OURNAL Of KflOCMTjC DKCUSSION

NO.}. A^tf l l953

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f+ you wc^t to r^3vzre t hc t yo" vi"il ronr*vc *LT—l£*J0I* i r t W l c t e f e ' c t e r pu^Mcntiox, s«nf vovr subscript ion now!.

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•^J5F?/"T0r" wi l l t j w c r t r i M E M fj r iv . n*; I*"* yam Wf*5> there"ore j s^rc3 us 1C/- , yon* copy wi*n rerch you rc*n*lr.rly .'or t h e rert . vcrr« 5/— w i l l prrT *or "ive cop ies .

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L © E R A T I O N - A JOHRKALOF tHCCWttJC PISCUSS1W.

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"PhrTlr.tetrt *s snrrervicring i t s control orcr the «orecvt*r«:». and the. executive may -io ear th ing i t l i k e s * . . . .

^ r r r , where Ministers e r r imbued with a police s t a t e * rn t a 1 i t y , who hove ^avclopcr1 the desire to destroy t h e . authori ty a l toge ther , t h i s B i l l i s p o r t / r u l a r l y danpercue to th*. mriirtowincc o r democratic-lifc*A»**«

"Tonorrtw wc shall b< virtwftlJV J i a pol ice s t a t e . To-» r row the GQverrjnentcaL-:3roclfi1ni thr whole IJhiop t o he la r s t a t e r\* < racrgtmcy without giving my roaaor,# I t eatr^ suspend every newspaper, adopt tl>c most d ra s t i c ' aftesuro» V c u r t a i l the froe^-ci of c v r y person, confiscate the i r pro-perty and suspend every, law.

"Where Q ra t ion is wi l l ing to Surrender a l l rciglR' ' residcrrt in the people of t h e i r .own protect ion t o m. few irtomb.-rs of the ex* cu t ' ve , we a m r o t far froa thtft fririous dav when Hi t le r pr^clrimed hinjsclf to be the source of till power end authori ty in the s t a te*

"Yet, in sp i te of f.:»ic object surrender by ferliatastn c i t s authori ty at the bcvv*st of a r a t i o n a l i s t Govsrwrnt , tfv ~nprMti**ii hn« cproe'J t/\ support thir> c^armro. I t did so K c n j ^ ' i t K l i ' v o d *-! / *"ur~> .r.r Ma jo r i t y r*x3t r* a r i a -^ ir^d *r Svjtr- A"r5n' . '

•./, ...vt -. *>.3 w . •«, ro* fr^r. a Jcjd'jjf n r t i c l r Jn Aav.*——*•'—-r :^p.rV", ? .: ff »r, the cpec o^-^4-t:7€f^rt^y-^efcV.V:

. . ic.ioll. ' . ;«. i iT rtf th* Hltcd forty l p tVo Senate, *plr * \ i^r ^r. ?obr;c:ry 19th * r ' ? i | why h is per%y was tunport iaa t#i •Lhiid rt-.nd?v.f of ijtc t . - l i e So«\ty E i n » \ JH5-J w-»rds r ay**" r^ -1>4T\ ir, his tory re * «r epitaph net only cf the" > J * - * ftirty, lw* Ir.Vtd, f ihf- Union PnrMnnmt i t s e l f .

Jfc la tcrc tbct' Ifcrlimcut hrs 'aujTcndcrcd it.i c r n t r l " , * ^ It la a lesson *bicb w i l l be incrccninply bor,ie uyy-n the i m l i r tfcai tbi* Object surrender" vhich the Scnctcr no iBslflar ehowwrtcriaod ves duo to iho hel lo f n t h r t turopcen Mtfaorlty Moat H nnintcined lr S^uth Africo".

•Emrvpccn c-tth^ritv* - thc^t In the cointcwr.ee r,f **M ttictator^Lip of a sd r rx i ty - cc;.*iv»t be rce r:iai3eO even ./iP; the foras of drsrancrr t i c i n s t i t u t i o n s Ihc 19"n C.-m-atitutie-n wes cr c t t c r p t to rcffwi"?: t V t c v i t i c d l j i 1 :.; between the ouUfcra foi*.u- of u - ^ r v ^ V i r * - rrO c *..-..* t -

'&>%al l i b e r t i e s , L..J the r -V- lr / ir" - c - s l : \ r • ' r --• '• •*ratlnp condit ions *'or the *xnofH o" t h a ffrldnininfr end fSraing plnt-ocrcc*.

Tet , because o* tUV a post b i t t c pec'/-'. ••., ho.ttic, there here been democratic roatrctjMa crd r - t ^ r ^ a to the imposition of ncVcd ffcsciJt d l u U l o r s M p H . ^ a h A r : - . the-people hove hod occrss . to ro^r.r. c p lev wh'.cV ~.t ; n;r

ro*te In their upper l eve l s , hcvr enjoyed co".c n^rs^r- o r

indeperdonee. The South African p r c s r , n l ' r ^u r l n a t u r e ! V i t hca been controlled almost en t i r e ly try t h r s c W'PI br.~r the finoncicl resources osscnticl to innlntetoinr *orVrn ncvepopcrg, bes never theless cn .^ ' cd the free don to r.ttiir'" and cr i t ic iar the Govemi^r.t* uowever hcraned cbout ^y interference end l og ta?c t lon , the worV ( rs

f T mdo Unions hove c V i c o a t brd tJrc ripbt to. e x i s t .

