environmentclearance.nic.inenvironmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/EIA/040420188...Template No. 5-0000-0001-T2 Rev. 1 Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved i Document No. A967-1742-EI-1801

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PROPOSED BSVI AND MEG/ERU FACILITIES OF

PARADIP REFINERY

INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

REPORT NO. A967-1742-EI-1801

April 2018

Template No. 5-0000-0001-T2 Rev. 1 Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved

i

Document No. A967-1742-EI-1801

Rev. No. 0 Page i of v

EIA STUDY FOR INSTALLATION OF ETHYLENE RECOVERY AND MONO ETHYLENE GLYCOL UNITS/

BSVI MS/HSD FACILITIES AT PARADIP REFINERY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL.No. CONTENTS PAGE No.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………….…………................... (I – XV)

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT 3

1.2 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECTS 4

1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT 5

1.4 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY 5

1.5 FRAME WORK OF ASSESSMENT 5

1.6 METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6

CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.0 INTRODUCTION 10

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION 10

2.2 OVERVIEW OF EXISTING REFINERY CUM PETROCHEMICAL 11

2.3 PROCESS UNIT DETAILS 11

2.4 UTILITIES 14

2.5 SUMMARY OF SULFUR BALANCE DATA (BEFORE AND AFTER BS-VI) 14

2.6 NEW PROCESS UNITS/ REVAMP UNDER PROPOSED PROJECT 15

CHAPTER 3: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 30

3.1 METEOROLOGY 30

3.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 32

3.3 NOISE LEVEL SURVEY 37

3.4 WATER QUALITY 41

3.5 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS 47

3.6 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 51

3.7 MARINE ENVIRONMENT 64

3.8 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS 69

CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 76

4.1 METHODOLOGY 76

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 79

4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 80

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 86

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 88

4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT 90

4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 92

4.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 93

4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS 96

CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE

5.0 PROJECT CONFIGURATION FOR MEG/ERU UNITS 98

5.1 PROJECT CONFIGURATION BS VI MS/HSD UNITS 98

CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.0 INTRODUCTION 100

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE 100

6.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING 100

6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 101

6.4 OPERATION PHASE 102



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EIA STUDY FOR INSTALLATION OF ETHYLENE RECOVERY AND MONO ETHYLENE GLYCOL UNITS/ BSVI MS/HSD FACILITIES AT PARADIP REFINERY

6.5 RESPONSIBILITY OF MONITORING AND REPORTING SYSTEM 105

6.6 SUBMISSION OF MONITORING REPORTS TO MoEF 105

CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 107

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 107

7.2 CRZ STUDY 107

7.3 MARINE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 108

7.4 OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLAN OF SANTRA CREEK 113

7.5 RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR BS VI – IOCL PARADIP 120

CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY 123

8.2 ADDITIONAL PRODUCTION OF MEG, MS & HSD 123

8.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 123

CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 125

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT PLANNING PHASE 125

9.3 MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 129

9.4 ENVIRONMENT CELL 129

9.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE 130

9.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 132

9.7 ENTERPRISE SOCIAL COMMITMENT 133

9.8 GREEN BELT-MANGROVE PLANTATION 134

9.9 BUDGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 136

CHAPTER 10: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

10.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 140

10.2 ESTABLISHMENT 140

10.3 EIL’S VISION 141

10.4 EIL’S MISSION 141

10.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL 141

10.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL 141

10.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL 141

10.8 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL 141



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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No.

Table 1.1 Capacities of various Units at Paradip Refinery 2

Table 2.1 Unit Details 12

Table 2.2 Product Pattern of Refinery 13

Table 2.3 Estimated SO2 Emissions in the Plant after BS-VI MEG & ERU project

14

Table 2.4 Sulphur Balance in the Refinery after BS-VI / MEG & ERU 15

Table 2.5 Material Balance for MEG/ERU Units 16

Table 2.6 Gaseous effluent for ER & MEG Block 20

Table 2.7 Gaseous effluent for ER & MEG Block 20

Table 2.8 Solid Effluent for ER & MEG Block 21

Table 2.9 Units to be installed for BS VI MS/HSD 22

Table 2.10 Existing and Proposed Product Slate 23

Table 2.11 Off-sites for BS VI MS & HSD Facilities 23

Table 2.12 Overall Additional Utilities requirements 25

Table 2.13 Water Balance for 15 MMTPA 25

Table 2.14 FRESH WATER CONSUMPTION PROJECTION 28

Table 3.1 Climatological Data, Imd Paradip Port (1989-2004) 30

Table 3.2 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 33

Table 3.3 Techniques Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 34

Table3.4(a) Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results (March – May 2015) 34

Table3.4(b) Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results (March – May 2015) 35

Table3.4(c) Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results (March – May 2015) 35

Table3.4(d) Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results (March – May 2015) 36

Table 3.5 Ambient Air Quality – March to May 2017 36

Table 3.6 Details of Noise Monitoring Locations 38

Table 3.7 Noise Levels [Db (A)] in the Study Area 40

Table 3.8 Details of Water Sampling Locations 42

Table 3.9 Surface Water Quality 43

Table 3.10 Ground Water Quality 44

Table 3.11 Treated Water Quality (March – May 2017) 46

Table 3.12 Soil Sampling Locations 47

Table 3.13 Soil Analysis Results 49

Table 3.14 Standard Soil Classification 50

Table 3.15 Terrestrial Ecological Sampling Locations 52

Table 3.16 List of Trees in the Paradip Region 53

Table 3.17 List of Shrubs in the Region 56

Table 3.18 List of Herbs in the Region 57

Table 3.19 List of Climbers in the Region 59

Table 3.20 List of Avi-Fauna in the Region 60

Table 3.21 List of Fauna in the Region 61

Table 3.22 Details of Aquatic Sampling Locations 62

Table 3.23 List of Fresh Water Fish in the Study Area 62

Table 3.24 List of Phytoplankton in the Study Area 63

Table 3.25 List of Zooplankton in the Study Area 64

Table 3.26 List of Algae Observed in the Study Area 64

Table 3.27 Water and Sediment Characteristics 65

Table 3.28 List of Marine Fish in the Study Area 66

Table 3.29 Species Wise and Yearwise Marine Fish Landing in Fishing Harbour, Paradip (IN MT)

66

Table 3.30 Species Diversity Index of Marine Fish of the Study Area 67



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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No.

Table 3.31 Distribution of Population 70

Table 3.32 Distribution of Population by Social Structure 70

Table 3.33 Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates 71

Table 3.34 Occupational Structure 72

Table 3.35 Patients Treated from January 2012-October 2012 72

Table 3.36 Maternity Cases 73

Table 3.37 Patients Treated in each Category of Disease 73

Table 4.1 Matrix for Evaluating Spatial criteria 77

Table 4.2 Matrix for Evaluating Temporal criteria 78

Table 4.3 Matrix for Evaluating Significance 78

Table 4.4 Impact Identification Matrix 79

Table 4.5 Impact of Air Emissions (construction phase) 80

Table 4.6 Emissions from new units of BS VI 82

Table 4.7 Resultant GLC (SOx) 82

Table 4.8 Predicted values of GLC for NOx 84

Table 4.9 Impact of Air Emissions (operation phase) 84

Table 4.10 Impact of Water Consumption (construction phase) 86

Table 4.11 Impact of Effluent Generation (construction phase) 87

Table 4.12 Impact of Water Consumption (operation phase) 87

Table 4.13 Impact of Effluent Generation (operation phase) 88

Table 4.14 Sound Pressure (noise) levels of Construction Machinery 89

Table 4.15 Impact on Ambient Noise (construction phase) 89

Table 4.16 Impact on Ambient Noise (operation phase) 90

Table 4.17 Impact on Land Use & Topography (construction phase) 90

Table 4.18 Impact on Soil Quality (construction phase) 91

Table 4.19 Impact on Soil Quality (operation phase) 92

Table 4.20 Impact on Biological Environment (construction phase) 92

Table 4.21 Impact on Biological Environment (operation phase) 93

Table 4.22 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (construction phase) 94

Table 4.23 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (operation phase) 96

Table 4.24 Summary of Impact Evaluation in terms of Significance Value 96

Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme – Construction Phase 102

Table 6.2 Proposed Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase 104

Table 7.1 Water and Sediment Characteristics 109

Table 7.2 List of Marine Fish in the Study Area 110

Table 7.3 Species Wise And Yearwise Marine Fish Landing in Fishing Harbour, Paradip (IN MT)

110

Table 7.4 Species Diversity Index of Marine Fish of the Study Area 111

Table 9.1 Indian Environmental Legislation/Rules 125

Table 9.2 Elements of HSE Management System during EPC Phase 130

Table 9.3 (a) Expenditure plan for the financial year 2016-17 136

Table 9.3 (b) Expenditure plan for the financial year 2017-18 137

Table 9.4 Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Construction Phase) 137

Table 9.5 Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Operation Phase) 138



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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Description Page No.

Figure 2.1 Location Map of Existing Refinery cum petrochemical 10

Figure 2.2 Process Block Flow Diagram 13

Figure 2.3 Process Flow Diagram of ERU 16

Figure 2.4 Process Flow Diagram of MEG Unit 18

Figure 2.5 Overall Plot Plan indicating BS VI MS/HSD and MEG/ERU facilities 24

Figure 2.6 Process Flow Diagram for ETP 26

Figure 3.1 Wind Rose Diagram (January to March 2017) 31

Figure 3.2 Ambient Air Quality Locations 33

Figure 3.3 Noise Monitoring Locations 39

Figure 3.4 Surface Water Sampling Locations 42

Figure 3.5 Ground Water Sampling Locations 47

Figure 3.6 Soil Sampling Location 50

Figure 3.7 Photographs Showing Ecological Survey 69

Figure 3.8 Socio Economic Survey 74

Figure 4.1 Isopleth for SOx 83

Figure 4.2 Isopleth for NOx 85

Figure 6.1 Environment- Organogram 101

Figure 7.1 Photographs Showing Ecological Survey 112

Figure 10.1 EIL Accreditation Certificate by NABET 143

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure No. Annexure Title

I. APPROVED TOR ALONG WITH AMENDMENT LETTER

II. RO-MoEF CERTIFIED COPY

III. THE DETAILED MAPS FOR CRZ STUDY

IV. CRZ CLEARANCE LETTER

V. DETAILED RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR MEG & ERU

VI. DETAILED RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR BS-VI FUEL QUALITY UP-GRADATION FACILITIES


i Document No.

A967-EI-1742-1801 Rev. No. 0

Page i of xv

EIA STUDY FOR DEBOTTLENECKING OF REFINERY FACILITIES OF M/S BHARAT

OMAN REFINERIES LIMITED

EIA STUDY FOR INSTALLATION OF ETHYLENE RECOVERY AND MONO ETHYLENE GLYCOL UNITS/ BSVI MS/HSD

FACILITIES AT PARADIP REFINERY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


Document No. A967-EI-1742-1801

Rev. No. 0

Page ii of xv



1.0 Executive Summary

The Executive Summary covers the following topics in brief: 1. Project Description 2. Description of Environment 3. Baseline data collection 4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation measures 5. Environmental Monitoring Programme 6. Environment Management Plan 7. Additional studies 8. Project Benefits

1.1 Project Description

IOCL is currently operating a 15 MMTPA grass root refinery cum petrochemical complex at Paradip in the State of Odisha, India at a distance of approx. 5 KM from Paradip Port. Objectives: 1. Production of fiber grade Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) of capacity of 332 KTPA. Raw

Material for MEG production is ethylene and oxygen.

2. Setting up of ERU of 180 KTPA for Ethylene recovery from FCC off-gas. 3. Setting up of Di-ethylene glycol (DEG) of 24 KTPA & tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) of 1.0

KTPA. 4. Up-gradation for producing BS-VI quality fuels by inducting new units and/or revamp of

existing units and facilities for implementation of 100% BS-VI MS & HSD from 1st April 2020.

To meet the BS VI specification of MS & HSD, units proposed is given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Proposed Units for BSVI quality Fuel Project

S.No. Unit Proposed capacity KTPA

1 ISOM - new 1100

2 Indmax – GDS –new 1150

3 Hydrogen Generation Unit – new 2 X 60

4 Kero de-sulphurisation - new 300

5 DHDT-existing 20% revamp

IOCL entrusted the task of preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study to M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL). EIL is an accredited consultant for carrying out EIA studies by Quality Council of India in 5(c) & 4(a) category i.e. Petrochemical Complexes & Petroleum refining industry. The proposed facilities are to be located as part of the existing refinery & petrochemical complex of IOCL at Town/City: Abhaychandrapur, Paradip, Distt: Jagatsinghpur, Orissa. The site is at minimum 3.91 m above Indian mean sea level (IMSL) which corresponds to the site recorded flood level.



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Total estimated project cost for installation of ERU and MEG units is Rs.3752 crores and for BS-VI fuel quality project is Rs. 4049 Crores. The proposed MEG /ERU project would be commissioned within 39/40 months & BS-VI facilities is expected to be mechanically completed by Spt’2019.

1.2 Existing Environmental Status

The description of the existing environmental status of the study area is summarized here.

1.2.1 Air Environment

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, O3, CO, Lead, Arsenic, Nickel, Ammonia and Benzene at nine different locations during March – May 2015 and were further validated with data collected for the month of March – May 2017. The maximum value for PM2.5 is observed at Abhaychandrapur (AAQ4) station, as 27.6 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Bijaychandrapur village (AAQ7) station as 15.9 µg/m3 during the study period. However, all the results were within the NAAQS limits 60 µg/m3 as specified for Industrial area.

The maximum value for PM10 is observed at Chunabelar village (AAQ2) station, as 51.9 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Siju village (AAQ9) station as 31.4 µg/m3 during the study period. However, all the results were within the NAAQS limits 100 µg/m3 as specified for Industrial area. . The maximum value for SO2 is observed to be 20.6 µg/m3 at Chunabelar village (AAQ2) station with the minimum value observed at Bagdia village (AAQ8) and as 12.5 µg/m3 during the study period. However, all the results were within the NAAQS limits 100 µg/m3 as specified for Industrial area. The maximum value for NOx is observed at Niharunikandla village (AAQ5) station, as 23.4 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Bagdia village (AAQ8) as 15.1 µg/m3 during the study period. However, all the results were within the NAAQS limits 100 µg/m3 as specified for Industrial area. The maximum value for CO is observed at Bauribalanda village (AAQ6) station as 428 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Siju village (AAQ9), station as 224 µg/m3 during the study period. The maximum value for O3 is observed at Siju village (AAQ9), as 9.9 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Pipal village (AAQ3) station as 2.5 µg/m3 during the study period Lead concentration observed <0.05 ng/m3 in all the sampling locations. Arsenic concentration observed <0.02 ng/m3 in all the sampling locations. All parameters were found well within permissible limits prescribed by NAAQS 2009. Details given in Chapter-3.

