NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS - UM Librarylibrary.umac.mo/ebooks/b12548947.pdf · structural-use panel assemblies, ... results reduced to a Sound Transmission Class, or STC number. Sound

D E S I G N / C O N S T R U C T I O N G U I D E

A P AThe Eng ine e r ed Wood As so c i a t i on

N O I S E - R A T E DS Y S T E M S

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Wood is good. It is the earth’s natural, energy efficient and renewable building material.

Engineered wood is a better use of wood. It uses less wood to make more wood products.

That’s why using APA trademarked I-joists, glued laminated timbers, laminated veneer lumber, plywood and oriented strand board is the right thing to do.

A few facts about wood.■ We’re not running out of trees. One-third of the United States land base –731 million acres – is covered by forests. About two-thirds of that 731 million acres issuitable for repeated planting and harvesting of timber. But only about half of the landsuitable for growing timber is open to logging. Most of that harvestable acreage also isopen to other uses, such as camping, hiking, hunting, etc.

■ We’re growing more wood every day. American landowners plant more thantwo billion trees every year. In addition, millions of trees seed naturally. The forestproducts industry, which comprises about 15 percent of forestland ownership, isresponsible for 41 percent of replanted forest acreage. That works out to more than onebillion trees a year, or about three million trees planted every day. This high rate ofreplanting accounts for the fact that each year, 27 percent more timber is grown than is harvested.

■ Manufacturing wood is energyefficient. Wood products made up47 percent of all industrial raw materialsmanufactured in the United States, yetconsumed only 4 percent of the energyneeded to manufacture all industrial rawmaterials, according to a 1987 study.

■ Good news for a healthy planet. For every ton of wood grown, a young forestproduces 1.07 tons of oxygen and absorbs 1.47 tons of carbon dioxide.

Wood. It’s the right product for the environment.

D O T H E R I G H T T H I N G R I G H T ™


Percent of Percent ofMaterial Production Energy Use

Wood 47 4

Steel 23 48

Aluminum 2 8

NOTICE:The recommendations inthis guide apply only topanels that bear the APAtrademark. Only panelsbearing the APA trademarkare subject to theAssociation’s qualityauditing program.

RATED SHEATHING

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CONTENTS

Facts on Noise Control . . . . . . . 4

Acoustical Laboratory Testing . . .5

Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Conventional Wood Joist Floor with Resilient Finish Floor . . . . . .8

Flooring On Sleepers . . . . . . . . .9

Lightweight and Gypsum Concrete Over Conventional Wood Joist Floor . . . . . . . . . . .10

Separate Ceiling Joist . . . . . . . .13

Panel/Insulation-Board Sandwich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Long Span Joists . . . . . . . . . . .15

Field Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Short Form Specification . . . . . .18

Additional Information . . . . . . .19

hether in quiet suburbs or clamorous cities,

apartment and office dwellers share a com-

mon interest: insistence on protection

against noise from the neighbors, from traffic,

from playgrounds and from scores of other

sources. Proper insulation against intruding

sound is therefore imperative in any high-quality

multi-unit project.

This booklet from APA – The Engineered Wood

Association is designed to help you avoid the costly

mistake of poor acoustics, the result of which can

be a high vacancy rate. It includes basic informa-

tion on the types, measurement and control of

noise, the results of acoustical tests on various

plywood construction systems, and a report on

field construction versus laboratory tests

conducted by the Pacific Northwest Forest Range

Experiment Station of the U.S. Forest Service.

For additional information on noise-resistant

structural-use panel assemblies, or for assistance

with specific design problems, contact the nearest

APA regional field office listed on the back cover.

W

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FACTS ON

NOISE CONTROL

Noise originating outside an office orapartment is controlled largely by thelocation of the site, by the floor plan,and by landscaping. Background noiseof this type is an important considera-tion because it helps mask intermittentintruding sounds. For example, anintruding noise which would be intol-erable in a quiet suburb might gounnoticed in a busy city where traffichum may mask noises from an adjoin-ing room without the background noiseitself seeming unpleasant. (Of course,a sudden, obtrusive noise, as distin-guished from a general level of back-ground noise, is disturbing inany context.)

Because of the reduced level ofbackground noise, suburban gardenoffice/apartment projects will usuallyrequire higher levels of sound insulationthan those in a busier environment.

Noise between units and within a unit iscontrolled through construction meth-ods and materials that interrupt soundtransmission paths. Such noises aretransmitted through airborne paths orby impact and structural vibrations.

Types of NoiseAirborne noises, such as traffic, voices,television, etc., penetrate through walls,doors and other structural elements.Open windows, cracks around doors,heating and ventilating ducts, and otherimperfectly sealed openings may also“leak” airborne noise.

Noise MeasurementThe ability of walls and floors to reducenoise is measured over the most impor-tant part of the hearing range (from 125to 4,000 cycles per second) and theresults reduced to a Sound TransmissionClass, or STC number. SoundTransmission Class [STC] is determinedin accordance with ASTM E90 andASTM E413. Field Sound TransmissionClass [FSTC] is determined in accor-dance with ASTM E336.

The significance of STC numbers isillustrated in the following chart fromthe Acoustical and Insulation MaterialsAssociation. (In comparing rated con-structions, remember that 3 db is thesmallest difference that the human earcan clearly detect. Thus differences of1 or 2 points may be considered negli-gible. Also note that even this generalcomparison is valid only with respectto a given level of background noise.)