Ifco fctionc1i8t Governmert hes shown i t sc l* ' increreirr?.y lent end int^crcnt of thesr r ights of the pcopV. ^e-*-^ tolcrctr the carirtence of Irw courts ond newgpop^rs ore not subject to their direct r.nd imnrdlrtc con t ro l .

http://cointcwr.ee

They hc^e sr id so , rrd continue to sey so with increasing bltwtcaa rnd rudeness• They hc~e made t h e i r aim ce c lear ns d o ^ l i r h t : i t i s o V l i a h ever? ves t ige of democratic freedom in South A*Yicc end to estaM.i*h Q t o t r l , t e r r o r -i s t i c , d i c t a t o r s h i p of the sor t which tbey to much e

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which v*Jt**ly ond unconprondsinply takes up i t s stcwj' ftr aquclity of ri^hta end opportunities for a l l mm t r t ' m i B n in ou* country.

^fboac cl-csscs, organise^ i r the Ji'Yicnn Nctionrl Con-gress , the Trade Unions, the S.A. Fconlcs Conprcss and other dchocratic n i l i t a n t orponihrtions of the pcnpl< err. olonc tele© t»p the bonncr of nonulcr l i b e r t i e s end tt- dc-*cneos of the people which Parliament hos dr^ntv-d 5nt^ Ibc fcirc.

Recent dcvcloprcs's in tu.^ Union, pcr t ioul . vlj' the. Viooaqucrrtlc a r ? r i t that jnr. ifc ' tcd i t - c l f oj. l\v. :*;s.: " conference held by the Corrrcc-yc ir- Jnhr"nos' ir- f" " J ' c

r t* Rroviceirl A.H.CV con.\;fvn^c r". Por+ F\\-r*ct : : , h~-lOhtfe olcor thot the ̂ .If' >.'' ?t coun+r** LH

t o enswrr tlir -crlj *V,r r. c.,' ' >-v^- v u x ^ i n c end vbicn the prc t rncTo tr. - 7 * v "*•' v i ' j acmnd -*#

ft.la fofr ttoeir JkricTs tht~.:-*.j.?r. 1 1 ^ . '• H:«- «\J i-*pwrstiK3a of tho s i t vr - icn;. J V* \*. . rV *. -;n .. ,' ifi6fccfeico cnS vr e n a c t i o n . ffc< 1« fi ••—' £--• \m of 1952 ho's rfiacd the l ibera t ion ro" ;? ' *1 U» * y>~» d*>..,->>.i hripht^a tf orjpnisod strength" crA p^J i t l* 1 cor ir>;c:r i::~t

T M9 alonr Jirc be-on a v o r ^ y ici.icvc ... t . * 1 • • ra»y i ••!, Lr." t*c democratic p«op?e of South A'Yic.i v*3"' •' :c.v-~ ic^cir lu.'Jrr a -d*bt o^ prntitudc to thr> pallar.'., > * •. • -.' •••-. r >">• «• J 'r^pr and cxewplc ho.* inspired, c**»)C"iVd rr-3 i c l . ^ d V\ movonan^ Indeed, trad i t no*- born f .e r

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trw-j*rt5cr r wntJanenec of the f i r s t a ta^o * i a j w o t i o a b l c end d e f q e t i a t , bu t , more important j the j r ^ e s i a g jateda of the nsv s i tua t ion make i t imperative for tho peoples ' s t ruggle t o adopt new forms Vaort on nosa cc t ian in tcu&.apd country a l i k e ,

Tho N r t i o r c l l s t ftirty hes succeeded i n b l r ckno i i i a f " l e p i l * author i ty to nSi l l sh the lews, from a wretched assembly of *Vi£htrncd nen wboae prctonsi^ns t o be e Rirlizsaent of the South African people have thus forever ^ e o destroyed-

Out before the NctioncMata crn ocerc isc tnoae powers thay vi',•, hrrwf to rccV^r with the twelve B i l l i on South Afr icans , whin wc of "Liberat ion" be l i eve , v i l l never tamely *>ow t h r l r "tc'^s to se rv i tude .