1.2.2 Water Environment:

Water samples were collected from six (6) ground water and four (4) surface water sampling locations during March – May 2015.



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(a) Surface Water Quality:

The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 7.3 to 8.2, which is well within the specified standard of 6.8 to 8.5. The maximum pH of 8.2 was observed at Pond near by Railway Station and the minimum pH of 7.3 was observed at Taldanda Canal. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration are found to be ranging in between 400 to 5495 mg/l. Maximum TDS was observed to be at Mahanadi River and minimum TDS was observed at Pond near by Railway station. Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 120 to 950 mg/l. The maximum hardness (950 mg/l) was observed at Mahanadi River, and the minimum (120 mg/l) was observed at Pond near by Railway station. Nitrates are found varying in between 0.9 to 12.6 mg/l and found to be well within the permissible limits. Potassium found ranging in between 2.0 to 47.8mg/l. The Heavy metals are found to be below detectable limits.

(b) Ground Water Quality The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 6.6 to 8.0, which is well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The maximum pH of 8.0 was observed at Abhaychandrapur village and the minimum pH of 6.6 was observed at Chunabelar village. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration are found to be ranging in between 273 to 1284 mg/l. Maximum TDS was observed to be at Jhimani village and minimum TDS was observed at Abhaychandrapur village. Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 101 to 163 mg/l. The maximum hardness was observed at Bauriabalanda village and the minimum was observed at Abhaychandrapur village). Nitrates are found varying in between 2.1 to 10.9 mg/l and found to be well within the permissible limits. Potassium found ranging in between 2.8 to 25.6 mg/l. The Heavy metals are found to be below detectable limits.

1.2.3 Noise Environment: Noise levels were monitored at 9 different locations within the study area.

Day time Noise Levels (Lday) The day time noise levels at all the residential locations were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB (A). The noise levels ranged between 38.7dB (A) to 48.0 dB (A). Night time Noise Levels (Lnight) The night time noise levels at all the residential locations were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 45 dB (A). The noise levels ranged between 35.0 dB (A) to 42.2 dB (A).

Noise levels measured near by the existing refinery cum petrochemical complex boundary were reported to be below the stipulated noise standards for industrial areas.



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1.2.4 Soil Environment:

For studying soil profile of the region, seven soil sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area. It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly clay to sandy clay in the study area. It has been observed that the pH of the soil ranged from 6.2 to 8.4.

The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 44.1-6000 µS/cm, with the maximum observed at Bauriabalanda and the minimum at Rangiagarh during the study period. The phosphorus values ranged between 17.2 – 298.1Kg/ha. The maximum value 298.1Kg/ha was found at Rangiagarh area and the minimum value 17.2 Kg/ha at Abhaychandrapur. The phosphorous values are more than sufficient quantity i.e. >80 as per standard soil classifications. The nitrogen values ranged between 13.9 – 110.8 Kg/ha. The maximum value was observed at Bauribalanda village. The minimum value was observed at Abhaychandrapur village (S6). The maximum value of nitrogen is coming within a range of 101-150 good as per standard soil classification. The potassium values ranged between 84.1-857.4 kg/ha. The maximum value was found at Bauribalanda village and the minimum value was observed at Rangiagarh village. The potassium values are more than sufficient quantity i.e. >360 as per standard soil classifications.

1.2.5 Biological Environment:

The area is extremely rich in vegetation. The luxuriant green leaves covered the areas. In the village area, Acanthus, Pandanus, Opuntia etc, form dense bush. Different species of Pandanus are very common by the side of village road. In the sea beach area, casuarinas form a beautiful green forest, which is called casuarina association. The plantation programme around the coastal region is basically Casuarina species, which also grows naturally in abundance. Different species of Acacia are also frequently found along with Coconut palms, Betel nut palm etc. Along with these, Terminalia, Ailanthus, Eucalyptus, Borassus, Zyzyphus, Tectona etc are also noteworthy. Terrestrial Fauna within Study area. Common drongo, house swift and house crow among avi fauna and Jackal, monkey and wild pig among mammals were observed within the study area.

1.2.6 Socio-economic conditions:

As per 2011 census the study area consisted cumulative population in the study area is 180608 with 91436 males and 89172 females. The percentage of sex ratio of the study area was found to be at 97.52%. In the study area, about 24.97% of the population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 0.64% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). The study area experiences a literacy rate of 77.12%.The male literacy i.e. the percentage of literate males to the total males of the study area works out to be 54.19%. The female



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literacy rate, which is an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 45.80% in the study area. As per the survey and 2011 census records altogether the main workers works out to be 24.48% of the total population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 10.93% and 64.58% of the total population respectively.

1.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project during construction and

operational phases of the project on various environmental components have been identified and are given in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2: Impact Identification Matrix

Physical Biological Socio-economic

Activities

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CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Site preparation * * * * * *

Civil works * * * *

Heavy equipment operations

* *

Disposal of construction wastes

*

Generation/disposal of sewerage

* *

Transportation of materials

* *

OPERATION PHASE

Commissioning of Process units, utilities and offsite

* * *

Product handling and storage

*

Emissions &Waste management – Air, liquid and solid waste

* * *

Impacts have been assessed considering spatial, temporal, intensity and vulnerability scales and its overall significance value is given in Table 1.3.



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Table 1.3: Impact Assessment Summary

Environmental component Construction Operation

Air Low Low

Water Consumption of Raw Water Low Low Generation of Effluent Low Low

Land Land use & Topography Low -

Soil Quality Low Low

Noise Low Low

Biological Low Low

Socio-Economic Low Low

1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 1.4.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase Impacts (Significance - Low)

Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and movement of vehicles on unpaved roads.

PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel engines of machineries and vehicles.

Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.

Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used.

Implementing dust control activities such as water sprinkling on unpaved sites.

Controlling vehicle speed on site.

Operation Phase Impacts (Significance - Low) The present SO2 emission from the IOCL complex is less than 1000 Kg/hr. There will be additional release 12.9 kg/hr emissions due to new units under BS VI Project. However, the total emission after proposed projects will be within 1000 Kg/hr (including MEG/ERU & BS VI project). There will be no change in the upper limit of 1000 kg/hr. of SO2 emission after proposed projects of BSVI and MEG & ERU. The maximum GLC’s for SO2 & NOx is predicted as 21.84 µg/m3 and 28.53 µg/m3 respectively, which are well within the standard limits for 24 hourly average for industrial area

i.e. 80 g/m3.

Mitigation measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.

Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.

Provision of Low NOx burners is envisaged in all furnaces.



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1.4.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase

Impacts (Significance – Low)

The effluent streams will be generated regularly that will comprise of sewage, grey water from site area and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area.

Mitigation Measures

Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage.

Developing the possibility for increasing the amount of treated effluent from existing ETP.

Operation Phase


For existing IOCL facilities, the allocated raw water quantity is 6014 m3/hr. Additional water of 824 m3/hr will be required for the proposed BSVI and MEG & ERU projects. Approval for water withdrawal from Mahanadi Barrage has been obtained for 3950 m3/hr from water authority of Govt. of Odisha. Hence there will be no separate permission is required for the proposed projects.

There shall be 52 m3/hr of waste water generation from the proposed BSVI and MEG & ERU Projects which will be treated in the existing Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP).

Mitigation Measures

Developing the possibility for maximum recycle from existing ETP. 1.4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase


Noise generation due to operation of heavy equipment and machinery, movement of heavy vehicles in site preparation and civil works.

Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles. Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low) Noise level measurements were carried out in day and night times at numerous locations around the existing operating units within the refinery cum petrochemical complex . No additional impact is envisaged. Mitigation Measures

Provision of ear muffs at the high noise areas




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1.4.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase


Generation of debris/construction material, but being the modifications limited to existing area, the generation of such waste shall be minimal.

Mitigation Measures

Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water drainage.

Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material handling plan for the construction phase.

Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low)

Spent Catalyst after every 3-4 years will be generated. Mitigation Measures

Logging the details of waste sent back to manufacturer/Environment friendly way of disposal.

. 1.4.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase Impacts (Significance –Low)

The impact of construction activities on fauna will be insignificant due to proposed construction activities are within existing refinery cum petrochemical complex.

Mitigation Measures:

Development of green belt during construction phase. Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low)

The impacts due to proposed project activities during operation phase shall be insignificant due to minimal additional air emissions.

Mitigation measures

Maintain the greenbelt already developed.



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1.4.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase Impacts (Significance – Low)

Transport requirements will arise during the construction phase due to the movement of both the personnel and materials.

An impact on basic necessities like shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical facilities for the temporary workers and truck drivers.

The majority of skilled and unskilled laborers are available in the impact area itself, the incremental effect on housing during the construction phase will be minimal.

Mitigation measures

Conducting awareness programs for workers.

Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy vehicles and machinery.

Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week will be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning.

Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites.

Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for security.

Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low)

Employment generation, effects on transport and other basic infrastructure.

Transport requirements will arise due to the movement of both the personnel and materials.

Mitigation measures

Extending reach of CSR Program.

Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles. 1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING PROGRAM

Budget has been estimated for implementation of environmental management plan during construction and operational phases and is given in Table 1.4(a) & (b).

Table 1.4 (a): Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Construction Phase)

S.No. Activity Capital Cost in

Lakhs (Rs.) Recurring Cost in Lakhs

per Annum (Rs.)

1.0 Air Environment

1.1 Development of Green Belt 50 15

1.2 Ambient air quality Monitoring 3.5

2.0 Noise Environment

2.1 Development of Green Belt Included in 1.1 Included in 1.1

2.2 Noise Monitoring 2.5

3.0 Water Environment

3.1 Water Monitoring 3.5



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per Annum (Rs.)

4.0 Land Environment


4.2 Solid waste management tracking and development of manure pits

2.5 1.0

5.0 Biological Environment


6.0 Enterprise Social Responsibility

6.1 Social development activities in terms of Skill Development / Empowerment, Education/Literacy Enhancement, Healthcare/ Medical facility, Drinking water/ Sanitation, Community Development etc.

90.0 10.0

Total Amount 142.5 35.5

Table 1.4 (b): Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Operation Phase)

Sl.No. Activity Capital Cost in

Lakhs (Rs.)

Recurring Cost in Lakhs per Annum

(Rs.)

1.0 Air Environment

1.1 Development of Green Belt 100.0 10.0

1.2 Stack Emissions 8.0

1.3 Ambient Air Monitoring 12.0

1.4 VOC monitoring 14.0

1.5 AMC for Pollution Control Analyzers 35.0



2.2 Ear Plugs, Ear Muff, Soft Sponge 0.5

2.3 OHC staff for noise monitoring 25.0



3.1 Rain water harvesting pits 10

3.2 Water Quality Monitoring 2.0





Total Amount 110 109

The proposed environmental monitoring program is mentioned in the below Table 1.6a and

Table 1.6b.



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Table 1.6 a: Environmental Monitoring Program (Construction Phase)

Component

Parameters Location / Frequency of Monitoring No. of

Samples / month

Air

SO2, NOx, PM10 & PM2.5

(As per NAAQS 2009 standards)

At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant boundary. Twice in a month (except monsoon)

4

Water

Surface Water: CPCB surface water

criteria; Ground Water:

IS:10500

One surface water in the project site per month. Two Ground Water: One Up-gradient and One Down-gradient of project site per month.

1 (SW) 2 (GW)

Noise Noise Levels Leq

(A)

At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant boundary. Twice in a month

4

Soil As per standard

practice At one location, in the project site. Once in a month.

1

Table 1.6 b: Environmental Monitoring Program (Operation Phase)

Sl.No. Potential impact Action to be Followed

Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

1 Air Emissions

Stack emissions to be optimized and monitored.

Gaseous emissions (SOx, PM, CO, NOx).

Once in two month

Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed unit and nearby habitations to be monitored. Exhaust from vehicles to be minimized by use of fuel efficient vehicles and well maintained vehicles having PUC certificate.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx

As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement or on monthly basis

Measuring onsite data of Meteorology

Wind speed, direction, temp., relative humidity and rainfall.

Continuous

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent Possible.

Daily records

2 Noise Noise generated from operation of DG set to be optimized and monitored. DG sets are to be provided at basement with acoustic enclosures.

Spot Noise Level recording; Leq(night), Leq(day), Leq(dn)

Once in a month

Generation of vehicular noise

Periodic (during operation phase)

3 Water Quality

Monitoring groundwater quality and levels around PDR complex

Comprehensive monitoring as per IS 10500

Once in a month



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4 Wastewater Discharge

No untreated discharge to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil. The cleaning water shall be routed to nearby ETP.

No discharge hoses in vicinity of water courses.

Once in a month

Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such that soil and groundwater resources are protected.

Discharge norms for effluents as per ETP norms

Once in a month

5 Maintenance of flora and fauna

Vegetation and greenbelt / green cover development.

Once in three months

6 Health

Regular health check-ups for employees and migrant labourers

All relevant parameters including audiometry

Regular check ups

7 Energy Usage

Energy usage power generation, air conditioning and other activities to be minimized. Conduct annual energy audit for the terminals

Annual audits and periodic checks during operational phase

1.6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 1.6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

After detailed deliberation, the Expert Appraisal Committee of Industry-2 exempted the Public hearing is under section 7 (ii) of EIA Notification, 2006 for the proposed MEG/ ERU and BSVI and Projects.

1.6.2 CRZ STUDY

The pipeline bridge crossing the creek comes under the purview of CRZ notification 2011. Accordingly a separate study was carried out by M/s Anna University, Chennai to develop CRZ map on a scale of 1: 4000.