In addition to being rated for airbornesound transmission, floors are also ratedby IIC (Impact Insulation Class) or INR(Impact Noise Rating). ImpactInsulation Class [IIC] is determined inaccordance with ASTM E492.

IIC values rate the capacity of floorassemblies to control impact noise suchas footfalls. The IIC rating is replacingthe earlier INR system. It’s easier to useand to compare with the STC systemsince most floors require about equalSTC and IIC values. INR ratings can beapproximately converted (±2 db) to IICratings by the (algebraic) addition of51 db.

A few codes specify minimum acceptableratings. Minimum values range from IICand STC 45 to 50. However, limits areoften a matter of judgment.

Structural vibrations are set up from thevibrations of mechanical apparatus suchas heating fans and plumbing fixtures.Unless plumbing is properly isolated(as by acoustically designed hangers),annoying sounds can be transmittedthroughout the entire structure.

Impact sounds are produced by fallingobjects, footfalls and mechanicalimpacts. Since the most annoying andcritical impact sounds are transmittedthrough the floor, floor constructions arerated for impact noise reduction, as wellas for sound transmission.

Building DesignThe proper design and layout of thebuilding can do much to eliminate noiseproblems. Consideration should begiven to such points as location andorientation of the building, landscaping,segregation of “quiet” areas, andoffsetting of entrance doors.

Good construction can minimize soundproblems, but all details must be care-fully watched. Sound leaks can be sealedwith nonporous, permanently resilientmaterials, such as acoustical caulkingmaterials and acoustically designedgaskets and weatherstripping. Pipingpenetrations can be wrapped or caulked.Airborne and impact noise can be con-trolled through properly designed andconstructed wall and floor assemblies.*

*Many helpful planning and constructionpoints on preventing acoustical problemsare given in a publication by the NationalAssociation of Home Builders ResearchFoundation entitled “Acoustical Manual –Apartment and Home Construction.”Another good reference is “Sound, Noise,and Vibration Control,” by Lyle Yerges,1969, Van Nostrand-Reinhold.

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Other significant flanking paths occurthrough back-to-back electrical andplumbing outlets, and joist spaces con-tinuous over partitions. All flankingpaths should be taken into account andeliminated if at all possible. Otherwisesound reduction by floor and wall con-struction may prove ineffective.

As illustrated by field tests (page16), actualconstruction can closely approximate thesound insulation values of test panels, ifinstalled carefully under adequate supervi-sion. Improper installation, on the otherhand, can destroy the sound-insulatingvalues of the best designs.

Advantages of WoodStructural PanelsUse of light-frame construction systemschallenges designers to insulate againstnoise rather than simply relying on themassiveness of heavy walls and floors.Excellent levels of noise control can beachieved with good acoustical design inwood-frame structures surfaced withwood structural panels. Sound controlcan be achieved by applying floor andwall materials over isolated air spacesthat absorb sound. The addition ofresilient channels also greatly reducessound transmission. Acoustically ratedconstructions of the type shown in thisbrochure are suggested since simpledesign procedures are not available.

Wood structural panels are excellent forthis type of construction. Large panelsize reduces the number of joints andcracks that can “leak” airborne noise.Wood structural panels are also anexceptionally good base for resilientcoverings that cut impact noise. Theyare available, versatile and easy to adjustwhen necessary to compensate forbuilding imperfections. A number oftypical assemblies are shown in thefollowing pages.

ACOUSTICAL

LABORATORY TESTING

The construction assemblies shown inthis section have been tested and ratedfor sound resistance according to stan-dard test methods by recognized acousti-cal laboratories. SOME ASSEMBLIESCONTAIN PROPRIETARY PROD-UCTS, SO TEST SPONSORS SHOULDBE CONTACTED FOR ADDITIONALCONSTRUCTION DETAILS.

Note: While the listed assemblieswere tested using plywood, it isbelieved that other wood structuralpanels (oriented strand board [OSB]and COM-PLY®) may be substitutedon a thickness for thickness basis.Because of their substantially similarstrength and stiffness properties andslightly higher density, use of theseother wood structural panel productsin lieu of plywood should not com-promise the STC or IIC of thetested systems.

The sound transmission and impactratings shown for these constructionsare well within the range of acceptableratings for multifamily residential andnonresidential buildings. They shouldapply to actual construction providedthat recognized precautions are takenfor preventing flanking noise and soundleaks, and provided the constructionactually conforms to the assemblywhich has been tested.

However, quality of workmanship, materialand conditions at the site may vary widely.Because APA – The Engineered WoodAssociation has no control over theseelements, it cannot warrant or assumeresponsibility for performance to rated levels.

STC RATINGS

25Normal speech can be understood quite clearly.

30Loud speech can be understood fairly well.

35Loud speech audible but not intelligible.

42Loud speech audible as a murmur.

45Must strain to hear loud speech.

48Some loud speech barely audible.

50Loud speech not audible

The best way to reduce impact noise isto cover a floor with a resilient surfacingmaterial such as carpet and padding.Where a hard surface finish flooring isused, a resiliently mounted ceiling sys-tem is effective, as is insulation boardsandwiched between the subfloor andthe underlayment.

Flanking PathsAcoustical ratings do not reflect theeffect of noise which bypasses, or“flanks” the specific construction.“Flanking” can increase noise transmis-sion significantly. For example, a heatingduct in a partition normally having anSTC of 48 could reduce the STC forthe combination to around 30, if itwere not properly isolated.

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In interpreting these tables, thereare some modifications that can bemade without changing sound-insulating properties.