In ahem con t r a s t to tbcec c r i t i c c l r c c l i t i e s ir>w .ftctnp

and p o l i c i e s ^oing now placed before the ovcruhelminply whl£c e l ec to ra t e in the prosfcnt Gencrnl E l e c t i o n . Wo par%y, i r ?oco* xr> cendidetc , unfor tunate ly , fees come forwcr£ with ^, t ru ly denocrr t ic policy rdvchcinp the slopen of un iversa l Franchise rs the e l ' tcrnct ivc t o a Police Stotc? votes for o i l * or votes f^r r̂ p-n | r g the r e e l issue ^c^orc South Afr ica . Tee c l o c -i-'fons c-Trot , t h c r ^ ^ r c , he re fe r red fis c decis ive f i e ld in** th is nr j o r hct+le* Yet t h i s should r o t imply thn t the dc«>~ c r c t s .*f South Africe, whether or not enfranchised, ton record the outcome of the e lec t ion vdth ind i f fo rence . ^ c a rc v r l t i n p -on the eve of tho e l e c t i o n , r ' '.». t i n e whm the Urttrff Jterty l a conducting i t s cvstonfcry q u l r ^ ' c n r i a l conpet i t ion with the v f t ionc l i s t s to se-e who car. cir.V to lowrr depths in t rpee3lug to the bases t colour ^rejuc'ices o* the e l ec to ra te* T ese de-rrcfiixig cn t l c a ccrno t but 'tndcrminc whatever l i n r c r i n p i l ? u -si-trc mcy r e n e w , r t horn or c rcr.d, cs t o t V inver tebra te r'-rrrc cT " Hr^-ftrrvas ?>r̂ Ms nnsonirti%i

?h "vct~f> i-fi^n *h' • T * ovirvbTl^inF m * ->f t!:c :>«ut* A'Vicar ' ~ \ •r1"' r ' ^ ' v r t the elector;1"*, de' Vv. frtSt )[ot N c : T.C thf.-v hv/r **ny c "froence 5n cr ' i l l u s i o n s ab at t v r s^-cr-^'cr Mri^od Penrc rc t i r " T ^ t " , hut h e c r s e the" re —^ni"e the Ifclcnitc-s i s th( DOG4 v — v : end ororcne cne t ics V ' denocrre- . ?;-." defect ; * tJ e -- t i ^ n a l i s t s , t b e j K ^ v e , \ l r

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t t w i n not of i t s e ? * lead to an- democratic rains-, cannot but be a atiwCh'S and an • n c c r a p e w n t t o t h a t mass move-WOt of tfce depressed which alone can achieve the t rue a a a s e i M t i o r of South Africa from inmer i a l i s t b o n d e r -

Whatever t h e e lec t ion r e a c t s , however, t he re car be no slackening n

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l r *rdcr t*s r r r M a c the **••*' r r n r i t c *f ' the withdrawal of the i r c r Jc r r x v < ' t v '?«r* >*:• ^rrrac >rr bra to ' cwRiidcr ' i t f i r s t l y ^Yor the hdatnrlrrJ . events wMch led t o tljc witfcdrr.wri r.nd second?:- 'V-.n the pnir.t" ^ view *ki t h i s a+ep is MK jpc*i o" tN declrrod i ^ r l c c r po1lcy *o st tp- i tp r V I r t o r s i ^ the vers rcpJnf ir. Asir ,

Jrf?1dcn+ ^iscr.^o'wrr'c 'sPp,cr' i r r S'-quel to c lorp l i s t of pr*v*et.tiyrz rrv"1 rctucl-«:et-£ ^- ~

£u >JWP0© with China a f te r Sder 's reborn from tht United b e * ' « K Veahinj^n Cco-reaoondfmt o ' the "Ntv Yc/V Poet"

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explained W none other thrn *p*?w*sib>-« i ' _ t l * cf. **c '•'-•'':; . , r ; ' ^ * V ' / - >. ^ r v:.:: fc^l vc f V a rt*. Uracr.t hy Pj-tiicr l u M : ' : ' i."' • 'cm n ^pr^vuncisij the nfto tc "r'*Xiixi the fcT.i: >p ' ; ' c . v i« irf-ttfr* ; s .of Sotvttierr Sc**»frJfa-; r : the Kvri7r T^cndr' '

*C-ST, :•:.> ,uf the rcaccra Iicve a 'i;rtcVcr ' • IV , " **:t ; t i j ci*!;- tWc Cona^nists who "see H I vlicrc ;..-» c r . 3 , far ^ • • r rhe r s lo c-?.3 J'•!* t U3 rei^a^or t v c ? re'cr--.it o^Kv7"-^rt I/brrirrv. vV-;r j / u i t J o n l tcekfToimd r . ed r c t V e*r*.*rJ -* *'•:••*. Kr- 5* -ri^Dn oncii&rj General Eisenhower •\f '"rlxvrt" i ^ r l t i V r- i"' "• li-I-^-rV t.-. n t toc^ . tne Ch^ncr:e inolr-Ir.Tu, A*:rt ho vorr»t;u ti,< "hit.-r .̂r. "t/v- rovi.xT^tnt not to bo- , rajrr rnv ; f»mi ;n r.Voirt the : " i + i - h puKT5c oplniz^JX-eUr^-fi* ^ t a t k took r34*cc«' '"* should t;-ink,;., hr T.jclorcd " tha t DC )r-.6 n r i s u : f̂ o> o wieteVtn onKcy n̂ thrr per t o~f~^e new Prcsidt.ni ^nd fcla Adrlr iatra+. ior . We shcrild c r r t n i n l y th i r> i t vrcnp far Br i t i sh *brccs to V, cr.ffopcd in thoso operations should the>- occur".

Ifrinet t h i s becVjrrounr3 of Anericen dc8iprs ageinet the people*/... •

file:///rcl.lrhttp://cr--.it

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people* Of4 China BT>£ Asia l e t us recall the oft-rcpoate declarations and peaceful actions on the port of tho Ctoin#ac pooplc.

