Non-Rigid Registration

Why Non-Rigid Registration

In many applications a rigid transformation is sufficient. (Brain)

Other applications:

Intra-subject: tissue deformation

Inter-subject: anatomical variability across individuals

Fast-Moving area: Non-rigid

Registration Framework

In terms of L.Brown.(1992)– Feature Space– Transformation– Similarity Measure– Search Strategy (Optimization)

Rigid vs. Non-rigid in the framework

Feature Space

Geometric landmarks:

Points

Edges

Contours

Surfaces, etc.Intensities:

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Transformation

Transformation

Rigid transformation:

3DOF (2D)

6 DOF (3D)Affine transformation:

12 DOF

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Transformation

Additional DOF.Second order polynomial-30 DOF

Higher order:

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Transformation

For each pixel (voxel), one 2d(3d) vector to describe local deformation.

Parameters of non-rigid >> that of rigid

Similarity Measure

Point based

---The distance between features, such as points,curves,or surfaces of corresponding anatomical structure.

--- Feature extraction.Voxel based

---Absolute Difference, Sum of squared differences, Cross correlation, or Mutual information

Search Strategy

Registration can be formulated as an optimization problem whose goal is to minimize an associated energy or cost function.

General form of cost function: C = -Csimilarity+Cdeformation

Search Strategy

Powell’s direction set methodDownhill simplex methodDynamic programmingRelaxation matching

Combined withMulti-resolution techniques

Registration Scheme

Non-rigid Registration

Feature-based– Control Points: TPS– Curve/Edge/Contour– Surface

Intensity-based– Elastic model– Viscous fluid model– Others

Thin-plate splines (TPS)

Come from Physics: TPS has the property of minimizing the bending energy.

TPS (cont.)

Splines based on radial basis functions

Surface interpolation of scattered data

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Description of the Approach

1. Select the control points in the images.

2. Calculate the coefficients for the TPS.

3. Apply the TPS transformation on the whole image.

Synthetic Images

T1 T2

TPS-Results(1)

TPS-Results(2)

Rigid and non-rigid registration

Rigid Registration as pre-processing (global alignment)

Non-rigid registration for local alignment

Next time

Affine-mapping technique