1. Species and grade of wood structuralpanels and lumber can be changed.

2. Width of studs can be 3" or 4" nomi-nal, and depths of joists can vary from8" to 12" nominal.

3. OSB and COM-PLY may be substi-tuted for plywood on a thickness forthickness basis. See Note.

4. 1/2", 19/32" and 5/8" thicknessescan be interchanged, either in woodstructural panels or gypsum wallboard.

5. Glass fiber or mineral wool insulationcan be substituted.

6. Resilient channels can be used onone or both sides of a wall.

Major modifications in thickness, orcumulative changes can, of course,alter a rated system’s soundinsulation properties.

Acoustical ratings for wall constructionsare shown in Figure 1. This sectionshows four constructions for party walls,two for bearing walls, and one for anexterior wall.

The floor/ceiling assemblies shown inTables 1-6 on pages 8 through 15 arepresented in tabular form to showsound transmission and impact ratingsfor various modifications of six basicconstructions.

Resilient channels applied horizontally, spaced 24" o.c.

12"

2x6 plate top and bottom.

3/8" APA RATED SHEATHING lining applied vertically with 6d common nails spaced 6" o.c. at edges, 12" o.c. other framing. Nail heads dimpled into panel.

2x4 studs spaced 24" o.c., staggered.

4 lb. mineral wool insulation (24" blanket).

5/8" gypsum wallboard applied vertically, joints staggered 12" from plywood joints. No nails. Laminated with 3/8" beads of adhesive continuous around perimeter and spaced 16" o.c. vertically. Joints taped.

5/8" gypsum wallboard screwed to resilient channels; joints taped.

24"



1/2" gypsum wallboard applied vertically, joints staggered. Nail to framing with 8d nails spaced 12" o.c. Joints taped.


12"

5/8" gypsum wallboard applied vertically, joints staggered 12" from plywood joints. No nails. Laminated with 3/8" beads of adhesive continuous around perimeter and spaced 16" o.c. vertically. Joints taped.




See Footnote (b).

5/8" type X gypsum wallboard; joints taped.

2x4 min. studs spaced 16" o.c. (separate wall plates).

7/16" min. APA Rated Sheathing.

3-1/2" glass fiber ormineral wool insulation.

Party Wall STC 46Test No. KAL 262-4



FIGURE 1

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR WALLS(a)

Party Wall STC 54 (b,c,d)

Test No. NRCC TL-93-280

(a) See Note, page 5.

(b) STC 51 if insulation is omitted from sheathed side of assembly.

(c) One-hour fire-rated load-bearing wall per Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Design No. U341 and1995 National Building Code of Canada [see Footnote (d)].

(d) Ref: 1995 National Building Code of Canada, Table A-9.10.3.1.A (Wall No. W13a and W13c).

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Minor modifications may be incorpo-rated in acoustically-rated floor and wallassemblies to conform to requirementsfor a one-hour fire-resistance rating. (SeeUnderwriters Laboratories FireResistance Directory.) Within certainlimits, such modifications should have a minimum effect on the acousticalratings shown. In any event, the govern-ing code should be consulted withrespect to fire resistance requirements.

Walls and partitions having wood struc-tural panels nailed directly to the fram-ing will develop excellent rackingresistance, which is often important inapartment and office designs requiringshear walls.

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Exterior Wall STC 42Test No. KAL 262-1

Bearing Partition STC 42Test No. KAL 262-3

Bearing Partition STC 46Test No. KAL 262-2

5/8" gypsum wallboard cemented to plywood vertically with joints staggered between studs. No nails. Joints taped.

Vertical 3/8" beads of adhesive spaced 16" o.c. and continuous around perimeter of gypsum wallboard.

2x4 studs spaced 16" o.c.


8"

5/8" gypsum wallboard applied vertically with 6d nails spaced 7" o.c. Nail heads dimpled into gypsum wallboard.

3/8" APA plywood paneling applied vertically with adhesive in 3/8" beads, spaced 16" o.c., and continuous around perimeter. No nails.


1/2" gypsum sheathing. Nails spaced 7" o.c.

5/8" gypsum wallboard interior finish; joints taped, with nails spaced 7" o.c.


3/8" APA Exterior plywood siding applied vertically with 6d box nails spaced 6" o.c. at edges, 12" o.c. other framing.

3" glass fiber insulation.


(b) STC 51 if insulation is omitted from sheathed side of assembly.

(c) One-hour fire-rated load-bearing wall per Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Design No. U341 and 1995 National Building Code of Canada [see Footnote (d)].

(d) Ref: 1995 National Building Code of Canada, Table A-9.10.3.1.A (Wall No. W13a and W13c).

FIGURE 1 (CONTINUED)

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR WALLS(a)

TEST SPONSORS

APA APA – The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, Washington

USDA USDA Forest Service, Wood Construction Research, Seattle, Washington

ISU Iowa State University, and USDA Forest Service, Division of Forest Economics andMarketing Research, Washington, D.C.

NBS National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. (Now National Institute ofStandards and Technology – NIST)

USG United States Gypsum Company, Chicago, Illinois

W Weyerhaeuser Company, Dierks Division, Hot Springs, Arkansas

WWPA Western Wood Products Association, Portland, Oregon

GC Gyp-Crete Corporation* Hamel, Minnesota *(Now Maxxon Corp.)

