Upload
charlotte-holland
View
219
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Non-Renewable Energy Resources
Global Energy Consumption by Source
• What is the total percentage for fossil fuels?– 80%
• What is the total percentage for nuclear?
Fossil fuels
• Oil (crude oil, petroleum)• Coal• Natural Gas• all formed millions to hundreds of millions
of years ago– Carboniferous age (360-280 million years ago)
• ``cooking’’ of dead organic matter
How do we generate electricity from these fuel sources?
-A fancy way of boiling water1.Heat is generated by burning of fossil fuels or nuclear reaction2.Heat causes water to boil which generates steam3.Steam causes a turbine to spin which generates electricity
Coal
-World coal production in 2010-http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=4210
Coal
Coal
• How does coal form?– Forms from dead and decaying organic material (plants)
in swampy areas– As it gets buried, temperature and pressure “cook” it
Coal
Coal
• Shaft mining– Less environmental
impact than open pit– More dangerous
Coal• Open pit coal mine
– Very large! Some can be seen from space
Coal
More impacts on the environment
Less dangerous than shaft mining
Coal• Burning coal produces air
pollution
• All coal burning produces sulfur which can cause acid rain
• In China there are “blue sky” ratings based on the days Air Quality Index (AQI) as a result of air pollution
Natural Gas
• Mainly methane: CH4
• Does methane smell?– No. The gas that is piped into your home for
heating or cooking has a smell added to it so you can detect a leak or malfunctioning appliance.
• Burns relatively cleanly
Natural Gas
• Electric power is the largest use of natural gas
• Residential use includes home heating and cooking
State-of-the-art landfill
Captures methane
Natural Gas and OilFormation• In seas
• Small organisms—plants and animals—settled out in the mud at the bottom– Buried under more silt, mud– Cooked under heat and pressure
• Oil eventually moved into permeable rock—reservoirs—where oil is found today
Tiny plants and animals
Natural Gas and Oil
Oil
Top 10 oil producing countries for 2007in millions of barrels per day (mbpd)
Oil (tar sands)Tar Sands in Alberta, Canada
Oil (tar sands)
Oil
Oil (tar sands)
Oil (tar sands)
Trans-Alaska Pipeline
Prudhoe Bay Field
Port of Valdez
1300 km (800 mi) long
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_alaska_pipeline
Trans-Alaska Pipelinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_alaska_pipeline
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov
Exxon Valdez aground on a reef, Prince William Sound, Alaska
-March 198911 million gallons of oil were spilled
(roughly equal to 17 Olympic size swimming pools)
Oil
• Deep ocean oil drilling is more difficult and more expensive than drilling on land
The Deepwater Horizon offshore oil platform caught fire and sank with the loss of 11 crew members, as the well was being closed pending later production.
April 20, 2010
Oil
Peak OilPeak Oil- the point in time when a maximum rate of oil extraction is reached
Peak Oil
Nuclear
--Nuclear fission (splitting of atoms) generates heat
-Uranium rods are used as a fuel source-uranium is not renewable
Nuclear• NJ gets more than 50%
of its energy from nuclear power
• Oyster Creek (1969) is the oldest operating nuclear plant in the U.S.
Nuclear
• Advantages– Produces less pollutants
than coal, oil, or natural gas
– Less fuel is needed• One ton of uranium
produces more energy than millions of tons of coal
• Disadvantages– Radioactive waste– Danger of nuclear “fallout”
NuclearChernobyl
• 1986, Ukraine• Nuclear power plant
explosion that released radioactive contamination into the atmosphere (called “fallout”)
• Exclusion zone includes approximately 20 mile radius surrounding the plant
Nuclear Three Mile Island
• Three Mile Island Video
• 1979, Pennsylvania
NuclearYucca Mountain
•Yucca Mountain Waste Depository
•Where do we keep radioactive waste?