Already onNjhc occasion of the f i r s t onnirerscry o f the *

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hcvc olwnys held - ond continue to hold - t ha t tbo otHy solution to the prisoner arc at ion i s to r epa t r i a t e e l l of tb«a. But, in viriNqf the feet thct the prisoner qucation now cons t i tu te* the only borr'icr to Agreement, vc ore now prepared t o olislaft tc the differences on th i s Question to bring obotft an armist ice lt» jfapca".

Odiously t h i s atotcocnt hos ted o boabahell effect on th f

'"Fcstorn" wor^d. StoeV Exchcr.pc prices hevc suddenly fal len rr.d t hen i s r c r c m l penic in the H!3inoas world ot t h i s new "threat of pocccn« Since the .arms nr.nuftcturcrs vho r ea l ly crofit *y war ore now in the leading-Minlstcrica of the United States (including Deforce)/ i t v i ? l be in t e res t ing to ace whet these gentlemen crc poir- t^ ^o les4?*peoce Vroaka bot*

In tnc rxcr.wi a.a- i t shorV< remain the foremost teaks 5f the ."KCcc-lnvirp p c w \ s n* .South Africa ere of the world tex'c; tn demand nr i^nc-'Mr.t* c^

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Obea Ceci l Hbodoa uaa esVod t o define in Q sentence **lir.i caorf F -ur 'T^rs v'-- ; ."v b a y t a u g h t by- the event3 of >S, fct.i* few ycrr-r- tfr/*! "< :'e abenpe in South Africa1 a p a L ' n c r * sc*-ur. ir» TH-C

I tw/ MM

http://cc.it

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ffM avpnortera r e l a c o nuaber or arguments in fntour of t h e i r policy oa opcinat t he non-Europccn l i S n r a t o r y aovraoat1* d*ar*v for ftlll oqua l i ty .

F i r s t l y , they any t h a t i t l a inpoeaiMc t o g rea t the fifarchiao t o unoducoted people heocuse auch people do not urftlerstr.nd hov to vote or whet ia_auce ore a t a t t+o in Qfi e ject ion* This i s en argument which", t h i r t y ycara ago, uould hoyn I • 1 t o he rc f r tod hy e lo^ore tc t h e o r e t i c a l answers. To-

'9£~$ i t con be very fcrioflj* disposed of. The franchiae v i a granted t o i l l i t e r a t e neop3r in the enr ly ycora of the Soviet Ohion; i t l o s since ^ccr. grcntqd t o i l l i t e r a t e people ix> India f Nigeria end the Gold Corgt. . In none o* t h e s e ocvffstriee baa chaos rr-su?ted. . The r ? c t ia tha t unedveoted people nften dl#-pl r^ more cormor sow. r M u t p o l i t i c s then s jw4**duce tad oroa*

The*4 i t i s s a l* t ^ r t - t h e ouoli^ied fronchiae aus t b* 'cdoptod ns en i n r r ^ i r t o oHJrr-tivc v ccrusc Fur-^poen opia ior w i l l ro t countGTirrec rr^/thinp aorc r a d i c a l . There aye two-onawerf to t h i s rrfumbrt* ^ i r a t l y , F^opoon" opinion w i l l not a u p p r t even thr q t e l l f i o ^ franchise . un t i l i t ia forced *tc do &o« * Sec-ndl;-, Europeans Hi l l hnvo to reconc i le thcaaclvca in the crd t o thc^unAvc r s c l f ranchise , and tho 9"on

md r e j e c t nny lessor concession. Their denrmd Is Vsed lOt only on democratic p r inc ip l e* which a rc accepted the world over, Nit e l so or the hord fac ts of South African h is tory* Wa fcovc hod qua l i f i ed f ranchises "before. While t key l a s t ed , they did l i t t l e to improve the lo t of the t e a s of the people . They HZ not l o s t oerm^ont lv becnusc they created c p r iv i l ege* minority w^ich vrs r. lc o* ouy time to tcVc such s teps cs i t srw f i t to entrench i t a pos i t ion rapre s t r ^ n ^ l " . Vnuer in the hor^s of r. a i n o r i t y ifl usol ly ohuscd. So i t proved in South A "rice hefdrc end so i t i s l i v e l y to rrr^vr apnin . The one-way t o fcuild o r e e l , s t cb lc den-^crpey in South Africa l a \& adhcrinp simply- ar.d honest.lv to democrr.ti*: c r i r e i p 1 c 3 .

http://honest.lv

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m K&OISL SOL-fly BJ3jga f«

• H S t a r l l ; ' and economic?1^ , Kenya i s one of Whitehall* *>st valuable' co lon ies .

I t i s 3trate 'pical 1y import*rt as a corr idor down t h e coast of A*Y*ca 'Yom B r i t a i n ' s Middle p a s t ^asea t o bar southern a l ly , - South A'Vice.- I t i s u e ing v u i l t as a r e a r :tose r or 'o rees .centred or the > e s Canal, a**d ia a cor r idor '•between the Indian Ocean *nd the important cen t ra l A'Yiean areas roun^ lake Vic to r i a .