NRCC National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

CCA Cellular Concrete Association (Inactive)

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TABLE 1

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR FLOORSCONVENTIONAL WOOD JOIST FLOOR WITH RESILIENT FINISH FLOOR

Test Gypsumnumber & Finish wallboard Weightsponsor floor Deck(a) ceiling Insulation STC IIC (lbs/sq ft)

Case 1 1/8" vinyl asbestos 5/8" Rated Sheathing subfloor 1/2" nailed to joists None 37 34 9.0NBS-728A tile on 1/2" plywood on 2x joists at 16" o.c.

NBS underlayment

Case 2 1/4" foam rubber 5/8" Rated Sheathing subfloor 1/2" nailed to joists None 37 56 approx.NBS-728B pad & 3/8" nylon on 2x joists at 16" o.c. 9.5

carpet on 1/2" NBS plywood

underlayment

Case 3 .075 vinyl sheet on 5/8" Rated Sheathing subfloor 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 46 46 8.9KAL-224- 3/8" plywood on 2x joists at 16" o.c. resilient channels

1 & 2 underlaymentAPA

Case 4 1/16" vinyl sheet 19/32" T&G Sturd-I-Floor 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 48 45 7.8 KAL-224- on 2x joists at 16" o.c. resilient channels32 & 33

APA

Case 5 44 oz. gropoint 19/32" T&G Sturd-I-Floor 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 48 69 8.6KAL-224- carpet and 40 oz. on 2x joists at 16" o.c. resilient channels

3 & 4 hair padAPA

Case 6 44 oz. gropoint 1/2" Rated Sheathing subfloor 1/2" screwed to 3" mineral wool 50 71 9.5CK 6512-8 carpet and 40 oz. on 2x joists at 16" o.c. resilient channels

hair pad, on USG 25/32" oak

Case 7 Vinyl tile 19/32" T&G Sturd-I-Floor 5/8" screwed to 1" mineral wool 51 51 approx.G&H-APA- glued to 2x joists at 16" o.c. resilient channels stapled to side of 9.4

1ST joists and bottom APA of subfloor

Carpet & pad 74 10.2


Wood joists @ 16" o.c.

3" glass fiber insulation

Pad and carpet

19/32" T&G APARATED Sturd-I-Floor

Resilient channelsspaced 24" o.c.

5/8" gypsum wallboardscrewed to resilient

channels; joints taped

CASE 5 – ILLUSTRATED

STC 48 IIC 69

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TABLE 2

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR FLOORSFLOORING ON SLEEPERS


Case 1 44 oz. carpet 19/32" T&G Sturd-I-Floor 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 52 78 11.7KAL-224- and 40 oz. pad nailed to 2x3 sleepers which channels

7 & 8 in turn were glued halfwaybetween joists to 1/2" insu-

lation board stapled to1/2" Rated Sheathing subfloor

APA on 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 2 25/32" wood-strip Sleepers glued, halfway 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 53 51 13.0KAL-224- flooring nailed to between joists, to 1/2" insu- channels9 & 10 wood sleepers lation board stapled to

1/2" Rated Sheathing subfloor APA on 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 3 25/32" wood-strip Sleepers glued to 3" wide 5/8" screwed to 3" batts between 55 51 11.3KAL-736- flooring nailed to strips of 1/2" sound board channels joists; 1-1/2"

8 & 9 wood sleepers glued, halfway between joists, blanket between to 1/2" Rated Sheathing sleepers

ISU subfloor on 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 4 Vinyl flooring glued Underlayment over 1x3 5/8 screwed to 3" glass fiber 57 56 11.6R-TL 70-61 to 1/2" plywood furring strips halfway between channelsR-IN 70-9 underlayment joists, on top of 1/2" sound

board over 5/8" Rated Sheathing subfloor on

W 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 5 .070 vinyl 19/32" T&G Sturd-I-Floor 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 59 56 20.2R-TL 71-279 stapled over 2x2 sleepers channels between joists;R-IN 71-19 glued halfway between joists, 1-1/2" sand

to 1/2" Rated Sheathing between sleeperssubfloor glued to

WWPA 2x joists at 16" o.c.



0.075" vinyl sheet

5/8" APA RATEDSHEATHING (subfloor)


1/2" APA T&GUnderlayment

grade plywood

1/2" insulationboard, stapled


Resilient channelsspaced 24" o.c.



STC 57 IIC 56

1x3 furring strips Mastic

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TABLE 3

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR FLOORSLIGHTWEIGHT AND GYPSUM CONCRETE OVER CONVENTIONAL WOOD JOIST FLOOR

Test Gypsumnumber & Finish wallboard Weightsponsor floor Deck(a) ceiling(b) Insulation STC(c) IIC (lbs/sq ft)

Case 1 G&H- None 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" nailed None 48 21.0USDA-1ST concrete over 5/8" Rated to joists

Sheathing subfloor on USDA Carpet and pad 2x joists at 16" o.c. 68

Case 2 G&H- None 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" screwed to None 55 20.0USDA-3ST concrete over 5/8” Rated resilient channels


Case 3 G&H- None 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 58 20.5USDA-2ST concrete over 5/8" Rated resilient channels


Case 4 G&H- None 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" mineral-fiber 3" glass fiber 59 22.2USDA-5ST concrete over 5/8" Rated acoustical tile on

Sheathing subfloor on suspension system 2x joists at 16" o.c. hung from resilient

USDA channels

Case 5 G&H- None 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" mineral-fiber 3" glass fiber 58 22.1USDA-6ST concrete over 5/8" Rated acoustical tile on

Sheathing subfloor on suspension system USDA 2x joists at 16" o.c. hung from joists