1.6.3 MARINE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The Paradip Refinery cum petrochemical complex of Indian Oil Corporation Limited located at Paradip, Odisha is spread over in an area which is divided by the Santra Creek into two parts, namely North side & South side. Major process units are situated in the South side of the creek and products / intermediate feed storage tanks are located in the north side. Transfer of the products and intermediates including utilities required for the processes (i.e steam, air, Nitrogen, water etc.) flow from one side the creek to the other in carrier pipelines crossing the creek either for secondary processing or storage in tanks in the north side or for loading in vessels in Jetty located in areas under Paradip Port Trust for shipment. Complete Details are given in Chapter-7 as Additional Studies. Summary of the lines for Creek Crossing through the existing bridge over Santra Creek (Simplex Bridge) is given in Table 1.7.



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Table 1.7: Summary of lines for Creek Crossing

Description Pipeline Duties Line sizes (Diameter)

Pipe Rack -1(East side of the Bridge)

Utility lines - 23 Intermediate feed lines – 9 Product lines -5

50 mm – 600 mm

Pipe Rack -2 (West side of the Bridge)

Utility lines -13 Intermediate feed lines – 16 Product lines -16

The impact in the context of above and fishery resources in the area is not considered to be significant as the construction in the creek is for minimal period.

The impact of closed conveyor passing through the creek would have least impact on the aquatic ecological status as there will be no spillage in this area. Details are given in Chapter-7 as Additional Studies.

Recommendation of OCZMA: The Odisha Coastal zone Management Authority (OCZMA) has been granted a CRZ clearance as per the provision of CRZ notification, 2011 vides letter no. 15/OCZMA; dated: 11.01.2018. And the same has also been discussed with MoEF & CC,Govt.of India with the following recommendations: “The project proponent shall take necessary steps to prevent any liquid hydrocarbon falling on the water body of the creek from the pipelines (hydrocarbon) passing over the bridge of Santa Creek by creating a tray like barrier below the pipelines which can hold any leakage materials.”

1.6.5 RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT

Rapid Risk Assessment study was carried out for MEG, ERU By M/s Toyo & for BS VI – IOCL Paradip By M/s TKIS. Major recommendations and mitigation measures are given below: Ethylene Recovery Unit:

o H2S Gas Detectors with audio-visual alarms (beacons) to be provided in vicinity of equipment handling H2S gas.

o Sufficient number of Hydrocarbon gas detectors to be provided in the vicinity of pumps and equipment handling light hydrocarbon.

o Requirement of inventory isolation to be reviewed during detail engineering for vessels handling large amount of hydrocarbon.

o Catastrophic rupture scenario of De-ethylenizer Reflux drum shall be included in Disaster Management plan.



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Mono-Ethylene Glycol Unit:

o Sufficient number of Hydrocarbon gas detectors / Toxic Gas detector to be provided in the vicinity of pumps and equipment handling light hydrocarbon e.g. ethylene, ethylene oxide.

o Sub-station and SRR shall be positively pressurized to avoid ingress of any HC or Toxic gas inside these building.

o HC / Toxic Gas detector to be provided at sub-station and SRR air unit suction.

BS-VI Fuel Quality Up-gradation Facilities:

o The combined Risk Contour demonstrates that the general public is exposed to (as this is RRA which concentrates on general public) less than e-6 which is within Broadly Acceptable region. When compared with UK HSE Risk Acceptance Criteria as adapted by India.

o From the Risk Contours it is observed that in most cases of process units, the e-6 contour is contained within boundary limits of IOCL. And hence it is within acceptable limits.

o All the tanks are atmospheric and well within the boundary of the facility. Being liquid

the credible fire scenarios include Pool fire and full surface fire. The 37.5 kW heat radiations from these fires do not extend beyond facility boundary.

o F-N Curve: Since the risk more than E-5 is not extending beyond facility boundary,

the F-N curve is not relevant.

o All the tanks are atmospheric tanks. Being liquid the credible fire scenarios include Pool fire and full surface fire. It is noted that heat radiation (37.5 kW and 12 kW) from these fire does not travel beyond facility boundary.

o Company should get H2S zoning done in areas having high H2S.

1.7 PROJECT BENEFITS

The benefits of proposed project are as follows: The project would help in consolidating the glycol business of IOCL by way of producing low cost Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) based on Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) off gas. Setting of Mono ethylene glycol plant at Paradip would further enhance the combined MEG capacity for IOC to 332 kTPA. IOCL glycol production share in the market would increase and this would provide the competitive edge to Indian Oil on domestic glycol market, particularly enabling optimization of supply to different regions. Further, it would provide impetus to MEG demand growth in eastern India where the consumption is the lowest. BS VI MS & HSD project will cater the demand for cleaner BS VI grade fuels in the country which will help in reducing the impact of emissions to the environment.

EIA STUDY FOR INSTALLATION OF ETHYLENE

RECOVERY AND MONO ETHYLENE GLYCOL UNITS/ BSVI MS/HSD FACILITIES AT PARADIP REFINERY


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CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION






1.0 INTRODUCTION Indian Oil Corporation Limited (“IOCL”), is currently operating a 15 MMTPA grass root refinery cum petrochemical complex in first phase at Paradip in the State of Odisha, India

(“Project”) at a distance of approx. 5 KM from Paradip Port. Honourable Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi dedicated the refinery cum petrochemical complex to Nation on 7th February 2016. Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change (MOEFCC) accorded Environment clearance, vide letter dated Letter no. J-11011/70/2007-IA (II) (I) dated 6.7.2007and included the following units. The capacities of various units are given in Table 1.1 as below:

Table 1.1: Capacities of various Units at Paradip Refinery cum petrochemical complex

NAME OF UNIT CAPACITY

Crude/ Vacuum Distillation Unit 15.0 MMTPA

Delayed Coking Unit 4.1 MMTPA

Diesel Hydrotreating Unit 5.2 MMTPA

VGO Hydrotreatment Unit 5.4 MMTPA

Fluidised Catalytic Cracking Unit 4.2 MMTPA

Sulphur Recovery Unit 2 x 525 TPD+ 1 TGTU

Hydrogen Plant 72.8 TMTPA

Various Treating Units

Alkylation Unit 650 TMTPA

Polypropylene Unit 2 x 340 TMTPA

Paraxylene Unit (Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit, Continuous Catalytic Reformer, Xylene Isomerisation Unit, Parex Unit, Sulfolane Extraction Unit, Benzene/ Tolune Fractionation Unit, Tatory Unit (deferred)

1200 TMTPA of Paraxylene

Ethyl Benzene and Styrene Manomer Unit (deferred) 631 TMTPA

Captive power plant and cooling tower GT with HRSG(3* 102MW)STG(2*30MW)UB(4*300T/hr)Standby GT with

HRSG of 1*30MW (366MW,1200TPH)

Details of the treating and other unit capacities

LPG Treater 210 TMTPA

LPG Treater (Cracked LPG ) 1850 TMTPA

LPG Treater (Coker LPG ) 165 TMTPA

ATF (merox) 1200 TMTPA

SWS I +SWS II 227 +398 =625 m3/hr

ARU – Rich amine circulation rate 1*454.6 +1*898.5 =1353 m3/hr

Para – Xylene Unit , - Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit

1200 TMTPA

- Continuous Catalytic Reformer 3941 TMTPA

- Reformate splitter Unit (I&II) 2990 TMTPA

- Xylene Isomerization Unit ( 2 trains ) Part of Reformer 4246 ( Isomerate ) 1200PX

- Parex Unit capacity (2 trains) 963 part of sulfolane Unit






NAME OF UNIT CAPACITY

- Sulfonate Extraction Unit 2183 TMTPA

- Benzene / Toulene fractionation Unit , tatoray Unit

- Pet coke Evacuation through Rapid Railway Loading Sytem (RRLS).

1.3 MMTPA

Proposed facility

- MEG 332 TMTPA

- ERU 180 TMTPA

- DEG 24 TMTPA

- TEG 1 TMTPA

- BS-VI

ISOM - new 1100 TMTPA

Indmax – GDS –new 1150 TMTPA

HGU – new (Hydrogen product) 2 X 60 TMTPA

Kero de-sulphurisation - new 300 TMTPA

DHDT-existing 20% revamp

1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT

Based on the configuration study of ethylene derivatives, setting up MEG unit at Paradip has been identified as the best configuration. Accordingly, IOCL proposes to set up Ethylene Recovery Unit of 180 KTPA and Mono-Ethyl Glycol Unit of 332 KTPA and BS VI MS/HSD Facilities. The project comprises of following: 1. Ethylene Recovery Unit -- 180 TMTPA

2. Mono Ethylene Glycol Unit -- 332 TMTPA

3. Di-ethylene Glycol Unit – 24 TMTPA

4. Tri-ethylene Glycol Unit – 1 TMTPA

5. ISOM – 1100 TMTPA

6. Indmax GDS – 1150 TMTPA

7. HGU – 2 X 60 TMTPA

8. Kero HDS – 300 TMTPA

9. Revamp of Existing DHDT

10. The following utility streams shall be taken from Refinery cum petrochemical complex

Units:

a. Instrument Air, b. Plant Air, c. Steam, d. DM water, e. Boiler Feed Water, f. Power, g. Treated Raw Water

11. The following pipelines are proposed to cross the existing bridge over Santra Creek

(Simplex Bridge) of Santra Creek from Refinery south to north under the projects:






IOCL entrusted the task of carrying out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Risk Analysis/Assessment (RA) studies to M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL) for obtaining Environmental Clearance for proposed installation of ERU & MEG and BS VI MS/HSD units. The details of such assessment studies are given in the proceeding chapters. EIL is an accredited consultant for Category ‘A’ projects under 5(c) – Petrochemical Complexes, 4(a) – Petroleum Refining Industry for carrying out EIA studies by Quality Council of India.

1.2 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECTS 1.2.1 INSTALLATION OF ERU & MEG UNITS

Post implementation of Polypropylene project, the FCC INDMAX Unit of Paradip Refinery cum petrochemical complex will be operated in petrochemical mode for production of Propylene required as feed stock for PP unit. As per original design of FCCU, when the unit will be operated in petrochemical mode, the off gas from the unit will have a significant potential of ethylene. Accordingly, a new Ethylene recovery unit (ERU) (designed & process package by M/s CB&I Lummus) was envisaged along with the original Refinery cum petrochemical complex Petrochemical integrated facilities.

Accordingly, a market and configuration study of potential ethylene derivatives was undertaken through a market survey consultant, M/s IDS, New Delhi.

Based on the feasibility study and techno-economic analysis, Ethylene Glycol project at Paradip was found to be quite robust and attractive.

1.2.2 INSTALLATION OF BS VI MS/HSD FACILITIES The Refinery cum petrochemical complex can presently produce 100% BS-IV MS and HSD products with the current refinery cum petrochemical complex configuration. As per the Government of India’s Gazette notification dated 16th Sep’16, it has been proposed to implement BS-VI grade fuels in the entire country w.e.f. 1st April 2020. With present unit capacities and configuration, Paradip Refinery cum petrochemical complex is capable to produce only part quantity of BS-VI MS & HSD. Hence it is imperative that the Paradip Refinery cum petrochemical complex shall be suitably up-graded for producing BS-VI quality fuels by inducting new units and/or revamp of existing units.

Based on an in-house study carried out to estimate the unit capacities required for producing 100% BS-VI compliant MS and HSD products from Paradip Refinery cum petrochemical complex considering the existing crude processing capacity the proposed configuration is arrived.

Pipelines covered Diameter

Pipe Rack -1 (East side of the Bridge)

Utility - 23

Intermediate feed lines – 9

Product lines -5

50 mm – 600 mm

Pipe Ra(South side of the Bridge)

Utility -13

Intermediate feed lines – 16

Product lines -16






1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT

1.3.1 Address of the Project Proponent The correspondence address of the project proponent is:

Mr. L.N. Phukan

CGM-HSE Indian Oil Corporation Limited IOCL PARADIP REFINERY CUM PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX P.O. JHIMANI, PARADIP DIST JAGATSINGHPUR

1.3.2 Particulars of EIA Consultant

The EIA consultant is Engineers India Limited accredited by NABET/QCI. Details and certificate are given in Chapter 10. The complete address for correspondence is given below: Mr. RB Bhutda Head-Environment, Water & Safety Division Engineers India Limited Research & Development Complex, Sector-16, On NH-8 Gurugram – 122001, Haryana E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0124-3802034 Website: http://www.engineersindia.com

1.4 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY

The objectives of prescribed TOR for preparation of EIA study are as follows:

To establish environmental setting of the project in terms of site details, project description, products/chemicals its storage, safety measures and precautions taken during storage and transportation, pollution control devices/measures, emission summary, hazardous waste/chemicals management etc.

Use of the environmental status of the study area established for meteorology, air quality, water quality, noise, soil, ecology and Socio-economic aspects for March – May 2015.

Prediction and evaluation of the environmental impacts that may result from project development.

Outline the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the negative impacts, if any.

Risk assessment study.

1.5 FRAME WORK OF ASSESSMENT Based on the scope of work, guidelines generally followed for EIA studies and past experience of EIL on such industrial projects, a corridor encompassing of area within 10 km radius of proposed project location is considered as spatial frame for the impact assessment. Temporal frame of assessment has been chosen to reflect the impacts in two distinct phases of the project as:

a) Construction phase, and b) Operation Phase

Time frame and the type of impacts will be different for these phases of the project.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.engineersindia.com/






1.6 METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The methodology adopted for carrying out the Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion project is based on the Guidelines issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and EIL's past experience of similar jobs. An effective environmental assessment calls for establishing sufficient background data on various environmental components through reconnaissance survey, sampling and available literature survey etc. The methodology adopted in preparing this EIA report is outlined in the following sections:

1.6.1 PROJECT SETTING AND DESCRIPTION

In this section, Environmental setting of the existing refinery cum petrochemical complex and details of proposed facilities will be defined. The description also gives details of effluents (gaseous/liquid/solid/noise) generation sources. Coverage on environmental setting of the existing refinery cum petrochemical complex in terms of site details, project description, products, its storage, existing pollution control devices/measures, emission summary, hazardous waste/chemicals management etc. will be described.

1.6.2 IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACTS

In order to identify the impacts comprehensively, all the activities associated with the proposed project during the construction as well as operational phase are identified and listed. The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project on various environmental components such as air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna, land, socioeconomic, etc. has been identified using Impact Identification Matrix.

1.6.3 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION

Once the affected environmental parameters are identified, various environmental parameters of concern are identified to establish its baseline quality. Baseline data monitoring carried out during March to May 2015, collected by Orissa Industrial Development Corporation is considered. In addition data collected by IOCL during March to May 2017 is also included to establish ambient air quality.