Ker.̂ a expor ts , v a s e ] on cheop labour | a r e v s lue v l e t o • ' f r i tain, and Ken-a in ret'irn^is^F^rnarVet r or ^i t i f f t r^reoda.

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Who i s response l e ' " o r t b* . t e r ro r i sm in Kenya today? Tbf jknya African Imfon ia the lacdinp organisa t ion f l i r t i n g fW, the i n t e r e s t s of the people in'Kerr-a. There a r* believed t o M 100,000 paid up numbers of the K.A.U. In i t s 15-poiiit prografca, the fc".'/»tJ. demnnd.-: hunan r^fhts , ' fcrnine e l e c t i o n s , land Terr t i p Africans, equal education*' democracy, equal pey, free t r a d e M unions, the repeal of repress ive I c r i s l a t i o n .

I t s s i r leaders ore charred with orgenis inp the Mau'Uau, a secret s -c io ty crpape'd in conspiracy. .The Government claims . the Ifeu Ma;: ic ah ant i -whi te t e r r o r organisetio; i d i rected by the K.A.U. end i t c lender , Jono » n y a t t a .

There ia douH about the r c tua l ex i s t e rce of the Iteu Iteu. I t may he that, such a t e r r o r i s t organisa t ion doca e x i s t - a sor t of S tem gang of U.-. ;jYicar. s t m r p i o . Yet evsn so,, i t s i n -fluence murt, be very s n a i l . After r o r t h s o^ nevspaper heed-l ines of MPU»MBU t e r r o r , the Kenya Government annour.cod t ha t the Ifeu MBI: bed murdered nine Europeans and 193 Afr icans , while troops and po l ice hsd k i l l e d 121 pooplo, rounded up thousands aoro in to concentratior. car.ps, imposed t h e t o r r i b l e system of comnunal "punishment" on the people, deprivinp thousands of thoi r ^road-winners, t h e i r crops and land , t h e i r s tock, t h e i r means of l ive l ihood . In a newspaper r epor t heedod fFew Violwco breaks out in Kenya',, i t i s reporter ' tha t a po l i ce petrol *ired on 300 n a t i v e s , ine l -d inp 100 women, holding an

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H'MAl tmtixe.

There ia war today on Kcnye:8 pcop1c. In 10 dcv3 clone, 3,600 A r i e r r s wore errosted in r :mcs3 drive on the AV.rdrrc • o s t e i n s . Coapanica of the Kinr-'s African Ri f les end platoons of the Kenya Repiment ^ c t t h e i r wey throuph J " rp l c , a r r e s t i n g every A rioon they ~ound. In other a reas , thou4 aonde a rc 'deta ined 1 for quest ioning. In one rcic" on the fEt^t-Wiley* 7 AftMcons were c r e a t e d because c deed do? wes found strung tip in tho c r c c . Another tir.;c r r r r uTOC* " w; re carr ied out berovsc Af r i t e r s wen. scon brend'j h t o j s-.i-^n a t c pessing p ? m e . lanccs^ire *us i l i c r s petrol; , r•'-*: '1 rnd rboot on a igbt Kikuyu who ^rcck the curfew rof rnVt 'orc , M i c e and r e a e r r i a t s f i r e ant? 'u rn out luah lc rc r ] »rf :ior>".

*•* w la there orytbinp more e rve l thr r th : .' ry? : c , v : HB*iah»cnt, of impoundii^g ec . t t lc , so iz inf crops, r los ing eahoola, depriving tbousends of vonor tnd chi ldren of p'y..

6f l ive l ihood?

Hcv aany qf the n ine European ? k i ? V i diuJrg K*iiya*a wera**ctuol victjn\s o f c LCCT*C1 socic*,", rnd" Yvv'

it$*vcre ardiiitxy criminol c c t s , i t i* rot po«r_i'To" to «*;."• i a tl>ot the f ie rce repression in Kcnvt: to^iv .*?

«f APTSFCRFT SOCIETY, I t i s a< :d a t p u t r i / -locV end key anyone who can be repaided nr c "crdi r ,

orgfcmiacr or epoVoamen of the people.. I t is c fr **.:.- ' - "P , deaipned with the objec t o* suppressing conrVletc^y the i^rlttlfi l i be ra t ion Movemont., I t i s 0 cover under -wh-ich t e doatroy the Kenya Africa Union, whose ) order:; v<

without a ahred of evidence a pa in fit th**rn. » o

Behind toe war -ctroer. Pr i t i . : ! . i r . p e r i r ' i r -and tbc people t ha t i s today beinp voped ( r t a cor.t of *25Q,000 o day I ) ia tbc ^ s i c isauo of l/:nd. Kenya *s cr. ar«nfc«3jdiigly t f r e r i a n country - norc than 95 per cent of. tba population depend on apr icul t i i rc for a l i v i n p .