Case 6 G&H- .075 vinyl sheet 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 59 52 22.0USDA-9ST concrete on 1/2" sound resilient channels

board over 5/8" Rated Sheathing subfloor on

USDA Carpet and pad 2x joists at 16" o.c. 72 22.4

Case 7 44 oz. carpet and 1-5/8" of 75-pcf perlite/sand 5/8" nailed None 47 66 18.4KAL-224- 40 oz. pad concrete over 5/8" Rated to joists 29 & 30 Sheathing subfloor on

APA 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 8 .075 vinyl sheet 1-5/8" of 75-pcf perlite/sand 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 50 47 17.9KAL-224- concrete over 5/8" Rated resilient channels31 & 34 Sheathing subfloor on


Case 9 44 oz. carpet and 1-5/8" of 75-pcf perlite/sand 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 53 74 18.5KAL-224- 40 oz. pad concrete over 5/8" Rated resilient channels27 & 28 Sheathing subfloor on


Case 10 5/16" wood block 1-5/8" of 60-pcf lightweight 5/8" screwed to 3" batt 54 53 18.8KAL-736- set in mastic concrete on 1/2" insulation resilient channels12 & 13 board over 1/2" Rated

Sheathing subfloor on ISU 2x joists at 16" o.c.

(continued on page 11)

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TABLE 3 (Continued)

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR FLOORSLIGHTWEIGHT AND GYPSUM CONCRETE OVER CONVENTIONAL WOOD JOIST FLOOR (continued)


Case 11 None 5/8" gypsum concrete over 1/2" screwed to 3" mineral wool 56 54 14.5BBN 670602 5/8" Rated Sheathing resilient channels

& 670601 subfloor on 2x joists at USG 16" o.c.

Case 12 None 3/4" of 111-pcf gypsum 1/2" Type X 3-1/2" glass fiber 60 12.9R-TL 81-16 concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to

R-IN 81-1 & -2 Sheathing subfloor on resilient channels0.10" cushioned 2x joists at 16" o.c. 55

vinylGC 0.09" vinyl sheet 49

Case 13 None 3/4" of 111-pcf gypsum 1/2" Type X None 58 12.7R-TL 81-17 concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to R-IN 81-3 0.10" cushioned Sheathing subfloor on resilient channels 50

GC vinyl 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 14 None 3/4"(d) of 111-pcf gypsum 1/2" Type X None 50 12.6R-TL 81-19 concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to joistsR-IN 81-6 Sheathing subfloor on

GC Carpet and pad 2x joists at 16" o.c. 56

Case 15 None 3/4" of 105-pcf gypsum 5/8" screwed to 2-1/2" glass fiber 60* 15.0IAL 5-761- concrete over 5/8" Rated resilient channels

1 & 2 72 oz. carpet and Sheathing subfloor on 79GC 46 oz. pad 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 16 None 3/4" of 105-pcf gypsum 5/8" screwed to None 55 15.0IAL 5-761- concrete over 5/8" Rated resilient channels

3 & 4 72 oz. carpet and Sheathing subfloor on 75GC 48 oz. pad 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 17 None 1" of 111.5-pcf gypsum 1/2" Type X None 50 16.0IAL 6-019-1 concrete on 1/2" of 24.9-pcf screwed to joists

& 6-035 sheathing over 5/8" Rated 60 oz. carpet and Sheathing subfloor on 75

GC 24 oz. pad 2x joists at 16" o.c.

(continued on page 12)


Pad and carpet

5/8" APA RATEDSHEATHING (subfloor)


1-5/8" lightweight concrete on 4 mil polyethylene film


Resilient channels spaced 24" o.c.



STC 53 IIC 74

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TABLE 3 (Continued)

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR FLOORSLIGHTWEIGHT AND GYPSUM CONCRETE OVER CONVENTIONAL WOOD JOIST FLOOR (continued)


Case 18 0.36" foam-back 1-3/8" of 106-pcf gypsum 1/2" Type X 3-1/2" glass fiber 55 18.2R-IN 81 parquet concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to

-11, -12, 0.31" regular Sheathing subfloor on resilient channels 51-13 & -14 parquet 2x joists at 16" o.c.

1/8" VA tile 510.09" vinyl sheet 51

Case 19 39 oz. glued 1-3/8" of 106-pcf gypsum 1/2" Type X None 46 17.9R-IN 81-8 carpet concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to joists

& -10 Sheathing subfloor on 1/2" Type X 51GC 2x joists at 16" o.c. screwed to

resilient channels

Case 20 G&H .063" vinyl- 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" fire-rated None 49 33 22.3CA-6MT asbestos tile concrete over 5/8" Rated nailed to joists

CCA-7MT Sheathing subfloor on CCA Carpet and pad 2x10 joists at 16" o.c. 48 63 22.0

Case 21 G&H .063" vinyl- 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" fire-rated None 55 43 24.8CCA-8MT asbestos tile concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to resilient CCA-9MT Sheathing subfloor on furring over

2x10 joists at 16" o.c. 5/8" fire-rated CCA Carpet and pad nailed to joists 54 63 25.5

Case 22 G&H .063" vinyl- 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" fire-rated None 58 37 22.4CCA-10MT asbestos tile concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to resilient CCA-11MT Sheathing subfloor on furring screwed

CCA Carpet and pad 2x10 joists at 16" o.c. to joists 73 23.1

Case 23 G&H .063" vinyl- 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" fire-rated 3-1/2" glass fiber 61 46 22.6CCA-12MT asbestos tile concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to resilient CCA-13MT Sheathing subfloor on furring screwed


Case 24 G&H .063" vinyl- 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 1/2" fire-rated 3-1/2" glass fiber 60 47 22.0CCA-14MT asbestos tile concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to resilient CCA-15MT Sheathing subfloor on furring screwed


Case 25 G&H .063" vinyl- 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 1/2" fire-rated None 56 37 21.8CCA-16MT asbestos tile concrete over 5/8" Rated screwed to resilient CCA-17MT Sheathing subfloor on furring screwed



(b) Except Cases 4 and 5.

