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Nobel Turing Challenge
Hiroaki Kitano The Systems Biology Institute
Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
Can we build machines that can win the
Nobel Prize?
Photo by Hiroaki Kitano, 2002
By 2050, develop AI systems that can make
major scientific discoveries that worth Nobel
Prize in Physiology and Medicine
Intelligence
Au
ton
om
y
Nobel Turing Challenge
AI Assistant for Scientific Discovery
Current Status
Alfred Nobel Alan Turing
The Turing Test at the Nobel-
quality scientific activities
Grand Challenges in AI
1997 Chess 2014 Shogi 2016 Go
Complete Information Problem
Massive Data
Massive Computing
Advanced Machine Learning
Process of Scientific Discovery
Serendipity
By Accident
Scientific Intuition
6 Photo by Hiroaki Kitano, 2010
Scientific discovery is at pre-
industry revolution level
8
Oda and Kitano, Molecular Systems Biology, 2006
50
We are terribly bad in understanding behaviors of systems
that are high-dimensional and non-linear
Limits of human cognition
12
Moonshot
Redefining Scientific Discovery
Massive search and verification of
hypotheses space
13
How efficiently can we execute?
What are science specific constraints?
What is computational definition of “Serendipity”?
Capability to recognize
patterns that human cannot
recognize
14
15
大規模データと機械学習、知識発見を前提とした医療へ
Deep Clinical Phenotyping
Unsupervised learning for patient stratification
Unsupervised learning for patient stratification
outliers
In transition?
anything special?
RA Patient Data from Univ.
Tokyo Hospital
Capability to perform high-
precision experiments that
human cannot carry out
18
Two Arms Robot for Lab
19
Crowd Robotics Consortium
Machine Creativity?
Capability to explore
hypotheses that human
cannot imagine
Human played games
Possible moves based on past human played games
All possible moves on GO
Human played games
Possible moves based on past human played games
All possible moves on GO
Tabula rasa based generation of games
AlphaGo Zero
AlphaGo
25
The Beatles The Beatles Style
Music
28
Discovered knowledge Human discoverable knowledge
Scientific truth
Discovered knowledge Human discoverable knowledge
Scientific truth
Knowledge that human may to be able to
generate and understand
Evolution of Human civilization is
evolution of tools
Industrial Revolution Borns and Stones
Information Revolution AI: Machines that think
Machines that Creates
Knowledge