-

1» MMM the process of land expropriat ion or ' a l i e n a t i o n 1

iftot,began to South Africa 300 yeara ego, hes been cotnyressod toto f i f t y yecra« & 1901.there were only 13 white s e t t l e r s

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In K o r o . Tn^cy there r r r 30,000 cr

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tesVs e s s e n t i a l t o pood t r rd f t g - V>« c>rininp r rd f^ncihr, for instr.nce - arc pe r fec ted , end poor fcr^inr r . r t W a . c ^ ' t o th* e ros ion .

o ld cry - so f c n i l i r r In t h i s country - i s I rvc 1 1 cd a t the A f r i c m s : t h a t t h e i r lent? i s overstocked. ^breiVLe

iTLiw incrreeea the peoples ' b i t t e r r^sert iocnt .

To A^riccn ir. Kenyr. c m work without o fcipende - o r e g i s t r a t i o n c c r t i f i e e + r , the hc t rd ' p e a s ' . The kipende serves the sene purpose r s the p.-;'ss lxv Sotith Afrietu I t cu3t N c r r r i f d alwc;'S, produced or

There b r s hem sonc provth of. ImJustry in Kenya in recent / t* re» Worci ore usual ly kept below subsis tence l e v e l , baaed on the ayth t i c t t he A rricon worker obtc lns p a r t i a l support fro« h is fteHHy l e f t in the r e s e r v e s . , In i ? U > STTTled

y&r+xvm ct\me& en rvcrofc o r 45 s h i l l i n g s n rftntfr. u r s k i l l e d ID t o 25 s h i l l i n g s .

U taes t i c l abour -is en important, per t of Kcryr ' s econorcy. B»c cckootrist Vertra observed-thot bnc fqo t r r t of imperialism in 'A»ay I s c tendency for workers t o ' peas over from the sphere of production i n t o the sphere of c i r c u l a t i o n end in to the por-MDOl se rv ice bf the r u l i n g c l a s s ! • This is s t r i k i n p l y enn-firwod in Kenya. In 1945, 1 # of a l l Arriccns employed out-. s i d e the reserves vero in doacs t i c s e r v i c e . In t h a t yoer „ t h e r e Hie en everape of one se rvnr t for olmost every white man,

find chi ld i r Keryr.

labour was conscr ipted in Kenya dxirlnf the war, and t h i s war ooftseriptior fixed t h e DCJCIJBUB number nf mclc se rvants in % t roM ae th ree for a household of one adu l^ , four for a * > ^ * o U of two odulte#

« .M-* ;« ;MI

Tm Kenya today the re a re 30,000 Euro-, 24,000 Arabs, 100,000 Ind ians , nnd 5,250,000 Afr icans .

'•'be Governor, appointed in tendon, has e f f ec t ive power.

- 19 ~

He is cdviscd, but not cont ro l led , b y i m E x w t i r c Council of *our Europeans.

Tbc. fRirXlcncnt? Is c Loplalctivc « o u a 0 J 3 , ^ i f t 4 t b oenns here 39 r c p r c s c n t c t i r c a , Indict* $ , 4 « i « i aj? t ad /tfcfr« ecus 6 - e l l the African nenbera or© apntos ted , not c l i r t t i

All locol Govomnent 1B run t # I^ropoCM,., except to -Otrta 'a ercrs where locr.l >Tctivo Councils run by chiefs ft^andly'to i t * r-ovcrnnent, cro cllnwe^ t o opcre tc . But they tafc inadequate *Vr^s, r n J dopend e r t i r e l y upon the D i s t r i c t Corwiaaiooers,

• The Govrrror i s usucl ly appointed ffcrfive jreor^, cri^ #e-r pcry*6 IrrreDy on c i v i l se rvants , drewn f ro* upper-clrsa Bri t ish G r i l l e s .

Even the Eur-~pem sect ion of the Jjepislr t ivc Couccil 'can tardly be cel led dcrx>crat5c. They arc e l w t o d , t t i s t r ^ c , but only c sne l l pcrcentrpo of the t a t t l e r s 6rc rcp*ot«r«#' ^ > t e r s . . In the .Gcrejjr.l Elect ion of TfylU$ fbr instwiee, t k r t o t e ] nuribor o ' . v o t r s ' c e s t wrs 1,4.65•

Typicr l o r the ncmbcrs of the Lcpis le t ivo Council i s do lone 1' E.S. Croprn, o lde s t nen*xr - 7$ yccra old . Ro d^ t l s r* I r s t TV»^unN:r: B I r ' t h i s 1B r e ^ M o n , rnd obviously i t i s , then cnyonc tr.king per t in i t i s p o l i t y of trooson nt>6 th* proper puniahrcrt for t h a t is to be henpec* by the neck t s t U dend."

The Colonel r.

- ?o -

Strvferl** cw» o t U w p t c ' orgonisct icau The W 2 3tr fleers, 1*0 mt outs ide pol ice hector ̂ crtcra in flcirobi holding prcycr HCotlEfa and ^omndinf the r e l e a s e of t h e i r loader , wrrc f t ro^ on ty the p o l i c e , and the docd rnd wounded l ey in t h e s t r e e t s of Hcirobi* The Choirncn o r tho organi -sa t ion • t h e Boat JLfriccn Aaaocintion - was deported without o t r i a l .