(c) Asterisk (*) indicates values are for Field Sound Transmission Class (FSTC).

(d) Manufacturer recommends 1" thickness.

GDE,W460,NR.0 8/28/00 2:03 PM Page 12

13

TABLE 4

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR FLOORSSEPARATE CEILING JOIST


Case 1 44 oz. carpet 1-1/8" T&G Sturd-I-Floor 5/8" nailed to 3" glass fiber 51 80 10.7KAL-224- and 40 oz. pad 48 oc on 2x joists at separate ceiling 14 & 15 16" o.c. joists

APA

Case 2 25/32" hardwood 1/2" Rated Sheathing 5/8" nailed to 3" glass fiber 53 45 11.0KAL-224- strip subfloor on 2x joists separate 2x joists12 & 13 16" o.c.

APA

Case 3 25/32" hardwood 2x3 sleepers, glued to 3" 5/8" nailed to 1-1/2" glass fiber 54 50 13.2R-TL 68-15 strip wide strips of 1/2" sound separate between sleepers R-IN 68-1 “Standard carpet” board nailed above the floor ceiling joists plus 3" glass fiber 69 14.0

& -2 on 25/32" joists to 1/2" Rated Sheathing between floor ISU hardwood strip subfloor on 2x joists 16" o.c. joists



Pad and carpet



2x4 ceiling joists @ 16" o.c.staggered 8" from floor joists

5/8" gypsum wallboard nailed directly to 2x4s

STC 51 IIC 80

1-1/8" T&G RATED STURD-I-FLOOR 48 oc

GDE,W460,NR.0 8/28/00 2:03 PM Page 13

14

TABLE 5

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR FLOORSPANEL/INSULATION-BOARD SANDWICH


Case 1 3/32" vinyl sheet Underlayment nailed through 5/8" screwed to None 50 48 9.3NBS-719 on 1/2" plywood 1/2" insulation board, to 1x2 furring strips

underlayment 5/8" Rated Sheathing on resilient clipssubfloor on 2x joists at

NBS 16" o.c.

Case 2 3/32" vinyl sheet Underlayment glued to 1/2" 5/8" screwed to None 52 49 9.6NBS-718 on 1/2" plywood insulation board, which is in 1x2 furring strips

underlayment turn stapled to 5/8" Rated on resilient clipsSheathing subfloor on

NBS 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 3 5/16" wood block Underlayment glued to 1/2" 5/8" screwed to 3" batt 54 51 11.5KAL-736- flooring glued to sound board over 1/2” resilient channels10 & 11 1/2" plywood Rated Sheathing subfloor

ISU underlayment on 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 4 Carpet and pad Underlayment over 1/2" 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 55 72 10.7R-TL 70-71 on 1/2" plywood sound board over 5/8" resilient channelsR-IN 70-10 underlayment Rated Sheathing subfloor

W on 2x joists at 16" o.c.

Case 5 Vinyl flooring on Underlayment over 1/2" 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 58 55 10.8R-TL 70-72 1/2" plywood sound board over 5/8" resilient channelsR-IN 70-11 underlayment Rated Sheathing subfloor

W on 2x joists at 16" o.c.



3/32" vinyl sheet

5/8" APA RATED SHEATHING subfloor


Resilient clips

1x2 furring strips

1/2" APA Underlayment grade plywood, glued

1/2" insulation board, stapled

5/8" gypsum wallboard screwedto furring strips; joints taped

STC 52 IIC 49

GDE,W460,NR.0 8/28/00 2:03 PM Page 14

15

TABLE 6

LABORATORY RATINGS FOR FLOORSLONG SPAN JOISTS

Test Gypsumnumber & Finish wallboard Weightsponsor floor Deck(a) ceiling Insulation STC(b) IIC (lbs/sq ft)

Case 1 44 oz. carpet and 1-5/8" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" nailed to None 46 62 20.4KAL-224 40 oz. pad concrete over 5/8" Rated joists-37 & -38 Sheathing subfloor on steel-

APA wood trusses at 16" o.c.

Case 2 44 oz. carpet and 1-1/8" T&G Sturd-I-Floor 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 47 69 10.5KAL-224 40 oz. pad 48 oc on steel-wood resilient channels-35 & -36 trusses at 32" o.c.

APA

Case 3 Vinyl tile 1-1/2" of 100-pcf cellular 5/8" screwed to 3" glass fiber 58 50 21.0G&H USDA concrete over 3/4" Rated resilient channels

-11ST Sheathing subfloor on G&H USDA Carpet and pad plywood-webbed 77

-11xST I-beams at 24" o.c.USDA None None 57 20.7

Case 4 None 1" of 106-pcf gypsum 5/8" nailed to None 51* 13.2IAL 5-905-1 concrete over 5/8" Rated joists

& -3 0.174" of 29.6-pcf Sheathing subfloor on 52linoleum steel-wood trusses at

GC 19.2" o.c.

