomfortableExcerpt Twogeneral attitude: positiveconfident, relaxedExcerpt Threegeneral attitude: negativefrustrated, offended, upsetExcerpt Fourgeneral attitude: positivehelpful
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Analyze(v): to look at or think about the parts of something in order to understand the whole thing
Word Formation : Analysis (n)
Ex: You need to analyze the data we sent yesterday. Ex: After a detailed analysis of the news, he decided to
make an announcement
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Calm(adj.): relaxed and quiet,not angry or upset
Word Formation : Calm Down (phr.v.)
Definition : to become quiet and relaxed after you have been angry.
Ex: During the meeting, I tried to stay calm and ignored him and his criticisms.
Ex: Try to calm down now and tell me where you saw the thief.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Method(n): a planned way of doing something
Collocations : method of/for doing something
Ex: We need to think about a different method of solving this problem.
Ex: They have effective methods for releasing daily stress.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Brief(adj): continuing for a very short time Synonyms : short
Ex: He gave a brief description of the duties we are responsible for the term.
Ex: They have come here for a brief visit. They will leave in two days.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Inform(v): to give information
Collocations : Inform somebody of/about something
Ex: In case of an emergency, you need to inform the police
Ex: Please inform us about any change of address. Ex:
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Require(v): to need something Word Formation : Requirement(n)
Ex: These flowers require regular wateringEx: The immigrants main requirement is food and
clothes.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Agitated(adj. ): so nervous and upset that you can not stay calm
Ex: She got more agitated when they talked to her. Ex: My father gets agitated if we do not listen to him.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Refuse(v): to say that you will not do something that someone asked you to do
Antonym : acceptCollocations : refuse to do something
Ex: The teacher refused to give break without finishing the task.
Ex: She asked him to leave, but he refused.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Unable(adj.): not able to do something
Collocations : unable to do something
Ex: She was unable to finish the assignment on timeEx: I was unable to sleep, so I got up and watched TV.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Before You Read1. Work with a partner and take turns talking for 60
seconds about what you are going to do after class today.
1. During how much of your conversation did you look at each other- for more than half or less than half of the time?
2. Did you look at your partner more when you were speaking or when you were listening?
3. What percentage of the time do you think people look at one another during a conversation ?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Read the textbook paragraph on page 144 and discuss the
questions on page 145.
1. Look at you notes from Exercise 1. Was your experience
similar to or different from Argyle and Cook’s findings?
2. Do you think the results of the study would be the same
or different in your culture?
3. In what situations is it appropriate and inappropriate to
gaze at another person in your culture? How is this
different from other cultures you know of ?
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Global Reading1. Read the student summary and classmates’ comments
from the website of an online communication class. Underline the main ideas.
Paragraph 1: In her study, she shows that the use of gaze is a very important part of regulating face-to-face communication in difficult situations for a police officer.
Paragraph 2: Kidwell reviewed real video from the television show COPS to study how police officers use gaze.
Paragraph 3: Kidwell cites other studies . . . because they found that gaze is very important for knowing if a person is participating in a conversation.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Paragraph 4: when the hysterical woman in COPS refuses to look at the police officer, the officer understands it as an important sign of problems with their communication.
Paragraph 5: Kidwell concludes that gaze is the most important method of regulating face-to-face interaction.
Paragraph 6: touching someone’s face like that would make them very uncomfortable.
Paragraph 7: The research says that looking away helps people shut out everything else so they can think.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
2. Complete the main idea statements about the summary and the students’ comments.
1. Mardi Kidwell’s study shows that gaze is a very important part of regulating communication.
2. The method of Kidwell’s study was analyzing video from a television program showing police at work.
3. Earlier studies showed that gaze is very important for knowing if a person is active in a conversation.
4. Kidwell found that when the woman refused to meet the officer’s gaze, he saw it as a problem and tried to fix the situation.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
5. The conclusion of Kidwell’s study is that gaze is the most important method of regulating face-to-face communication.
6. Akiko thinks that in her culture, the policeman’s actions would be very inappropriate.
7. Robert (in response to Akiko) says that other research found that avoiding gaze like the woman in the video was doing helps people think.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Focused Reading1. Complete the statements with details from the website
on page 145 & 146.
1. the year 20062. reality television program3. many different ways 4. feels uncomfortable5. rules of gaze6. when they need to think
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Inferring Word Meaning from Context
In academic settings, you will be expected to learn a lot of new vocabulary
You can infer a new word’s meaning by looking at clues in the context.
Look for these kinds of clues:Synoyms:
She was very quiet and tranquilAntonyms and Contrasts
The woman was very upset earlier, but now she is sedate
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Explanations or examples used with the wordEye contact, gestures, and smiling are all examples of
kinesics.Grammar
His nonverbal signals seemed aggressive.
2. Work in small groups.Infer the meaning from the reading by following the steps below:Scan the website on page 145&146 for the words listed in
the chart.Look for clues about the word’s meaning.Write the type of each clue.Write a definition for each word.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
Word form adjective
WORD CLUES TYPE OF CLUES DEFINITION
Traumatic (para.1)
People hurt,upsetCar accidentsDifficult situations
ExplanationExampleSynoym
Very bad, upsetting
Hysterical(Para. 2, 4)
“very upset,”“unable tocommunicate”grandson was shot
synonymsexplanation
so upset or afraid that you can’t do something
refuse(para. 3, 4)
“make it difficult”woman wouldn’tlook at officermakes her “give” gazeword form—verb
synonymexplanationcontrastgrammar
to not do or give somethingthat someone wants
avert(para. 7)
“look away” “like the woman did”word form—verb
synonymexamplegrammar
to look away
footage(paragraph9)
“videotape”word form = noun
synonymgrammar
Film
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
3. Write two other words from the website in the chart in Exercise 2. Infer their meanings from context.
4. You will do an experiment in which you break a well- known nonverbal communication rule. Follow the steps on page 149 to do the experiment.
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT
CANKAYA UNIVERSITY - OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES- ENGLISH UNIT