There were two general s t r iVr s in Ifr^hcsc, In 1°^9 en'' 1944* which focvaacd a t t e n t i o n on the deplorable l i v i n p condi t ions , the - t e r r ib le housing, s t c r v r t i o n vrpes , lonp hotire.. worked, end the infrinjrenent by onplcrcrs of t h e i r IOPT.1 obl ipct inns* The fincir.ps of c Connlssion oc cn-r u t r y w w c kept s e c r e t , but African rMe^s wcr^ hurr ied fgm t o po.ciijr t he worVera*

toother *%»erel a t r i k e i b Monbrsr in 1Q4" las ted for twelve days,

Tbc Eoat Africa* Associat ion was d r c l c r r 5 i l 1 c g o l , i t s lechers p e n a l i s e d But the i^er of union hrc* teken hoV saonp the people , end where they could r o t orgr.rise oncr.ly, thev organise* underground.

In 19AQ, 2,000 t r an spo r t worV-rs struck for 16 d r y s . Jfa 1950 t he r e wes a perora l a t r i k e in NoiroM in protes t agc ins t the- c r r c s t o? the socrctrr"- rr*d pres ident o f the Ebst Aft-lean Trades Union Conprcss, fornc*""1 the previous ye^r« This orpcriar+ior. t o o , i s now i l l c p n l .

EH'CATIdL E ^ w c t i o n in Kenya h r s c3wr."s be.*" Inrp'V* 3* tho

taenia of t h e rissionnr.U-3. Wbcn t h e Trrr* vrs o p t T - *rp, t b s miss ionar ies povrcd in t o ac t cb^ut r^nvcr t inf tho hoethen, end c s t c ^ l i s n c 1 cch^l f l to tench the ce t r r 1 i s - : :• t h e b i b l e . Miosior.r*rp rcrwire '1 c r t r c r chc ' c s t;\* r: ;(.f ogenta o f Afrlcrn od^co4 ion, ensurinp t h d t1 c vest -* j - r " \ " • f AfVieana woul/* never be oducr tc" , en'3 tho*'. vbo *>

- 21 -

•Ion creation is now coapolsoiy fbr-oll IW?1ED Usfr fftotJftK towns. \ Hot nore tbrn 18< of African cfcilfirxm.*•»*»•"**

i»oetion o t e l l , " while no noro them .03*. (In 3943) reoe*-4# jor Junior aeconc'cTW stcnter*3.

•

Por.eTOsy wull l lhr the Gd or Wt5T*r.5O0 t ihes less" - 3.07 'dhlU.lnps*.

A 3^rpr proportion o f A "Wear cO.ol-.3r.rc svWtloachtcry* p y crc %m«h sch?olJ f . Mhr- -the tci-v.-*r*j h^vc l i t t l e o^ucatiflp jy\1«o t r r t ^ J . ^ *-!** "t>r f ' N v , I !- r; A\ r t a i t e f t " KVCTJ to c > -b;t>r:- r •> ntm.rv*rt starV**1 rixir-p tfc» African* ir-'^istft1 •?..'rh ! . * ^ r ^ ^ : T / ' - ; " . , ".rtVpcrVcnl of the rds:rione» Vc iil>i7v ^ur r^c ' 4 sccv'Jcr CL 00I.5, r«s» c i ther t y the Africans the.*"*'-', T - vr ';] r fto7erft!Wtt» if!.-"r'. Ki t iv t ) - tourcik ooiuclJy vote3 1209o00 to establish sue*

1 ctlv-ols, rttf v>hc ATr^ccrm *' *-r«.* * ^ i i.mir>itrcpcc r r - ' l t - r p i ^ l t w * 3 i The *cpTy of: the r.-v-r:.i^nt \TS- to.throw r.j] t V r vripn ' l " r ; : ! ^ rh.c missions,

*ihc Kil--;\ us i * t r l l r t r " V :v • lir.p up bub col:, independent ;f i'ovcriircnt en'1 r i a s ion . IIu vr?*th of He nijiborit ica vrs *rrat* locnl fctivc Councils were prc?cr.\'-'\ fron noVing 4 i r cc t rrctits to these schools* Inspectors were h w W »TCvi£ to r^oclrrr then uncetisfectory.

With pr'etpictcK* fund's, on^ the t a rge t of much &b>\se, jjpt 'these independent schools progressed. In five yfcars, A3 V«r* estc^l inhc^. . By 19A6, more then 1D0 were bfcing n o i n t n i r c ' hy the c o m m i t ? , rn*3 in 1952, 300*

Everywhere e l s e , orccpt ctaonf the Kileum,- opposition to the mission schorls wis ovrrcomc. But because ircporir.H«« ch-oscs the mission ns I t s ttartruncnt age ins t in^epfrnr'cr.t

thinkinr-

http://cO.ol-.3r.rc

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»f*. iNM* to-fttthjfct coo^Bt t*v Kikuyu independent school f^ptcjittttc^^teT m t c thc r c r e v o l t r r e fna t the wFc pcrtlculr-r p i s s ion . I t wca a lcr^nork o r

i W ^ ^ f C rrwK iwcpcwVirt achoola btvc *x>o» clo rUSni thc r e r r "feu Mcv" i n s t i t u t i o n .