Case 5 None 3/4" of 106-pcf gypsum 5/8" screwed to None 62* 12.5IAL 5-905-2 concrete over 5/8" Rated resilient channels

0.174" of 29.6-pcf Sheathing subfloor on 61linoleum steel-wood trusses at

GC 19.2" o.c.

Case 6 None 3/4" of 106-pcf gypsum 5/8" Type X None 58* 14.8IAL 6-442-2, Linoleum concrete over 3/4" T&G screwed to 53

-3 & -5 50 oz. carpet Rated Sheathing subfloor resilient channels 74 15.5GC and 50 oz. pad on open-web wood

trusses 24" o.c.


(b) Asterisk (*) indicates values are for Field Sound Transmission Class (FSTC).


2x4 (typ)

Steel-wood trusses spaced 32" o.c.

5/8" gypsum wallboard screwed to resilient channels

Pad and carpet

Two 3" x 16" glass fiberblankets laid on top of

channels; tight butt joint

Resilient channels spaced 24" o.c.

STC 47 IIC 69

1-1/8" T&G RATED STURD-I-FLOOR 48 oc

GDE,W460,NR.0 8/28/00 2:03 PM Page 15

FIELD TESTS

Field tests prove laboratory sound rat-ings can be achieved in practice. Table 7on the following page shows results offield tests made by the U.S.D.A. ForestService.* A number of tests performedin apartment buildings in the Seattlearea have shown that in general, fieldSTC values can indeed closely approachlaboratory values if all personnelinvolved are careful in installation. Thefollowing are excerpts from a paper by J.B. Grantham and T. B. Heebink, entitled“Field/Laboratory STC Ratings of Wood-Framed Partitions,” printed in “Soundand Vibration” for October, 1971.

“For the 16 field tests that could becompared with laboratory tests of com-parable wall constructions, the averagedifference between predicted and actualperformance was 3-1/2 points. Withtwo cases of flanking and one of leakingcorrected, the average differencewas 2-1/2 points.”

serious oversights in construction con-tribute to sound leaks or flanking. It is,of course, still true that these ratings arenot achieved without determined effortat every stage in the design andconstruction process.”

The entries near the bottom of the tableshould be of particular interest formanufactured housing. They illustratethe actual field test values for soundinsulation in a modular motel. Plywoodsheathing was used in both floor-ceilingand wall construction, primarily becauseof its excellent resistance to rackingduring transportation and erection. Intests of comparative constructions, thewall with plywood sheathing producedacoustic isolation just slightly betterthan an otherwise identical constructionusing fiberboard sheathing.

Values were even closer for floors. Thepaper goes on to state that “The averageof the FSTC’s** determined for 15field-tested floor-ceiling assemblies wasonly one point lower than the average ofthe STC’s based on laboratory tests ofeight related assemblies.

“Comparisons…between impactsound insulation measured in the labo-ratory and in the field are more limitedthan those of airborne sound insulation,but indicate that laboratory and fieldimpact noise ratings are of the samegeneral magnitude.”

These findings refute the commonbelief that actual field constructioncannot approximate the behavior of thelaboratory-tested samples. Actually,Mr. Grantham states in his paper, “Thecomparison of field-measured insulationof 21 walls and 15 floors with laboratorytests of similar wall and floor construc-tions reveals that the sound insulationpredicted by laboratory tests can beclosely approximated in the field unless

16

*Wood Construction Research, PacificNorthwest Forest Range Experiment Station,Seattle, Washington

**Field Sound Transmission Class.

GDE,W460,NR.0 8/28/00 2:03 PM Page 16

TABLE 7

FIELD TESTS OF SOUND INSULATION COMPARED WITH LABORATORY TESTS(1)

Laboratory tests Field tests

Details of Field modificationsbasic construction STC IIC Test Ref. FSTC IIC or conditions

Conventional wood joists. 46 46 KAL224-1 & -2 46 44 1-1/8" T&G plywood subfloorSubfloor, insulation, ceiling on resilient channels.Tile flooring. 51 41 1/2" fiberboard over 3/4" plywood

Conventional wood joists; 47 66 KAL224-29 & -30 47lightweight concrete topping 44 Possible perimeter leaksover plywood subfloor. 48 68 G&H-USDA-1ST 49 63Ceiling nailed; no insulation. G&H-LCR-1MT 48 66Carpet flooring. 48 71

Ceiling on resilient channels; 55 67 G&H-USDA-3ST 52 74no insulation. Carpet flooring.

1-1/2" glass fiber. Carpet flooring. 58 67 G&H-USDA-2ST 56 75 Corrected a leak through fireplace

1/2" sound board under concrete; 59 72 G&H-USDA-9ST 57 773" insulation. Carpet flooring.

1/2" sound board under ceiling 56 G&H-USDA-4ST 57 78 Carpet flooringchannels; 3" insulation.

Long-span joists.Particleboard on 3/4" plywood; 48 62 R-TL 70-48 45 70no insulation; ceiling nailed. R-IN 70-7Carpet flooring.

Stressed-skin panels.Lightweight concrete over factory-glued panels;(2) 56ceiling on resilient channels.

Floor-ceiling assembly, as achieved by stacking modular units.Plywood floor on upper unit. No “roof,” but 3" insulation and nailed gypsum 53 45 KAL-224-12 & -13(3) 49 42 No finish floor. 3/8" plywood on 1/2" sound wallboard ceiling on lower unit. 51 80 KAL-224-14 & -15(4) board “roof” on top of joists of lower unit.

Party wall.Achieved by assembling modular units with 1" space between. Each wallwith 5/8" gypsum wallboard, 2x3 studsspaced 16" o.c., insulation, and 49 471/2" sound deadening board.