1.6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION & EVALUATION

Impacts identified during construction and operation phases of the project have been evaluated with respect to spatial, temporal, intensity and vulnerability point of view. The significance value of impact on each component of environment is then categorised as high, medium and low.

1.6.5 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

In order to mitigate or minimise the negative impacts (if any) of the proposed project, an effective EMP is delineated. Therefore, in the final part of the report, the planning and implementation of various pollution abatement strategies including the proposed monitoring/surveillance network has been described. Detailed Environment Management Plan (EMP) with specific reference to monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound implementation plan for mitigation measure is formulated.






1.6.6 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT

An “Executive Summary” indicating a brief note on various chapters of EIA/RA is prepared which provides a statement on various environmental issues. Further, the contents and its coverage are explained below: Chapter-1: Introduction This chapter provides background information of the proposed facilities, scope, frame work & methodology of the study. Chapter-2: Project Description This chapter presents the details of the proposed project in terms of location, project configuration, utilities & off-sites, description of the resources required and emissions, solid waste and wastewater anticipated to be generated. Chapter-3: Description of Environment This chapter describes the existing baseline status of environment components collected for EIA study for pet coke project and current year data for air environment.

Chapter-4: Anticipated Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures This chapter describes the potential impacts of the proposed project and evaluates their significance based on parameters such as Intensity (I), spatial extension (Sp), temporal duration (T) and Environmental Vulnerability (V). Impact avoidance and mitigation measures are delineated. Chapter-5: Analysis of Alternatives This chapter describes the alternatives considered for selection for the proposed MEG/ERU units and BS VI facilities.

Chapter-6: Environment Monitoring Programme This chapter describes the details of the monitoring schedule to be implemented for checking the effectiveness of mitigation measures. It covers the parameters and its, frequency. Chapter-7: Additional Studies This chapter assesses the potential risks involved in the construction and operation of proposed facilities from this project and CRZ studies.

Chapter-8: Project Benefits This chapter presents the details of direct and indirect benefits due to proposed project.

Chapter-9: Environment Management Plan (EMP) This chapter describes the existing environmental management system, existing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), impact analysis & mitigation measures for various components of environment. It also includes organizational structure and resources planned for implementing the mitigation measures and monitoring schedule. Chapter-10: Disclosure of Consultants This chapter contains the details of various functional areas in which the consultant is expertise as per Quality Council of India (QCI) to conduct Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) studies as per the MoEFCC Guidelines.

1.6.7 MOEF APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA

The 1thReconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) (Industry-2) considered the proposal for approval of TOR for the proposed installation of ERU & MEG projects during






its meeting held on 26th December, 2016. Based on the review of the documents submitted and the presentation made by the IOCL, the Committee recommended the following Terms of Reference (TOR) vide letter no. J- 11011/344/2016-IA II (I) dated 28th February 2017 for incorporating the same in the EIA report. Further during 23rd meeting (3rd May 2017) of EAC (Industry 2), the proposal of installation of BS VI MS/HSD facilities were discussed. The EAC after detailed deliberation has recommended for amendment in the TOR letter No.: J- 11011/344/2016-IA II (I) dated 28th February 2017, with few additional conditions. EAC has also considered the request for considering baseline data collection for January – March 2017 and request for issue of combined TOR for MEG-ERU & BS-VI. The approved TOR for the installation of ERU & MEG project and the amendment TOR letter (including BS-VI facilities) granted dated 30th May’17 is attached in Annexure - I. RO-MoEF certificate has been received from Eastern Regional Office, Bhubaneswar vide letter no.101-260/EPE; dated: 09.02.2018. (Attached as Annexure – II).






CHAPTER – 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION






2.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the details of proposed project location, configuration, process description, utilities, environmental setting of the project etc.

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION

The proposed facilities are to be located as part of the existing refinery cum petrochemical of IOCL at Town/City: Abhaychandrapur, Paradip, Distt: Jagatsinghpur, Orissa. The site is at minimum 3.91 m above Indian mean sea level (IMSL) which corresponds to the site recorded flood level.

Location map indication the existing refinery cum petrochemical complex is presented in Figure 2.1.

Figure 2.1: Location Map of Existing Refinery cum petrochemical complex






2.2 OVERVIEW OF EXISTING REFINERY CUM PETROCHEMICAL

Paradip Refinery cum petrochemical configuration consists of Crude and Vacuum Distillation (CDU/ VDU) Unit, VGO-Hydrotreater Unit (VGO-HDT), DHDT Unit, FCC Unit (IND Max), Delayed Coker Unit (DCU), Alkylation Unit, NHT-CCR & associated utilities and off-site facilities.

2.3 PROCESS UNIT DETAILS

Crude Oil is processed in Crude and Vacuum Distillation Unit (CDU/VDU). In CDU, crude oil is first heated in a heat exchanger train. It is then heated in a furnace and fractionated in Crude Distillation Column where physical separation takes place based on boiling point difference. The top product is LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), which is splitted in C3 and C4 components. C4 component is further processed in Alkylation Unit (Sulphuric Acid as catalyst) consisting of acid regeneration facility and n-butane iso-merisation, for production of Alkylate which is used for boosting octane value of Motor Spirit (MS).

The 2nd fraction from CDU is Naphtha which is hydro-treated and splitted into Light and Heavy Naphtha. The Heavy Naphtha along with Coker Heavy Naphtha and FCC Heavy Naphtha is sent to PX Complex for production of Para Xylene. The PX complex comprises of Naphtha Hydro-treating Unit, Continuous Catalytic Reformer. The Light Naphtha is sent as feed to Hydrogen Generation Unit/Naphtha Pool.

The 3rd fraction from CDU is Kero Cut, which is treated in ATF Treatment Unit to remove undesirable sulphurous compounds to produce Superior Kerosene and ATF.

The 4th fraction from CDU is Diesel cut which is hydro-treated in DHDT to produce 10 ppm ‘S’ HSD and 50 ppm ‘S’ HSD.

The reduced crude oil from CDU is processed in Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU). VGO (Vacuum Gas Oil) from VDU is hydro-treated in VGOHDT Unit and then processed in FCC (Fluidised Catalytic Cracker). The VGOHDT Unit processes a VGO feed with around 3% sulphur and 0.7% Conradson Carbon Residue (CCR) and produces low sulphur and low CCR feed for FCC through hydro-treatment. FCC produces petrochemical feed stocks such as Ethylene, FCC LPG containing Propylene, and also FCC Naphtha, FCC Light Cycle Oil (HSD component) and Clarified Oil, a component routed to (Delayed Coker Unit) DCU or blended in Internal Fuel Oil. The Hydrogen requirement of DHDT and VGO-HDT unit is met from its production in Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU).

Residue from VDU is processed in DCU (Delayed Coker Unit), which is a secondary processing unit to improve distillate yield besides producing coke. Part residue is used as High Sulphur Fuel Oil in utility boilers with Flue gas de-sulphurisation in refinery cum petrochemical operations.

Propylene is separated from C3/ C4 stream from FCC to produce Propylene, which is further processed to produce Polypropylene.

Gases from cracking units & hydro-treatment units are amine treated and H2S rich gas is processed in SRU (Sulphur Recovery Units) to produce Sulphur.

Unit Details are given in Table 2.1. The details of Product Pattern of Refinery cum petrochemical are given in Table 2.2.






The Process Block Flow Diagram is given in Figure 2.2.

Table 2.1: UNIT DETAILS

NAME OF UNIT INSTALLED CAPACITY

Crude/ Vacuum Distillation Unit 15.0 MMTPA

Delayed Coking Unit 4.1 MMTPA

Diesel Hydrotreating Unit 5.2 MMTPA

VGO Hydrotreatment Unit 5.4 MMTPA

Fluidised Catalytic Cracking Unit 4.2 MMTPA

Sulphur Recovery Unit 2 x 525 TPD+ 1 TGTU

Hydrogen Plant 72.8 TMTPA

Various Treating Units

Alkylation Unit 650 TMTPA

Polypropylene Unit 2 x 340 TMTPA

Paraxylene Unit (Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit, Continuous Catalytic Reformer, Xylene Isomerisation Unit, Parex Unit, Sulfolane Extraction Unit, Benzene/ Tolune Fractionation Unit, Tatory Unit (deferred)

1200 TMTPA of Paraxylene

Ethyl Benzene and Styrene Manomer Unit (deferred) 631 TMTPA

Captive power plant and cooling tower GT with HRSG(3* 102MW)STG(2*30MW)UB(4*300T/hr)Standby GT with HRSG

of 1*30MW (366MW,1200TPH)

Details of the treating and other unit capacities

LPG Treater 210 TMTPA

LPG Treater (Cracked LPG ) 1850 TMTPA

LPG Treater (Coker LPG ) 165 TMTPA

ATF (merox) 1200 TMTPA

SWS I +SWS II 227 +398 =625 m3/hr

ARU – Rich amine circulation rate 1*454.6 +1*898.5 =1353 m3/hr

Para – Xylene Unit , - Naphtha Hydro-treating Unit

1200 TMTPA

- Continuous Catalytic Reformer 3941 TMTPA

- Reformate splitter Unit (I&II) 2990 TMTPA

- Xylene Isomerization Unit ( 2 trains ) Part of Reformer 4246 ( Isomerate ) 1200PX

- Parex Unit capacity (2 trains) 963 part of sulfolane Unit

- Sulfonate Extraction Unit 2183 TMTPA

- Benzene / Toulene fractionation Unit , tatoray Unit

- Pet coke Evacuation through Rapid Railway Loading Sytem (RRLS). 1.3 MMTPA

Proposed facility

- MEG 332 TMTPA

- ERU 180 TMTPA

- DEG 24 TMTPA

- TEG 1 TMTPA

- BS-VI

ISOM - new 1100 TMTPA

Indmax – GDS –new 1150 TMTPA

HGU – new (Hydrogen product) 2 X 60 TMTPA

Kero de-sulphurisation - new 300 TMTPA

DHDT-existing 20% revamp






Table 2.2: Product Pattern of Refinery cum petrochemical complex

Streams (TMT)

CRUDE 15000

LPG 896

Naphtha exports 215

EURO-IV MS 2076

EURO-VI MS 0

Reformate 1235

SKO 312

ATF Domestic 463

EURO-IV HSD 5941

EURO-VI HSD 0

Sulphur 349

PetCoke 1262

Fuel & Loss 1574

Figure 2.2: Process Block Flow Diagram






2.4 UTILITIES

Captive Power Plant (steam & power generation) on HSD/Naphtha firing in GT and on FO/FG firing in UBs.

Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) facility in case of HSFO firing in UBs.

Other associated & offsite facilities including raw water system, cooling water system, DM water & condensate system, compressed air system, Nitrogen system, internal fuel oil & fuel gas system, etc.

Flare system

Catalyst & chemicals handling system

Crude oil, intermediate & finished products tankage along with associated piping

Coke storage & handling facilities

Effluent treatment facilities

Fire fighting facilities 2.5 SUMMARY OF SULFUR BALANCE DATA (BEFORE AND AFTER BSVI, MEG & ERU

Project)

Summary of the emission scenario is presented in Table 2.3 and overall sulfur balance post BS-VI / MEG&ERU is presented in Table 2.4. It has been estimated that the total SO2 emissions will be maintained below 1000 Kg/hr (24 T/day) as per the earlier environmental clearance conditions.

Table 2.3: Estimated SO2 Emissions in the Plant after BS-VI MEG & ERU project

Stack connected to heaters and fuel combustion sources

Present Configuration @15

MMTPA

Proposed Configuration post BS-VI / MEG&ERU

@15 MMTPA

SO2 Emissions (Kg/hr)

SO2 Emissions(Kg/hr)

AVU Crude Charge Heater-1 32.5 No Change

AVU Crude Charge Heater-2 32.5 No Change

AVU Vacuum Charge Heater 36.1 No Change

DHT Reactor Charge Heater 0.66 No Change

VGO Train Reactor Feed Heater 0.1 No Change

VGO Atmo. Distillation Preheater 0.9 No Change

VGO HDT Reactor Heater 0.3 No Change

VGO HDT Reactor Heater 0.3 No Change

FCC Regenerator Flue Gas 345 No Change

FCC Feed Heater 19.1 No Change

DCU Coker Heater-1 25.0 No Change

DCU Coker Heater-2 25.0 No Change

SRU Incinerator Reactor 87.59 No Change

Naphtha Hydrotreator Charge Heater

9.4 No Change

CCR Platforming - Reactor Charge Heater & No.1 Interheater

3.6 No Change

SARU feed preheater 0.1 No Change

SARU decomposition furnace 0.2 No Change

H2 Reformer 2.0 No Change

Utility Boiler-1 84.0 No Change

Utility Boiler-2 84.0 No Change






Stack connected to heaters and fuel combustion sources

Present Configuration @15

MMTPA

Proposed Configuration post BS-VI / MEG&ERU

@15 MMTPA

SO2 Emissions (Kg/hr)

SO2 Emissions(Kg/hr)

Utility Boiler-3 84.0 No Change GT-1+HRSG-1 29.1 No Change GT-2+HRSG-2 29.1 No Change NEW UNITS UNDER BSVI

ind-DSK - 0.03

IGDS - 0.24

ISOM - 0.54

HGU reformer - 11.45

HGU PDS - 0.03

DHDT revamp - 0.70

Total 930.55 943.54

Table 2.4: Sulphur Balance in the Refinery cum petrochemical after BS-VI / MEG & ERU

Total crude to be Processed T/day

Average sulphur content in the crude % 2.9 2.9

Total sulphur input through crude TMTPA 435.45 435.45

Total sulphur in products TMTPA 431.6 431.5

Total sulphur to be recovered in the SRU TMTPA 349 350

Total SO2 emissions from process stacks and heaters

TMTPA 3.87 3.92

Total SO2 emissions into atmosphere Kg/hr 930.55 943.54

Total SO2 emissions into atmosphere Kg/Ton of

crude 0.51 0.52

2.6 NEW PROCESS UNITS/ REVAMP UNDER PROPOSED PROJECT 2.6.1 MEG/ERU & DEG, TEG

The objective of the project is the production of fiber grade Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) for merchant sale. Raw Material for MEG production is ethylene and oxygen. Ethylene is recovered from FCC off-gas via Ethylene Recovery Unit and Oxygen from air through Air Separation Unit. Mono Ethylene glycol in its pure form, it is an odorless, colorless, syrupy liquid with a sweet taste. Mono Ethylene glycol is produced from ethylene, via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation. The major byproducts are the di-ethylene glycol, tri-ethylene glycol, and poly glycol. Mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) is an important raw material for industrial applications. A primary use of MEG is in the manufacture of polyester (PET) resins, films and fibers. In addition, MEG is important in the production of antifreezes, coolants, aircraft anti-icer and de-icers and solvents. Di-ethylene glycol (DEG) is used in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethanes, and plasticizers. Tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) is widely used as a






dehumidifying agent for air and natural gas. TEG is often used to make chemical intermediates such as plasticizers and esters.