/.*Yicr ^3 i r p o r t c r t in the WorV to

4

Joseph S t a l i n wag e men of f r c s t i n t e l l e c t u a l a b i l i t y , a profound t r fokt*r . He i:sd the r r e * t o s t love fc^r h o w n *«Jxif» There i s not i slrj*le r />er* o** tho l i f e of the people ebiofe escape>: h i s nvtent ion.

Orn of theso wad h:£ f a i n * work en ~he ft^Ic:>al en'* Cc*-c;/'%: rucHtlrn* Sfv/.i 5'illr. I s r a e l * - m box?: a tttftfU* of r*: C*T *c. s^d n a t i o n a l i t y ^o V . J £ Orcr^ian, and ufcder ir© Vz*iz\r* :-nre viv>le-/» of ne t j / r r^ l e raoc ip i t io i i . Jut Stul ir . uia :*oJ. fiputce'clMifcafcg probleae e s a j ja t ivr .a l i^U Hia xoyrJl.v van tx? t.:-» Vo»vtag d&zs^af a l l ictifit?I*:)', crjj'r.ri excr i rc^ the proVl^.* of r&tidncXian^t9&r uhe polut of view of th-.lv r e l a t i o n s h i p t n t ; ,< r i r t e rn i t ion iP . ? aocur "KTYL cw: .t •

Nations, h e b o i d a rc rc from a j - \ r i i c u l a r Jwriod 01 bi*:.wry - the period of C f p i t a l i r r , -But r o t fill na t ions were eqtv-lly developed. Those which ware mor^ edvareod, .colonised a id ojpreanod tho p^opl^ of cV.ior co'T+rl©a# Basing hisftalf on t\\c theory of Ifcrx, t h a t , "no nat ion which oppreeeea o the r s can i t s e l f be "rofc"; S t a l i n declared t h a t the labour aovemrnt in tho dominart count r ies rus t p o s i t i v e l y a l l y i t s e l f with th^ ac t i ona l l i b e r a t i o n movements in the colonies* Tbey bed a coannor oncry - draperir.lisnu But t o fors* aucfe an a l l i a n c e , tbo workir.f clostf bed to adopt a poc i t i vc pol icy on the vfco3< ques+ion of rc7.e*fions Vtwoon n r t i o n s .

" Inpcria 1 isn cernot l i ve Without violence end plunder , withe t bloodshed and sboo t inp , " wrote S ta l in*

"Tha+ la tho law of e a n i t a l i s n - t o beat the weak and backwerd. The. wolf law o f c a p i t a l i s m . You arc hackvard, you a r c veal ' , there fore vou-arc in the wronp, the re fo re yjh: can >>c beaten end su^ju*»tcd« You arc ,powerfu l , therefore

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- M -

the right , therefor© ono wurt beware of you*"

i M t c lass ic worV, ^Economic Prohlcns of the U.S.S.R*,* he shoved how the basic nconomic

bfcpitalis*, the a< arch for •aximm p r o m • — - - » ,

*Hiiou*b tb* ci.diffvcBier.t and systematic rc'brry of- ihe peoples of other countries, osp*eiall? hnck-ward eount?res. ..J. It ir precisely the necessity Of aeevring thc-s&xlmua profits that drives tbbropcly, capitali3» to such ripky undertakings.as the rftslayc-•cnt.ond systematic plunder of colonics arid other "backward countr ies /

-jR&widcrinf? current even*o in Konvs:-, *wc may n.nnirrir'' Stal la*s words o^ 19?*7, or. t r oc :.nsi >r. >-' the Br i t ! 'V-brrvc* |NV4*0t&t- of Chianp Kr.K^ck;

•

•British capi ta l Isa V*.* .always-boor/ 1%, and wi l l qjantimx: to be tK EK\S* v i l r-xecu*. ioooi *>f ;.,h W'-TC ?re^i , i v -v ' ?-\r i"e f weru*-*»ti>n' o*' i~x' ..:.*i~n*.

*ffetfat c p o l ^ i c a " > 3r*ci"l;&*a did rot i-v.r a s -pect rt»t the a l o l H i o n c»f rr»tir»ryul oopr'."si-v- -~. lor-po i s if.ccncclii-*lo vith-uit 'Acc.nhr.cipcti. n of the colonic] peoples of Asic and Africa fro".

- 25 -

t>e ounreasion o^ ipfceri£llsru , ,

In tVIs sphere Stclfc caaertet* the rin-bt of nr t iona t o r-det/rrirc+ion* ' H« outlined tfcnt -the r i ^ t e o* w . i > •rriirctior r r r r s Vint onlv the nrtion i t ae?* V : B tfte * I 0 i t ^otondr.r i*s '"Vs+ir*^ thc t no one hrs the r i ^h t 7orci*»ly tr tw'Ti-e in the \l+ 0* the nr**

• T. I 3 t It A T I 0 F •

will appear ten tines nmue^Jy*

Irice !t/- per copy,post frm*

J l r t i^es end le t te r s are invi t -ed on c£l Betters related to

democratic •pc*opress«

Printed end Punished ty D. Tloooe, l6« %lor Jtomw, Jeppe Street, Jobenaegburg*