Same, but with glued plywood instead of the sound deadening board. 50

(1) Floors carpeted except as noted.

(2) Stressed-skin panels had 5/8" top skin, 2x8 stringers, 2x4 T-flanges on bottom, no bottom skin.

(3) Hardwood flooring (25/32") over 1/2" subfloor.

(4) Carpet and pad over 1-1/8" subfloor.

17

GDE,W460,NR.0 8/28/00 2:03 PM Page 17

SHORT FORM

SPECIFICATION

Each construction panel shall be identi-fied with the appropriate trademark ofAPA – The Engineered Wood Associationand shall meet the requirements of APAperformance standards or VoluntaryProduct Standard PS 1-95, Constructionand Industrial Plywood or VoluntaryProduct Standard PS 2-92, PerformanceStandard for Wood-Based Structural-UsePanels. All panels with edge or surfacepermanently exposed to the weathershall be Exterior type, except panelsidentified as Exposure 1 may be usedfor roof sheathing where they areexposed on the underside, such as eaves.

Panel thickness, grade, and Group num-ber or Span Rating shall be equal to orbetter than that shown on the drawings.Application shall be in accordance withthe recommendations of APA – TheEngineered Wood Association.

18

TYPICAL APA REGISTERED TRADEMARKS

RATED SHEATHING

EXPOSURE 1SIZED FOR SPACING

32/16 15/32 INCH

000PRP-108 HUD-UM-40C

THE ENGINEEREDWOOD ASSOCIATION

APA

RATED STURD-I-FLOOR

EXPOSURE 1

24 oc 23/32 INCH

000PRP-108 HUD-UM-40C


APA

SIZED FOR SPACINGT&G NET WIDTH 47-1/2

RATED SHEATHING

EXTERIORSIZED FOR SPACING

48/24 23/32 INCH

000PS 1-95 C-C PRP-108


APA

RATED SHEATHING

EXPOSURE 1SIZED FOR SPACING

24/16 7/16 INCH

000PS 2-92 PRP-108


APA

GDE,W460,NR.0 8/28/00 2:03 PM Page 18

19

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The trademark of APA – The Engineered Wood Association appears only onproducts manufactured by APA member mills and is the manufacturer’sassurance that the product conforms to the standard shown on the trade-mark. That standard may be an APA performance standard, the VoluntaryProduct Standard PS 1-95 for Construction and Industrial Plywood or Voluntary Product Standard PS 2-92, Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels.

APA – The Engineered Wood Association’s services go far beyond qualityinspection and testing. APA’s research and promotion programs playimportant roles in developing and improving wood structural panelconstruction systems and in helping users and specifiers to betterunderstand and apply panel products.

Information in this and all APA publications is based on the use of panelproducts of known quality. Always insist on panels bearing the mark ofquality – the APA trademark.

For additional information on panel products and construction systems,write APA – The Engineered Wood Association, P.O. Box 11700, Tacoma,Washington 98411-0700, for any of the publications listed below. For a more complete list of titles and price information, request the Publications Index, Form, B300.

■ APA Product Guide: Performance Rated Sidings, Form E300

■ APA Product Guide: Performance Rated Panels, Form F405

■ APA Design/Construction Guide: Residential & Commercial, Form E30

■ APA Design/Construction Guide: Fire-Rated Systems, Form W305

GDE,W460,NR.0 8/28/00 2:04 PM Page 19


N O I S E - R A T E D S Y S T E M SDESIGN/CONSTRUCTION GUIDE

We have field representatives in most major U.S. cities and in Canada who can helpanswer questions involving APA trademarked

products. For additional assistance in specifyingAPA engineered wood products, get in touch with

your nearest APA regional office. Call or write:

WESTERN REGION7011 So. 19th St. ■ P.O. Box 11700Tacoma, Washington 98411-0700

(253) 565-6600 ■ Fax: (253) 565-7265

EASTERN REGION2130 Barrett Park Drive, Suite 102Kennesaw, Georgia 30144-3681

(770) 427-9371 ■ Fax: (770) 423-1703

U.S. HEADQUARTERS AND INTERNATIONAL MARKETING DIVISION

7011 So. 19th St. ■ P.O. Box 11700Tacoma, Washington 98411-0700

(253) 565-6600 ■ Fax: (253) 565-7265

PRODUCT SUPPORT HELP DESK(253) 620-7400

E-mail Address: [email protected]

(Offices: Antwerp, Belgium; Bournemouth,United Kingdom; Hamburg, Germany; Mexico City,

Mexico; Tokyo, Japan.) For Caribbean/LatinAmerica, contact Mexico City, Mexico.

The product use recommendations in this publica-tion are based on APA – The Engineered WoodAssociation’s continuing programs of laboratorytesting, product research, and comprehensive fieldexperience. However, because the Association hasno control over quality of workmanship or the con-ditions under which engineered wood products areused, it cannot accept responsibility for productperformance or designs as actually constructed.Because engineered wood product performancerequirements vary geographically, consult yourlocal architect, engineer or design professional toassure compliance with code, construction, andperformance requirements.

Form No. W460N/Revised August 2000/0300

www.apawood.org@Web Address:

GDE,W460,NR.0 8/30/00 9:52 AM Page 20

Documents

NOISE-RATED SYSTEMS - UM Librarylibrary.umac.mo/ebooks/b12548947.pdf · structural-use panel assemblies, ... results reduced to a Sound Transmission Class, or STC number. Sound