Material balance is given in Table 2.5.

Table 2.5: Material Balance for MEG/ERU Units

INPUT

KTA Remarks

FCC Off Gas 454.0 From FCC unit

Oxygen 188.0 From Air Separation Unit

Total 642.0

OUTPUT

KTA Remarks

MEG 332.0 For merchant Sale

DEG 24.0 For merchant Sale

TEG 1.0 For merchant Sale

Poly-glycol 1.0 Internal use as Fuel Oil

C3+ streams 39.0 LPG Pool

Fuel Gas 245.0 Internally used as Refinery cum petrochemical fuel gas

Total 642.0

The project consists of the followings: A. Ethylene Recovery Unit. B. Mono Ethylene Glycol Unit. C. Di-ethylene Glycol Unit. D. Tri-ethylene Glycol Unit. E. Utilities & Off-sites.

A. Ethylene Recovery Unit (ERU)

Capacity: 180 KTA Ethylene productions.

Figure 2.3: Process Flow Diagram of ERU

DEA / DGA Wash






Process Description of ERU:

The purpose of the Low Pressure Ethylene Recovery (ER) Unit is to remove impurities found in the FCC off gas and to recover the ethylene for use as Feed in the downstream MEG unit. The ER Unit is divided into the following areas and sub-areas:

Feed Treatment- 1. DGA Wash system 2. Caustic/Water Wash 3. Oxygen Converter 4. Drying and Treating

Distillation Area- 1. Off gas Chilling and Demethanizer 2. De-ethylenizer 3. Binary Refrigeration

Feed Treatment Area The contaminants in the FCC off-gas will be removed before the feed is processed in the downstream distillation area. The feed is first sent to DGA section where the amount of CO2 in off gas feed is minimized and further sent to lower bed of Caustic/Water Wash Tower. Next the feed goes through a Chloride Treater to remove chlorides. After the Caustic Tower and Chloride Treater and adsorber the feed goes to the Oxygen Convertor where Oxygen and Nitrogen are removed and di-olefins converted to olefins. The offgas from the Oxygen Converter is routed to the upper bed of the Caustic/Water Wash Tower to remove any remaining acid gases. The offgas is then chilled before being sent to the Dryer/Treater to remove the water, mercaptans, ammonia, and amines. Finally, the feed goes through a Mercury Adsorber where the mercury is removed.

Distillation Area The feed is then sent to the FCC Offgas Chiller, located in the Cold Box, where a binary refrigerant is used to chill the feed. After being chilled it is then sent to the Demethanizer. The Demethanizer is provided with an intercooler using binary refrigerant to minimize the ethylene losses. In the Demethanizer the FCC offgas fed into the lower part of the tower is contacted against a side draw stream from the Deethylenizer, which enters at the top of the tower. The overhead stream from the Demethanizer is used as regeneration gas for the Dryer/Treaters and then sent to OSBL to be used as refinery cum petrochemical fuel gas. The De-methanizer bottoms stream is sent to the De-ethylenizer. The De-ethylenizer overhead is fully condensed using binary refrigerant and produces 99.95 mol % ethylene. The liquid product is then pumped, vaporized in the FCC Off-gas Chiller to recoup duty for the refrigeration system, and then sent to the MEG Unit. The bottoms stream is sent to OSBL as C3+ Product, to the off-spec LPG system. A side draw from the De-ethylenizer is sent back to the top of De-methanizer as a wash liquid, with a portion of the side draw recovered as ethane product. A binary refrigerant consisting of ethylene and propylene is utilized to provide the refrigeration at the necessary levels for the process users.






B. Mono Ethylene Glycol Unit (MEG Unit)

Capacity : 332 KTA MEG production.

Figure 2.4: Process Flow Diagram of MEG Unit

Process Description:

EO REACTION, EO AND CO SCRUBBING SECTION Ethylene, oxygen, and methane/nitrogen ballast gas enter from battery limits and are mixed with lean cycle gas before entering a preheating unit (the Gas-Gas Exchanger). The gas mixture flows from the Gas-Gas Exchangers to the EO Reactor/Gas Coolers where about 9.6% of the ethylene is converted per pass. The ethylene to ethylene oxide selectivity is 91.0% at start-of-run (SOR). The reactors produce ethylene oxide. The ethylene oxide is scrubbed from the EO Reactor/Gas Coolers exit gas using lean cycle water and the rich cycle water is sent to the EO Stripping Section. The (scrubbed) cycle gas is sent through the CO2 Contactor Section of the Wash Tower to remove carbon dioxide made in the EO Reactor/Gas Coolers. The CO2 -lean gas is then recompressed back to the EO reactor/Gas Coolers. Boiling water on the shell side of the multi-tubular reactors removes the heat of reaction. Water circulation through the shell side of the reactors is by thermo syphon action. The steam-water mixture from the reactors shell side is sent to steam drums where make-up boiler feed water is preheated and steam is separated from water and sent to the 21 kg/cm g steam header.

CO2 REMOVAL SYSTEM SECTION The rich carbonate solution from the Carbonate Solution Exchanger (EO and CO2

Scrubbing Section) is regenerated at essentially atmospheric pressure using stripping steam. The regenerated lean carbonate solution is returned to the CO2 Contactor Section of the Wash Tower (EO and CO2 Scrubbing Section) for CO2 absorption.






EO STRIPPING AND EO REABSORPTION SECTION Rich cycle water containing ethylene oxide in solution is preheated before entering the Stripping Column where ethylene oxide is stripped out. The lean cycle water is then pumped through a series of heat exchangers where the water is cooled prior to being returned to the Scrubber Section of the Wash Tower (EO and CO2 Scrubbing Section). A bleed stream is taken and sent to the glycol unit to purge the glycol made in the cycle water loop. The ethylene oxide in the overhead vapor from the Stripping Column is reabsorbed by contact with cooled process water in the Re-absorber. The overhead from the Re-absorber is compressed back into the cycle gas system by the Reclaim Compressor while the bottoms are sent to the Glycol Feed Stripper (Glycol Reaction Section).

GLYCOL REACTION AND GLYCOL EVAPORATION SECTION Ethylene oxide solution from the Re-absorber is sent to the Glycol Feed Stripper for removal of CO2. The CO2 -free stream is then preheated and fed to the Glycol Reactor. The reactor effluent is fed into the first stage of a Seven Effect Evaporator System. The cycle water bleed from the cycle water and the MEG Column Condenser blow down are treated in a Cycle Water Treating Unit and then used in the evaporator system as reflux. The condensate from the re-boilers of the evaporators is used to preheat the feed to the Glycol Reactor, and is then sent to the Recycle Water Tank. The overhead from the Fifth Effect Evaporator (extraction steam) is used in the Regenerator Extraction Re-boiler. The overhead vapor from the Sixth Effect Evaporator is used as stripping steam for both the Stripping Column and Glycol Feed Stripper and also is used to re-boil the Sixth Effect Evaporator bottoms and to preheat the feed to the Glycol Reactor. The overhead from the Vacuum Effect Evaporator is condensed with a portion returning to the column as reflux, another portion is used as reflux for the Drying Column (Glycol Drying Section) and the remainder is sent to the Recycle Water Tank. The concentrated glycol from the Vacuum Effect Evaporator is pumped to the Drying Column (Glycol Drying Section) for removal of the remaining water.

GLYCOL DRYING AND GLYCOL PURIFICATION SECTION The crude wet glycol is dried by vacuum distillation in the Drying Column. The Drying Column bottoms are fed to the MEG Column where fiber grade mono-ethylene glycol product is taken as a side stream product near the top of the column. The product is cooled and stored in the MEG Rundown Tanks for subsequent pumping to OSBL storage. The MEG Column bottoms are sent to the MEG Splitter where the remaining MEG is removed from the heavier glycols and recycled back to the Vacuum Effect Evaporator. The MEG Splitter bottoms are sent to the DEG Column (DEG and TEG Purification Section) for DEG and TEG separation.

DEG AND TEG PURIFICATION SECTION Heavy glycols from the MEG Splitter bottoms are distilled in the DEG Column where the di-ethylene glycol (DEG) product is taken overhead. The DEG product is cooled and stored in the DEG Rundown Tanks for subsequent pumping to OSBL storage. The DEG Column bottoms are then sent to the TEG Column for further distillation where the tri ethylene glycol (TEG) product is taken overhead. The TEG product is cooled and stored in the TEG Rundown Drums for subsequent pumping to OSBL storage. The TEG Column bottoms, containing the poly-glycols, are stored in the PEG Drum.






C. Utilities & Offsite Utilities section consists of a new Cooling Water system. Other utilities i.e. steam, electricity, DM water, compressed air will be supplied from existing refinery cum petrochemical. Offsite section consists of Air Separation Unit for oxygen supply to MEG unit, storage tanks/vessels for finished products i.e. for MEG, DEG, TEG and poly glycol, Horton Sphere for storage of liquid ethylene, product dispatch system including MEG product line to South Jetty and flare system.

Service Nominal Capacity, m3 No. of tanks Type of Tanks

Ethylene/Propylene rich

return stream 3053 4 Sphere

MEG 8588 5 Fixed Roof

DEG 2264 2 Fixed Roof

TEG 318 2 Fixed Roof

Effluent generated from the process units is to be routed to existing Effluent Treatment Plant of the refinery cum petrochemical.

EFFLUENT GENERATION:

Table 2.6: Gaseous effluent for ER & MEG Block

GASEOUS EFFLUENT

Unit Description Frequency Quality Quantity Destination

ERU Blanketing Gas from General Blanketing

Intermittent Nitrogen 0 Atmosphere

MEG Regenerator Condenser Vapor

Continuous CO2, Water 12.8 MT/hr

Atmosphere

Incinerator emission

Continuous CO2, Water, Nitrogen

4.5 MT/hr Atmosphere

Table 2.7: Liquid effluent for ER & MEG Block

LIQUID EFFLUENT

Unit Description Frequency Quality Quantity Destination

ERU Spent Caustic

Continuous Water, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Sulphide

0.62 MT/hr Refinery cum petrochemical Spent Caustic Treatment Plant

Oily Waste Water

Continuous Phenols, BOD, COD, TSS

1.9 MT/hr Refinery cum petrochemical ETP

MEG Continuous Water containing Sodium salts, glycols and traces of aldehydes, BOD, COD, TDS

22.3 MT/hr Refinery cum petrochemical ETP

Utility Blow Down From Cooling Tower

Continuous 105 M3/hr Refinery cum petrochemical ETP






LIQUID EFFLUENT

Non- Process

CRWS Intermittent TSS, OIL, BOD, COD

25 MT/day Refinery cum petrochemical ETP

Unit Floor Wash

Intermittent (Once In 2 Days For 2 Hrs)

TSS, OIL, BOD, COD

10 MT/day Refinery cum petrochemical ETP

Sanitary Waste

Continuous TSS, BOD, COD 1 MT/hr Refinery cum petrochemical ETP

Table 2.8: Solid Effluent for ER & MEG Block

SOLID EFFLUENT

Unit Description Composition Frequency Quantity Classification

ERU Spent Catalyst From Chloride Treater (Note-1)

Cl2 Catalyst Once/ 2.5 Yrs

34.2 MT Catalyst

Non Hazardous

4 MT Ceramic Balls

Spent Catalyst From Oxygen Converter (Note-2)

Sulfided Copper Catalyst

Once/4 Years

2 X 97 MT Catalyst

Non Hazardous

13 MT ceramic balls

Spent Adsorbent From Dryer Treater (Note-3)

Once/2 Years

88.5 MT Adsorbent

Non Hazardous

8.3 MT Ceramic Balls

Spent Adsorbent From Mercury Adsorber (Note-4)

Promoted Carbon

Once/3 Years

17.8 MT Adsorbent

Non Hazardous

5.5 MT ceramic balls

MEG Sulfur Guard Bed Catalyst

90 % Zinc Once /4 yrs 18.9 MT Non Hazardous

EO Reactor Catalyst

Silver on Alumina

Once /3 yrs 200 MT Non Hazardous

Cycle Water Treating Unit Cation Resin

Polystyrene chain


Cycle Water Treating Unit Cation Resin

Polystyrene chain


MEG Post Treatment Resin

Once /4 yrs 6.5 MT Non Hazardous

2.6.2 BSVI MS/HSD FACILITIES

Paradip Refinery cum petrochemical is the latest refinery cum petrochemical of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) and has a design crude processing capacity of 15.0 Million Metric Tons Per Annum (MMTPA). The Refinery cum petrochemical can






presently produce 100% BS-IV MS and HSD products with the current Refinery cum petrochemical configuration. As per the Government of India’s Gazette notification dated 16th Sep’16, it has been proposed to implement BS-VI grade fuels in the entire country w.e.f. 1st April 2020. Primarily there is change in sulphur specification from 50 ppm in BS-IV to 10 ppm in BS-VI for both MS and HSD, while the other major specifications remain same. To meet the BS VI specification of MS & HSD, following units proposed for the production of BS-VI MS & HSD from the refinery cum petrochemical.

