Nobel Laureates in

Economic Sciences

(1969-2012)www.flashcardsinppt.com

Ragnar Frisch1969

for developing and applying dynamic

models for the analysis of economic

processes

Norway

Jan Tinbergen1969

for developing and applying dynamic

models for the analysis of economic

processes

Netherlands

Paul Samuelson1970

for the scientific work through which he has developed static and

dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis

in economic science

U.S.A.

Simon Kuznets1971

for his empirically founded interpretation of economic

growth which has led to new insight into the economic and social

structure and process of development

U.S.A.

John Hicks1972

for the pioneering contributions to

general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory

England

Kenneth Arrow1972

for the pioneering contributions to

general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory

U.S.A.

Wassily Leontief1973

for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important

economic problems

Soviet Union/U.S.A.

Gunnar Myrdal1974

for the pioneering work in the theory of money and economic

fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the

interdependence of economic, social and institutional

phenomena

Sweden

Friedrich Hayek

1974

for the pioneering work in the theory of money and economic

fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the

interdependence of economic, social and institutional

phenomena

Austria/Britain

Leonid Kantorovich

1975for the contribution

to the theory of optimum allocation

of resourcesRussia

Tjalling Koopmans

1975for the contribution

to the theory of optimum allocation

of resourcesNetherlands

Milton Friedman1976

for his achievements in the fields of consumption

analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the

complexity of stabilization policy

U.S.A.

Bertil Ohlin 1977

for the path-breaking contribution to the theory of international trade and

international capital movements

Sweden

James Meade1977

for the path-breaking contribution to the theory of international trade and

international capital movements

U.K.

Herbert Simon1978

for his pioneering research into the

decision-making process within economic

organizations

U.S.A.

Theodore Schultz1979

for the pioneering research into economic development

research with particular consideration of the

problems of developing countries

U.S.A.

Sir Arthur Lewis 1979

for the pioneering research into economic development

research with particular consideration of the

problems of developing countries

St.Lucia/U.K.

Lawrence Klein

1980for the creation of

econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic

fluctuations and economic policies U.S.A.

James Tobin1981

for his analysis of financial markets and their

relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices

U.S.A.

George Stigler1982

for his seminal studies of industrial structures,

functioning of markets and causes and effects of

public regulation

U.S.A.

Gérard Debreu1983

for incorporating new analytical methods into

economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of

the theory of general equilibrium

France

Richard Stone 1984

for having made fundamental contributions

to the development of systems of national

accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for

empirical economic analysis

England

Franco Modigliani1985

for his pioneering analyses of saving

and of financial markets

Italy/U.S.A.

James M. Buchanan Jr.1986

for his development of the contractual and

constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-

makingU.S.A.

Robert Solow1987

for his contributions to the theory of

economic growth

U.S.A.

Maurice Allais1988

for his pioneering contributions to the

theory of markets and efficient utilization of

resources

France

Trygve Haavelmo1989for his clarification of the

probability theory foundations of

econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous

economic structures

Norway

Harry M. Markowitz1990

for pioneering work in the theory of

financial economics

U.S.A.

Merton H. Miller

1990for pioneering work

in the theory of financial economics

U.S.A.

William F. Sharpe1990

for pioneering work in the theory of

financial economics

U.S.A.

Ronald Coase1991

for his discovery and clarification of the

significance of transaction costs and property rights

for the institutional structure and functioning

of the economy

U.K.

Gary Becker1992

for extending the domain of microeconomic

analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and

interaction, including nonmarket behaviour

U.S.A.

Robert Fogel1993

for renewing research in economic history by

applying economic theory and quantitative

methods in order to explain economic and institutional change

U.S.A.

Douglass North1993

for renewing research in economic history by

applying economic theory and quantitative

methods in order to explain economic and institutional change

U.S.A.

John Harsanyi1994

for pioneering analysis of

equilibria in the theory of non-

cooperative gamesU.S.A.

John Forbes Nash, Jr.1994

for pioneering analysis of

equilibria in the theory of non-

cooperative gamesU.S.A.

Reinhard Selten1994

for pioneering analysis of

equilibria in the theory of non-

cooperative gamesGermany

Robert Lucas, Jr.

1995for developing and

applying the hypothesis of rational expectations,

and thereby transforming macroeconomic analysis

and deepening our understanding of economic policy

U.S.A.

James Mirrlees 1996

for fundamental contributions to the economic theory of

incentives under asymmetric information

U.K.

William Vickrey

1996for fundamental

contributions to the economic theory of

incentives under asymmetric information

U.S.A.

Robert C. Merton

1997

for a new method to determine the value of

derivatives

U.S.A.

Myron Scholes

1997

for a new method to determine the value of

derivatives

U.S.A.

Amartya Sen 1998

for his contributions to welfare economics

India

Robert Mundell

1999for his analysis of

monetary and fiscal policy under

different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum

currency areasU.S.A.

James Heckman 2000

for his development of theory and methods for

analyzing selective samples

U.S.A.

Daniel McFadden 2000

for his development of theory and methods for

analyzing discrete choice

U.S.A.

George Akerlof 2001

for the analyses of markets with asymmetric information

U.S.A.

Michael Spence 2001

for the analyses of markets with asymmetric information

U.S.A.

Joseph Stiglitz 2001

for the analyses of markets with asymmetric information

U.S.A.

Daniel Kahneman 2002

for integrating insights from psychological

research into economic science, especially concerning human

judgment and decision-making under uncertainty

U.S.A./Israel

Vernon L. Smith 2002

for establishing laboratory experiments

as a tool in empirical economic analysis,

especially in the study of alternative market

mechanisms

U.S.A.

Robert F. Engle 2003

for methods of analyzing economic

time series with time-varying volatility

(ARCH)

U.S.A.

Clive Granger 2003

for methods of analyzing economic

time series with common trends (co-integration)

U.K./U.S.A.

Finn E. Kydland

2004for contributions to

dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of

economic policy and the driving forces behind

business cycles

Norway/U.S.A.

Edward C. Prescott

2004for contributions to

dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of

economic policy and the driving forces behind

business cycles

U.S.A.

Robert Aumann 2005

for enhancing our understanding of conflict and cooperation through

game-theory analysis

Israel/U.S.A.

Thomas C. Schelling 2005

for enhancing our understanding of conflict and cooperation through

game-theory analysis

U.S.A.

Edmund Phelps 2006

for his analysis of inter-temporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy

U.S.A.

Leonid Hurwicz 2007

for having laid the foundations of

mechanism design theory

Russia/U.S.A.

Eric S. Maskin 2007

for having laid the foundations of

mechanism design theory

U.S.A.

Roger B. Myerson 2007

for having laid the foundations of

mechanism design theory

U.S.A.

Paul Krugman 2008

for his analysis of trade patterns and location of

economic activity

U.S.A.

Elinor Ostrom 2009

for her analysis of economic governance,

especially the commons

U.S.A.

Oliver E. Williamson

2009for his analysis of

economic governance, especially the

boundaries of the firm

U.S.A.

Peter Diamond 2010

for the analysis of markets with search

frictions

U.S.A.

Dale T. Mortensen 2010

for the analysis of markets with search

frictions

U.S.A.

Christopher A. Pissarides

2010for the analysis of

markets with search frictions

Cyprus/U.K.

Thomas J. Sargent 2011

for the empirical research on cause and

effect in the macroeconomy

U.S.A.

Christopher A. Sims

2011for the empirical

research on cause and effect in the

macroeconomy

U.S.A.

Alvin E. Roth

2012for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design

U.S.A.

Lloyd Shapley

2012for the theory of

stable allocations and the practice of market

design

U.S.A.