Table 2.9: Units to be installed for BS VI MS/HSD

S.No. Unit Proposed capacity KTPA

1 ISOM - new 1100

2 Indmax – GDS –new 1150

3 HGU – new (Hydrogen Product) 2 X 60

4 Kero de-sulphurisation - new 300

5 DHDT-existing 20% revamp

For BS VI MS New ISOM of capacity 1100 KTPA is to be installed for reducing the Benzene / aromatics in the overall MS blend. New Indmax Gasoline De-sulphurisation (GDS) of capacity 1150 KTPA to reduce sulphur produced from gasoline of the Indmax unit. For BS VI HSD Change in catalyst of the polishing reactor of the VGO HDT unit to get a VGO HDT Diesel spec of 10 ppm. Capacity revamp of the DHDT unit by 20% to meet the following requirements: - Reprocessing capacity of off-spec HSD. - Taking care of the yield variation on account of various crudes. Change in catalyst of DHDT unit to get 8 ppm outlet sulphur corresponding to envisaged specs for BS-VI products of 8 ppm. Though PCK (Pipeline compatible Kerosene) is not directly mandated in the BS VI specs, it will be required to install a new Kero De-sulphurisation unit of 300 KTPA capacity. This is required to transfer the BS IV/VI products through pipelines. This will cater the need of the three pipelines i.e. PRRPL, PHPL and PSHPL. New Hydrogen Unit A new Hydrogen unit of capacity 2 x 60 KTPA will be required to allow flexibility in operation of CCRU based on the optimized thru’ put rather than meeting the hydrogen requirement of the refinery cum petrochemical as in the present operation.






Additional utilities In addition to the above, additional cooling water requirement of 6300 m3/hr is estimated. For that, it is proposed to install 02 (two) additional cooling tower cells in existing CT- 4 each of 4000 m3/hr with pumping capacity of 8000 m3.hr. Additional storage tanks The following intermediate tanks are required along with the necessary pumping facilities: New ISOM Feed Tank New INDMAX-GDS Feed Tanks New HGU Feed Tanks New Iso-merate Product / blending tanks: Product Tanks SKO: One nos. of additional SKO tank is required to simultaneously cater to SKO & PCK requirement.

Product Slate: The estimated product slate of the refinery cum petrochemical post BS-VI/MEG & ERU Project is summarized in Table 2.10 along with the existing slate.

Table 2.10: Existing and Proposed Product Slate

Streams Base Case (TMT) BS VI Case (TMT)

CRUDE 15000 15000

LPG 896 932

Poly Propylene 678 678

Naphtha exports 215 0

EURO-IV MS 2076 0

EURO-VI MS 0 3260

Reformate 1235 96

SKO 312 312

ATF Domestic 463 463

EURO-IV HSD 5941 0

EURO-VI HSD 0 6017

Sulphur 349 350

PetCoke 1262 1253

Fuel & Loss 1574 1641

2.6.3 Off-site Storage Systems Table 2.11: Off-sites for BS VI MS & HSD Facilities

Service Capacity (m3) / each No. of Tanks

ISOM feed 15000 2

Indmax GDS feed 15000 2

HGU feed 9000 2

Iso-merate 9000 3

SKO 19000 1

Overall plot plan indicating BSVI MS&HSD and MEG/ERU is shown in Figure 2.5.



Rev. No. 0

Page 24 of 143

EIA STUDY FOR INSTALLATION OF ETHYLENE RECOVERY AND MONO ETHYLENE GLYCOL

UNITS/ BSVI MS/HSD FACILITIES AT PARADIP REFINERY

Figure 2.5: Overall Plot Plan indicating BS VI MS/HSD and MEG/ERU facilities






2.6.4 Utilities

The adequacy of the utility generation facilities has been checked for processing 15 MMTPA post MEG and BS-VI fuel quality project. The details of the same are as given under:

Table 2.12: Overall Additional Utilities requirements

Utilities Present MEG + ERU BS VI

Facilities Total Available Limit

Water Requirement , m3/hr

3950 550 274 4774 6014

Power, MW 180 39 17 236 264

Cooling water system in MEG and BS-VI

- Circulating water @ 6300 m3/hr in case of BS-VI.

- Circulating water @ 25200 m3/hr in case of MEG.

Table 2.13: Water balance for 15 MMTPA

Units Water Consumption (m3/hr)

Cooling Tower 1784

DM water 1503

Drinking Water 100

Service water 80

Fire water 40

Coke cutting 30

Quench water 55

Total 3592

10% Contingency 3950

2.6.5 Additional Facilities:

S.No. Service Number of

Tanks

Capacity of each tank

(in TKL) Location

1 DHDT Feed One 28.0 South site of

the Refinery

cum

petrochemical

2 NHT Feed One 28.0

3 VGO-HDT Feed One 70.0

4 Crude Seven 59.5

5 MS Two 28.0

North Site of

Refinery cum

petrochemical

(BOOT-3)

6 PCK One 13.0

7 Alkylate Two 28.0

8 Liquid Sulphur Two 3.0

9 HSD Three 30

10 Bullets-c4 Three 3.13

11 Reformate /Alkylate

/MEG/Cross Country

Lines

12” to Marketing from PDR

18” to SOJ from PDR.20” MEG line from PDR to SOJ






2.6.6 Wastewater Generation and Treatment Scheme

State-of-the –art Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

Figure 2.6: Process Flow Diagram for ETP

API/TPI: API: Principle: Oil water separation based on stokes law.

Remove oil > 150 micron size.

Minimum temperature 30 oC.

Oily DAF: From the API, the effluent shall be pumped to Equalisation Tank where mixing of streams by recirculation happen to prevent stratification. The oily effluent from the equalization tank shall be routed to oily DAF system comprising Flash Mixer, Flocculation tank, DAF tank and Saturation Vessel through Splitter box for dividing the streams to equal flows. The flocculated effluent operated on dissolved air flotation type

Primary Treatment

Secondary Treatment

(BTP)

TPI Facility: Remove free oil > 100 micron size. RCC construction. Steam heating. Venting with VOC abatement system.






where the de-emulsified oil and light suspended solids rise to the top of flotation tanks due to the action of micro fine air bubbles getting released from the de-pressurized recycle effluent. Bio-Tower and Aeration: Treated leachate from Landfill Leachate Pre-treatment Plant (LLPP) and Treated Spent Caustic effluent from Spent Caustic Treatment plant (SCTP) is mixed with the treated effluent from DAF system for further biological treatment in Bio-Tower followed by Aeration. Secondary Clarifier has been provided to handle the effluent from its respective aeration tank. The clarifiers are provided with a sludge scraper, which revolves slowly to scrape the bio-solids settled at the bottom. To ensure the quality of treated effluent fit for RO feed, the treatment scheme also provided a dissolved air flotation unit, “the Bio-DAF”, to reduce excessive solids loads to the downstream sand filters in the Water Recovery Plant (WRP). The Bio-DAF is operated on dissolved air flotation type where the light suspended solids rise to the top of flotation tanks due to the action of micro fine air bubbles getting released from the depressurized recycle effluent. The solid precipitates get attached to micro fine air bubbles and rise to the top surface of flotation tank, forming a scum which is skimmed to the scum outlet. The bio treated effluent from the Bio-DAF will flow to the Effluent check basin by gravity. The steam system blow downstream from the battery limit will be pumped directly to it. The facility to collect the non-contaminated CWBD has been provided. The effluent check basin shall be provided with compressed air driven portable floating oil skimmers of disc-type complete with on board oil pump for the removal of any floating oil in the effluent. VOC Recovery in ETP: The fixed Bed Carbon Adsorption for VOC control is designed in the VOC Abatement System. This comprises of relief vents, ducting, balancing valves, ID fans, flame arrestors, detonation arrestor, carbon filters, valving and safety Instruments. All tanks, separators and sumps in which floating oil is intended or likely to accumulate are covered and vented via a vent header to the VOC Emissions Abatement system. The potential VOC sources are connected to the main VOC header with flame/spark arrestor and conservation (pressure-vaccum relief valve) vents.






ETP-RO Recycle facility

So to achieve maximum recycle from ETP, the water from check basin is routed to Water Recovery Plant (WRP), where with the facility of ultra filtration and Reverse Osmosis (RO), maximum recycle of 850 m3/hr can be achieved with 70% efficiency. The existing ETP shall be adequate post BS-VI fuel quality project and no capacity augmentation envisaged for existing ETP. Fresh water consumption projection is given in Table 2.14.

Table 2.14: FRESH WATER CONSUMPTION PROJECTION

Units Water Consumption (m3/hr)

Cooling Tower 1700

DM water 1600

Drinking Water 100

Service water 80

Fire water 40

Coke cutting 20

Quench water 50

Total 3590

10% Contingency 3950





Template No. 5-0000-0001-T2 Rev. 1 Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved

CHAPTER – 3

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS






3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS This chapter illustrates the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers 10km all along the conveyor project. The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline environmental conditions, which are described with respect to meteorology, ambient air quality, water quality, soil quality, ecology and socio-economic profiles of people.

3.1 METEOROLOGY

India Meteorological Department has been monitoring surface observations at Paradip port on atmospheric Pressure, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction twice a day viz., at 0830 and 1730 hrs. The historical met-data for the above-specified parameters has been collected for ten years and processed. Data on cloud cover is compiled from the climatological tables of the IMD station at Paradip port. The summary of the above data is presented in Table-3.1.

TABLE 3.1: CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA, IMD PARADIP PORT (1989-2004)

Month Temperature (0C)

Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm)

Mean Max. Mean Min. 0830 1730

January 26.8 16.1 79 71 13.0

February 29.2 20.1 79 74 9.4

March 31.2 23.5 78 79 35.4

April 32.2 25.7 79 83 27.5

May 33.0 26.9 80 82 113.2

June 32.4 26.8 83 83 188.4

July 31.4 26.1 85 84 276.6

August 31.4 25.8 85 84 369.3

September 31.7 25.7 84 83 242.8

October 31.5 24.2 80 78 228.6

November 30.2 20.2 77 70 122.1

December 28.1 16.7 75 68 9.2

Total: 1635.5

Source: Indian Meteorological Department, Pune 3.1.1 Observations of Secondary Data

Temperature During the summer months i.e., March-May, the mean maximum temperature is found to

vary between 31.2C to 33.0C and the minimum temperature ranges between 16.1C to

20.1C in the winter months (December-February).






Relative Humidity Humidity at Paradip port is fairly high throughout the major part of the year and the mean relative humidity rises to above 85% during the monsoon months, particularly June to September ranging between 83.0% to 85%.

Rainfall The total annual mean rainfall received at Paradip is about 1635.5 mm. Rainfall peaks during the month of August (mean monthly being about 369.3 mm) followed by July (mean monthly being about 276.6 mm) with the four monsoon months (June to September) contributing about 65.8% (about 1077.1 mm) of the total annual rainfall.

3.1.2 PRIMARY DATA

Meteorological data collected from the automatic weather station at Paradip Refinery cum petrochemical complex during March – May, 2017 and the wind rose diagram is shown in Figure No. 3.1.

Figure 3.1: WIND ROSE DIAGRAM (March – May 2017)






From the above figure it can observed that the predominant wind direction during the winter season is from NE to SW.

3.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to assess the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the project operations. The ambient air quality monitoring carried out during March to May 2015, collected by Orissa Industrial Development Corporation is presented in subsequent sections. In addition data collected by IOCL during March to May 2017 is also included to establish ambient air quality.

3.2.1 Methodology adopted for Air Quality Survey

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality-monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program has been based on the following considerations:

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;

Topography of the study area; and

Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at eight locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points. The location of the selected stations with reference to the Conveyor is given in the Table-3.2. Map showing the ambient air quality locations in Figure 3.2.






Figure 3.2: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY LOCATIONS

TABLE 3.2: DETAILS OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS

Station Code Name of the Station

AAQ1 Ranjiagarh village

AAQ2 Chunabelar village

AAQ3 Pipal village

AAQ4 Bijaychadrapur village

AAQ5 Niharunikandla village

AAQ6 Bauriabalanda village

AAQ7 Abhaycandrapur

AAQ8 Bagdia village

AAQ9 Siju village

3.2.2 SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

PM2.5 and PM10 have been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 Part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2. Improved Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 Part-IV, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation






of NOx. The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and its minimum detectable levels are given in Table-3.3.

TABLE 3.3: TECHNIQUES USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

Parameters Test Method Low Detection Limit

(µg/m3)

PM10 (Respirable

Particulate Matter)

Respirable Dust Sampling /High Volume Sampling (Gravimetric)

5.0

PM2.5 (Particulate

Matter)

FRM Method/Low Volume sampling (Gravimetric)

5.0

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Modified West and Gaeke Method 4.0

Nitrogen dioxide (NOx) Sodium Arsenite method 4.0

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Adsorption and extraction followed by GC-MS analysis

50

Ozone (O3) Spectrophotmetric method 2.0

Ammonia, NH3 Indo-phenol Blue Method 20.0

Benzene, C6H6 Adsorption and desorption followed by GCMS analysis

GCMA – 0.001

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) Solvent Extraction followed by GC-MS GCMS – 0.001

Arsenic (As) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling on EPM Filter paper

GFFA/ICP-MS-0.001

Nickel (Ni) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling on EPM Filter paper

GFFA/ICP-MS-0.001

Lead (Pb) AAS/ICP-MS method after sampling on EPM Filter paper

GFFA/ICP-MS-0.001

3.2.3 Presentation of Primary Data

Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for the AAQ monitoring stations. The summary of these results for each location are presented in Table-3.4 (a), (b), (c) & (d) for the period March to May 2015. Further summary of these results monitored by IOCL is given in Table 3.5 for the period March to May 2017. These are compared with the standards prescribed by National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2009.

TABLE 3.4 (a): SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS (March – May 2015)

Location PM2.5 (g/m3) PM10(g/m3) SO2(g/m3)

Min Max 98% Min Max 98% Min Max 98%

Rangiagarh 16.1 22.8 22.7 35.4 44.8 44.4 13.7 19.3 19.3

Chunabelar village 18.6 22.3 21.7 40.6 51.9 51.6 14.1 20.6 20.5

Pipal village 17.4 24.8 24.4 37.4 49.8 49.2 13.8 19.4 19.4

Bijaychadrapur village 15.9 23.5 22.8 36.4 50.7 50.4 13.1 18.9 18.5

Niharunikandla village 16.8 24.4 23.7 38.6 49.3 49.0 14.0 18.0 17.7






Location PM2.5 (g/m3) PM10(g/m3) SO2(g/m3)


Bauriabalanda village 16.5 20.8 20.7 36.9 50.9 50.9 14.1 17.7 17.6

Abhaycandrapur 22.5 27.6 27.4 41.2 51.8 51.7 13.2 17.2 17.1

Bagdia village 17.4 21.8 21.6 31.5 46.1 46.0 12.5 15.4 15.3

Siju village 16.9 20.9 20.8 31.4 47.2 47.0 13.2 16.7 16.6

Study Area Range 15.9-27.6 31.4-51.9 12.5-20.6

Standards 60 100 80

TABLE 3.4 (b): SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS

(March – May 2015)

Location NOx (g/m3) CO (µg/m3) O3 (µg/m3)


Rangiagarh 16.3 22.3 22.1 281 378 377 3.8 8.1 7.8

Chunabelar village 16.4 22.4 22.4 263 392 391 3.5 8.6 8.5

Pipal village 16.6 21.9 21.9 236 373 372 2.5 7.9 7.2

Bijaychadrapur village 17.1 22.8 22.5 243 392 389 2.9 9.6 9.6

Niharunikandla village 16.9 23.4 22.9 262 385 381 3.4 9.2 9.0

Bauriabalanda village 16.1 20.6 20.6 305 428 420 2.8 7.6 7.4

Abhaycandrapur 16.2 20.4 20.1 231 380 378 3.6 8.5 8.3

Bagdia village 15.1 18.6 18.6 238 395 393 2.9 9.1 8.7

Siju village 15.3 19.4 19.3 224 385 382 4.1 9.9 9.7

Study Area Range 15.1-23.4 224-428 2.5-9.9

Standards 80 2000

TABLE 3.4 (c): SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS

(March – May 2015)

Locations Lead (Pb)(ng/m3) Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3)

Min Max 98th %le Min Max 98th%le Min Max 98th%le

Rangiagarh <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Chunabelar village <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Pipal village <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Bijaychadrapur village <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Niharunikandla village <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Bauriabalanda village <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Abhaycandrapur <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Bagdia village <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Siju village <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Range <0.05 <0.02 <0.1






TABLE 3.4 (d): SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS (March – May 2015)

Locations Ammonia, NH3(µg/m3) Benzene (C6H6) (ng/m3) Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (ng/m3)

Min Max 98th %le Min Max 98th%le Min Max 98th%le

Rangiagarh <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Chunabelar village <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Pipal village <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Bijaychadrapur village <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Niharunikandla village <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Bauriabalanda village <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Abhaycandrapur <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Bagdia village <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Siju village <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Range <20.0 <1.0 <0.1

Table 3.5: Ambient air quality – March to May 2017

Parameter Units Near QC Lab

IOCL Gate-1

IOTL Gate

Incinerator ETP Area

LP Flare

IOTL-LPG Loading Area

PM2.5 µg/m3 50.27 54.95 53.35 52.16 54.79 55.22 53.79

PM10 µg/m3 79.67 81.49 80.26 79.65 81.90 76.85 80.75

Ozone µg/m3 1.72 1.93 1.81 1.74 1.81 1.81 1.83

Ammonia µg/m3 1.79 1.98 1.95 1.82 1.84 1.83 1.96

SOx µg/m3 14.05 14.56 12.45 14.42 14.78 14.02 13.79

NOx µg/m3 10.13 10.38 10.32 11.13 11.00 11.01 10.26

Benzene µg/m3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 1.48 1.66 1.54 1.40 1.61 1.62 1.67

Lead ( Pb) µg/m3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00

Arsenic( As) ng/m3 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Benzo(a)pyrene ng/m3 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02

3.2.4 Observations of Primary Data

The maximum value for PM2.5 is observed at Abhaychandrapur (AAQ4) station, as 27.6 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Bijaychandrapur village (AAQ7) station as 15.9 µg/m3 during the study period. However, all the results were within the NAAQS limits 60 µg/m3 as specified for Industrial area.

The maximum value for PM10 is observed at Chunabelar village (AAQ2) station, as 51.9 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Siju village (AAQ9) station as 31.4 µg/m3 during the study period. However, all the results were within the NAAQS limits 100 µg/m3 as specified for Industrial area.






The maximum value for SO2 is observed to be 20.6 µg/m3 at Chunabelar village (AAQ2) station with the minimum value observed at Bagdia village (AAQ8) and as 12.5 µg/m3 during the study period. However, all the results were within the NAAQS limits 100 µg/m3 as specified for Industrial area. The maximum value for NOx is observed at Niharunikandla village (AAQ5) station, as 23.4 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Bagdia village (AAQ8) as 15.1 µg/m3 during the study period. However, all the results were within the NAAQS limits 100 µg/m3 as specified for Industrial area. The maximum value for CO is observed at Bauribalanda village (AAQ6) station as 428 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Siju village (AAQ9), station as 224 µg/m3 during the study period. The maximum value for O3 is observed at Siju village (AAQ9), as 9.9 µg/m3 with the minimum value observed at Pipal village (AAQ3) station as 2.5 µg/m3 during the study period Lead concentration observed <0.05 ng/m3 in all the sampling locations. Arsenic concentration observed <0.02 ng/m3 in all the sampling locations. Nickel concentration observed <0.1 ng/m3 in all the sampling locations. Ammonia concentration observed in all the locations is <20.0 µg/ m3. Benzene and Benzo(a)pyrene concentration observed in all locations are <1.0 ng/ m3.

From the above analysis of the data, it infers that the air quality levels in the study area are within the permissible limits.

3.3 NOISE LEVEL SURVEY

The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, annoyance and general community responses. The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness;

The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.






The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated through construction activities, vehicular movement etc.

3.3.1 Identification of Sampling Locations

The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise levels in the study area. The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am. The details of noise monitoring locations are given in Table-3.6.

TABLE 3.6: DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS


N1 Ranjiagarh village N2 Chunabelar village N3 Pipal village N4 Bijaychadrapur village N5 Niharunikandla village N6 Bauriabalanda village N7 Abhaycandrapur N8 Bagdia village N9 Siju village

Methodology of Data Generation

3.3.2 Instrument Used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using integrated sound level meter manufactured by Quest Technologies, USA (Model No.2900). The integrating sound level meter is an integrating/ logging type with Octave filter attachment (model OB-100) with frequency range of 31.5 to 16000 Hz. This instrument is capable of measuring the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Leq and octave band frequency analysis.

3.3.3 Method of Monitoring

Noise level monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours on working days only. During each hour Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the sound pressure levels. Lday (Ld), Lnight (Ln) and Ldn values were computed using corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ response and fast mode. Map showing the noise level monitoring locations in Figure 3.3.






FIGURE 3.3: NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS

3.3.4 Parameters Measured During Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:

L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 per cent of the time;

L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 per cent of the time; and

L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 per cent of the time. Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq): The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation:






60

)_LL(LL

29010

50eq +=

Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 am to 10 pm). Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 pm to 6 am). A noise rating developed by E P A for specification of community noise from all the sources is the Day-Night Sound Level, (Ldn). Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn): The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24-hr equivalent sound level except that during night time period (10 pm to 6 am) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24-hr average. This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that the noise during night, when people are usually in sleep, is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the day time. The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s, by the following equation.

)]}10(8+)10(16[24/1log{10=L10/)10+L(10/L

dnnd

where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).

3.3.5 Presentation of Results

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at Three locations. The parameters are analyzed for Min, Max, Lday and Lnight. The statistical analysis results are given in Table-3.7.

TABLE 3.7: NOISE LEVELS [dB (A)] IN THE STUDY AREA

Location Code

Location L10 L50 L90 LEQ Lday Lnight Ldn

N1 Rangiagarh 40.5 37.0 33.2 37.9 38.7 35.0 42.2

N2 Chunabelar village 42.2 38.0 34.1 39.1 41.0 36.0 43.6

N3 Pipal village 45.3 41.1 37.2 42.2 43.7 39.3 46.7

N4 Bijaychadrapur village 43.5 39.6 35.7 40.6 41.5 36.9 44.3

N5 Niharunikandla village 41.8 37.3 33.9 38.3 40.3 35.4 42.9

N6 Bauriabalanda village 40.7 36.9 33.1 37.9 39.5 35.2 42.5

N7 Abhaycandrapur 49.5 44.7 41.1 45.9 48.0 42.2 50.1

N8 Bagdia village 41.3 37.1 33.2 38.2 39.4 35.3 42.6

N9 Siju village 41.1 37.0 33.1 38.0 39.1 35.1 42.1






Observations Day time Noise Levels (Lday) The day time noise levels at all the residential locations were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 55 dB (A). The noise levels ranged between 38.7dB (A) to 48.0 dB (A). Night time Noise Levels (Lnight) The night time noise levels at all the residential locations were observed to be within the prescribed limit of 45 dB (A). The noise levels ranged between 35.0 dB (A) to 42.2 dB (A).

3.4 WATER QUALITY

Selected water quality parameters of ground water and surface water resources within the study area have been studied for assessing the hydrological environment to evaluate anticipated impact of the proposed project. Understanding the water quality is essential in the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment. It also assists to identify critical issues in a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation to curb the deterioration of various hydrological sources in the vicinity of the project.

The purpose of this study is to:

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; o Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational

resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

Predict the likely impacts on water quality due to the project and related activities. 3.4.1 Methodology

The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA). Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples collected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed.

3.4.2 Water Sampling Locations

Water samples were collected from six (6) ground water and three (4) surface water sampling locations. The surface water sampling locations are listed below in Table-3.8 and are shown in Figure-3.4.






TABLE 3.8: DETAILS OF WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. Code Location

1 SW1 Mahanadi river

2 SW2 Santranadi

3 SW3 Taladanda canal

4 SW4 Nala Near Paradip Railway Station

5 GW1 Chunabelar village

6 GW2 Pipal village

7 GW3 Bauribalanda village

8 GW4 Rangiagarh village

9 GW5 Abhaychandrapur

10 GW6 Jhimani village

FIGURE 3.4: SURFACE WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS

3.4.3 Observations






The surface water quality and ground water quality results of monitoring carried out are presented in Table-3.9 and Table-3.10.

TABLE 3.9: SURFACE WATER QUALITY (March – May 2015) S.No Parameters Unit IS: 10500 Limits SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4

1 pH - 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) 8.1 7.5 7.3 8.2

2 Color Hazen 5(25) 6 5 7 8

3 Conductivity µS/cm $ 8450 795 1010 615.0

4 TDS mg/l 500(2000) 5495 530 640 400

5 DO mg/l $ 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.5

6 BOD mg/l $ 16.5 <3 <3 20.8

7 COD mg/l $ 107.1 15 10 142.8

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l 300(600) 950 213 262 120.0

9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3

mg/l 200(600) 90.0 218 344 138.0

10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75(200) 72.0 60.5 70.4 24.0

11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30(100) 187.1 14.9 21.0 14.6

12 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 250(1000) 2668.0 76.4 82.5 113.4

13 Residual free Chlorine mg/l 0.2 Min <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

14 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l $ <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 200(400) 344.0 45.6 41.4 5.9

16 Fluorides as F mg/l 1.0(1.5) 1.4 0.7 0.5 1.2

17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 45(NR) 1.2 12.6 9.2 0.9

18 Sodium as Na mg/l $ 1480.6 80.2 105.0 85.8

19 Potassium as K mg/l $ 47.8 3.1 14.6 2.0

20 Total Boron as B mg/l 1 0.61 0.03 0.07 0.09

21 Cyanides mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

22 Phenolic Compounds mg/l 0.001(0.002) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

23 Oil and Grease mg/l $ <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l 0.01 (NR) <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

25 Arsenic as As mg/l 0.01 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.05 (1.5) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

27 Lead as Pb mg/l 0.05 (NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

28 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.3(1.0) 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.06

29 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l 0.05(NR) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

30 Selenium as Se mg/l 0.01(NR) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

31 Zinc as Zn mg/l 5(15) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

32 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.03(0.2) 0.05 0.02 0.04 <0.01

33 Mercury as Hg mg/l 0.001(NR) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

34 Sodium absorption ratio - $ 20.9 2.39 2.82 3.41

35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

36 Anionic Detergents mg/l 0.2 (1.0) <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

37 Total Coli forms MPN/100 10 <2 <2 <2 <2

$ - Limits not specified Limits in parenthesis are permissible limits in absence of alternate source (NR)-No Relaxation SW1- Mahanadi River SW2- Santhranadi SW3- Taldanda canal SW4- Pond near by railway station

TABLE 3.10: GROUND WATER QUALITY (March – May 2015)






Sr No Parameters Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6

1 pH - 6.6 7.3 7.8 7.5 8.0 7.7

2 Color Hazen 7 5 5 4 6 5

3 Taste - Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag

4 Odor - Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag

5 Conductivity µS/cm 590 1020 740 480 273 1284

6 Turbidity NTU 6 5 6 5 2 3

7

Total Dissolved Solids at 180°C

mg/l

385

650

480

310

180

840

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l 160.0 112.3 163.0 104.0 101.0 120.0

9 Total Alkalinity mg/l 80.0 154.5 155.0 98.0 78.0 275.0

10 Calcium as Ca mg/l 40.0 23.2 51.2 31.4 28.0 20.0

11 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 14.6 13.2 8.6 6.2 7.3 17.0

12 Residual Chlorine as Cl2 mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

13 Boron as B mg/l 0.06 0.02 <0.01 0.04 0.04 0.39

14 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 99.3 145.6 95.6 68.0 28.4 255.2

15 Sulfates as SO42 mg/l 63.7 125.6 24.7 36.9 17.2 1.1

16 Fluorides as F mg/l 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2

17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 10.9 8.4 2.5 2.1 5.7

18 Sodium as Na mg/l 57.5 165.2 76.5 58.7 15.5 233.0

19 Potassium as k mg/l 8.7 25.6 2.9 3.5 2.8 12.8

20 Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH

mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

21 Cyanides as CN- mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

22 Anionic Detergents mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

23 Mineral Oil mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

25 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

27 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.03

28 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.06 0.03 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.01

29 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.27 0.05 0.02 <0.01 0.02 0.05

30 Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

31 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

32 Zinc as Zn mg/l <0.01 0.04 <0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02

33 Aluminum as Al mg/l 0.02 0.08 <0.01 0.04 0.23 <0.01

34 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

35 Pesticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

36 E. Coil mg/l Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent

37

Total Coli forms

MPN/ 100 ml

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

<2

$-Limits not specified

Sampling Locations

GW1-Chunabelar village

GW4-Rangiyagarh village

GW2-Pipal village

GW5-Abhaychandrapur

GW3-Baureabalanda village

GW6-Jhimani village

3.4.3.1 Surface Water Quality






The results of the parameters analyzed for the 4 surface water samples are presented in Table-3.9. The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 7.3 to 8.2, which is well within the specified standard of 6.8 to 8.5. The maximum pH of 8.2 was observed at Pond near by Railway Station (SW4) and the minimum pH of 7.3 was observed at Taldanda Canal (SW3). The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration are found to be ranging in between 400 to 5495 mg/l. Maximum TDS was observed to be at Mahanadi River (SW1) and minimum TDS was observed at Pond near by Railway station (SW4). Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 120 to 950 mg/l. The maximum hardness (950 mg/l) was observed at Mahanadi River (SW1), and the minimum (120 mg/l) was observed at Pond near by Railway station (SW4).

Nutrients Nitrates are found varying in between 0.9 to 12.6 mg/l and found to be well within the permissible limits. Potassium found ranging in between 2.0 to 47.8mg/l.

Heavy Metals The Heavy metals are found to be below detectable limits.

3.4.3.2 Ground Water Quality

The results of the parameters analyzed for the six (6) Ground water samples are presented in Table-3.10. The ground water sampling locations are shown in Figure-3.5. The analysis results indicate that the pH ranges in between 6.6 to 8.0, which is well within the specified standard of 6.5 to 8.5. The maximum pH of 8.0 was observed at GW5 (Abhaychandrapur village) and the minimum pH of 6.6 was observed at GW1 Chunabelar village. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration are found to be ranging in between 273 to 1284 mg/l. Maximum TDS was observed to be at Jhimani village (GW6) and minimum TDS was observed at Abhaychandrapur village (GW5). Total hardness was observed to be ranging from 101 to 163 mg/l. The maximum hardness was observed at Bauriabalanda village (GW3) and the minimum was observed at Abhaychandrapur village (GW5).

Nutrients






Nitrates are found varying in between 2.1 to 10.9 mg/l and found to be well within the permissible limits. Potassium found ranging in between 2.8 to 25.6 mg/l.

Heavy Metals The Heavy metals are found to be below detectable limits. Treated water quality of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is given in Table no.3.11.

TABLE 3.11: TREATED WATER QUALITY (March – May 2017)

PARAMETER LIMIT March April May AVERAGE

pH 6.0 - 8.5 7.3 7.2 7.59 7.34

Oil & Grease 5 4.6 4.5 2.01 3.70

BOD 15 13.1 12.7 13.60 13.15

COD 125 114.3 115.1 89 106.15

TSS 20 12.8 16.6 3.5 10.97

Phenols 0.35 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.05

Sulphides 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.45 0.48

CN 0.2 0 0.03 0.03 0.03

Ammonia as N 15 0 0 5.009 1.67

TKN 40 0 0 5.98 1.99

P 3 0 0.26 0.38 0.21

Cr (Hexavalent) 0.1 0 0 0 0.00

Cr (Total) 2 0 0 0 0.00

Pb 0.1 0 0 0.01 0.00

Hg 0.01 0 0 0 0.00

Zn 5 0 0 0.08 0.03

Ni 1 0 0.041 0 0.01

Cu 1 0 0.04 0.01 0.02

V 0.2 0 0.01 0 0.00

Benzene 0.1 0 0 <5 ppb <5

Benzo (a) -Pyrene 0.2 0 0 <5 ppb <5

From the above table it can be noted that all the above parameters are within limits.






FIGURE 3.5: GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS 3.5 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

For studying soil profile of the region, four soil sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area.

TABLE 3.12: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Sr. No. Code Location

1 S1 Rangiagarh

2 S2 Chunabelar village

3 S3 Pipal village

4 S4 Bauriabalanda village

5 S5 Rangiagarh village

6 S6 Abhaychandrapur village

7 S7 Jhimani village






The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the expansion activities. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:

To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area;

To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics; and

To determine the impact on soils.

A soil sample was collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and is homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 and Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized sample was analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico-chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) analyzer.

3.5.1 Baseline Soil Status

It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly clay to sandy clay in the study area. It has been observed that the pH of the soil ranged from 6.2 to 8.4.

The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 44.1-6000 µS/cm, with the maximum observed at Bauriabalanda and the minimum at Rangiagarh during the study period. The phosphorus values ranged between 17.2 – 298.1Kg/ha. The maximum value 298.1Kg/ha was found at Rangiagarh area and the minimum value 17.2 Kg/ha at Abhaychandrapur. The phosphorous values are varied from sufficient quantity within >80 more than sufficient as per standard soil classifications. The nitrogen values ranged between 13.9 – 110.8 Kg/ha. The maximum value was observed at Bauribalanda village. The minimum value was observed at Abhaychandrapur village (S6). The maximum value of nitrogen is coming within a range of 101-150 good as per standard soil classification. The potassium values ranged between 84.1-857.4 kg/ha. The maximum value was found at Bauribalanda village and the minimum value was observed at Rangiagarh village. The potassium values vary from very less to more than sufficient category as per standard soil classification. The results of the parameters analyzed for the Soil samples are presented in Table-3.13. The soil sampling locations are shown in Figure-3.6.






TABLE 3.13: SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS

Sr. No.

Parameter UOM S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

1 pH (1:5 Aq.Extract) ---- 6.9 6.8 7.3 6.7 7.2 8.4 6.2

2 Conductivity (1:5 Aq.Extract)

µS/cm 6000 82.7 128 1720 44.1 162 1027

3 Texture ---- clay Sandy Sandy clay

Sandy clay

Sandy Sandy clay

Sandy clay

4 Sand % 28 54 43 46 56 41 47

5 Silt % 20 15 23 22 10 23 21

6 Clay % 52 31 34 32 34 36 32

7 Bulk Density mg/cc 0.97 1.23 1.16 1.12 1.25 1.12 1.18

8 Exchangeable Calcium as Ca

mg/kg 1099.4 299.9 899.3 499.9 99.9 2096.7 1091.7

9 Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg

mg/kg 1212.9 60.7 606.3 728 60.6 60.6 602.2

10 Exchangeable Sodium as Na

mg/kg 5121.9 28.4 187.5 1741.1 21.9 47.8 356.1

11 Available Potassium as K Kg/ha 329.9 104.6 156.9 857.4 84.1 163.5 260.8

12 Available Phosphorous as P

Kg/ha 69.4 268.1 121.9 74.9 298.1 17.2 27.2

13 Available Nitrogen as N Kg/ha 42.1 56.7 32.6 110.8 15.4 13.9 42.9

14 Organic Matter % 0.77 0.82 0.50 1.76 0.22 0.22 0.65

15 Organic Carbon % 0.45 0.48 0.29 1.02 0.13 0.13 0.38

16 Water Soluble Chloride as Cl

mg/kg 320.1 141.5 352.5 2475.1 70.8 211.9 495.0

17 Water Soluble Sulphate as SO4

mg/kg 98.0 7.7 165.7 735.3 10.2 115.0 2084.4

18 Sodium Absorption Ratio ---- 25.3 0.39 1.18 11.6 21.9 0.28 2.15

19 Aluminum % 2.49 0.51 1.21 1.77 0.18 0.68 1.07

20 Total Iron % 3.17 0.87 2.6 2.25 0.37 1.19 1.76

21 Manganese mg/kg 232.3 259.6 338.1 118.9 99.4 178.9 223

22 Boron mg/kg 32.9 22.0 29.8 29.7 21.9 23.9 23.8

23 Zinc mg/kg 52.3 26.0 37.8 39.6 11.9 25.8 31.7






FIGURE 3.6: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS

TABLE 3.14: STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION

Sr. No Soil Test Classification

1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.0 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline

2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity (ppm) (1 ppm =640 µmho/cm)

Upto 1.00 Average 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts)

3 Organic Carbon (%) Upto 0.2: very less






Sr. No Soil Test Classification

0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient

4 Nitrogen (kg/ha) Upto 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient

5 Phosphorus (kg/ha) Upto 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium, 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient

6 Potash (kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient

Source: Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi

3.6 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 3.6.1 Introduction

A detailed ecological survey of the study area was conducted, particularly with reference to listing of species and assessment of the existing baseline ecological (Terrestrial) conditions in the study area.

3.6.2 Objectives

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives:

To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the existing project site;

To assess the distribution of animal life spectra;

To understand the productivity of the water bodies;

To identify and quantify the ethno botanical importance of the plant species;

To ascertain migratory routes of fauna; and

Possibility of presence of breeding grounds, if any.






3.6.3 Methodology Adopted for the Survey

To achieve the above objectives, a detailed study of the area was undertaken. The different methods adopted were as follows:

Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature and Government agencies;

Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area;

Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and their uses; and

Gathering data for ethno biology. 3.6.4 Terrestrial Ecological Status

Selection of sampling locations was made with reference to topography, land use, vegetation pattern, etc. The observations were taken on village forest and non-forest area (agricultural field, catchment area, on hills, in plain areas, village wasteland, etc.) as per the objectives and guidelines of MoEF for Environmental Impact Assessment. All observations were taken in and around sampling locations for spatial distribution and qualitative representation of different species. The list of sampling location for Terrestrial is given in Table-3.15 and is shown in Figure-3.7.

TABLE 3.15: TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS


TE-1 Paradwipgarh

TE-2 Bhutamundai

TE-3 Rangiagarh

TE-4 Atharabanki

TE-5 Udaychandpur

The primary data was generated through:

Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the study area. This would indicate wild and cultivated plants. The plants so encountered were classified into life form spectrum according to the Raunkiaer's classification of life form spectrum;

Undertaking of Phytosociological studies by using list count quadrate method for woody and herbaceous flora in forest areas sufficient number of quadrates of 100-m2 size was adopted for study, which is based on the area species curve. The number of quadrates depended on actual field requirements.

Estimating basal areas of trees and shrubs at breast height [132 cm from ground or above buttresses];

Studying of herbaceous and woody flora by taking 10 and 20 quadrates at each location having 100 m2;

Determining frequency, abundance, relative frequency, relative density, relative dominance and importance value indices using Mueller-Dombois-Ellenberge Theory [1974];






Determining the bird population of migratory and local birds by taking 10 random readings at every location;

Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles, noting their calls, droppings, burrows, pugmarks and other signs; and

Interviewing local inhabitants for knowing the uses of plants and animals and to get ethno biological data.

Terrestrial ecology within study area (10km all along the conveyor project)

In primary survey, monoculture of casuarina equsetifolia poles planted by forest department was observed.

Terrestrial Ecology status in the Area

The area is extremely rich in vegetation. The luxuriant green leaves covered the areas. In the village area, Acanthus, Pandanus, Opuntia etc, form dense bush. Different species of Pandanus are very common by the side of village road. In the sea beach area, casuarinas form a beautiful green forest, which is called casuarina association.

The plantation programme around the coastal region is basically Casuarina sp, which also grows naturally in abundance. Different species of Acacia are also frequently found along with Coconut palms, Betel nut palm etc. Along with these, Terminalia, Ailanthus, Eucalyptus, Borassus, Zyzyphus, Tectona etc are also noteworthy.

The shrubs like Piper betle, Calotrapis, Datura, Solanum, Acanthus, Opuntia, Ricinus, and Lantana etc. are also dominant in this area. The recorded Tree species have been listed in Table-3.16.

TABLE 3.16: LIST OF TREES IN THE PARADIP REGION

Sr. No Scientific Name Family Common Name

1 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Bel

2 Alangium salvifolium Lecythidaceae Akar Kanta

3 Albizia lebbek Mimosaceae Sirish

4 Annona reticulate Annonaceae Nona ata

5 Antocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae Kanthal

6 A. lakoocha Moraceae Deuaphal

7 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem

8 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Akashmoni

9 A. mangium Mimosaceae Bara Pata Akashmoni

10 Achras zapota Sapotaceae Sabada

11 Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae Maharuk

12 Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae Kalo Sirish

13 A. procera Mimosaceae Safed Sirish

14 Alstonia macrophylla Apocynaceae Match StickTree

16 Anthocephalus cadamba Rubiaceae Kadam

17 Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Black Babool

18 Anogeissus acuminate Combretaceae Dharua

19 Barringtonia acutangula Lecythidaceae Hijal







20 B. racemosa Lecythidaceae Samudra

21 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Shimul

22 Butea monosperma Papilionaceae Palash

23 Carica papaya Caricaceae Pepe

24 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Caesalpiniaceae Krishnachura

25 Callistemon lanceolatus Myrtaceae Bottle Brush

26 Calophyllum inophyllum Clusiaceae Sultani Champa

27 Cassia biflora Leguminosae Cassia

28 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Debdaru

29 Dillenia indica Dilleniceae Chalta

30 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Neem

34 C. fistulla Caesalpiniaceae Bandar Lanthi

35 C. grandis Papilionaceae Horse Cassia

36 C. multijuga Leguminosae Tarwar

37 C. siamea Caesalpiniaceae Holud Sandal

38 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae Jhau

39 Couroupita guianensis Lecythidaceae Nagalingam

40 Crescentia cujete Bignoniaceae Calabus Tree

41 Coccoloba uvifera Polygonaceae Sea Grape

42 Diospyros kaki Ebenaceae Gab

43 D. peregrina Ebenaceae Gab

44 Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae Shishu

45 D. lanciolaria Fabaceae Chakemdia

46 Delonix regia Caesalpiniaceae Radha Chura

47 Dalbergia spinasa Fabaceae Red Wood

48 Erythrina ovalifolia Papilionaceae Harikakra

49 E. variegata Papilionaceae Farath

50 Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Blue Gum

51 E. citriodara Myrtaceae Citron Scented Gum

52 Excoecaria agallocha Euphorbiaceae Geon

53 Feronia limonia Rutaceae Kad Bel

54 Fieus benghalensis Moraceae Bat Gach

55 F. hispida Moraceae Fig

56 F. racemosa Moraceae Gular

57 F. religiosa Moraceae Ashwatha

58 F. benjamina Moraceae Javan Fig

59 Grewia asiatica Tiliaceae Phalsa

60 Gliricidia sepium Leguminosae Mougi Sirish

61 Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae Gamar

62 Hibiscus tiliaceous Malvaceae Bola, Chelwa

63 Holarrhena antidysenterica Apocynaceae Kurchi

64 Inga dulcis Papilionaceae Jilipi Babla

65 Jacaranda mimosifolia Bignoniaceae Vil Gulmohar

66 Kandelia candel Rhizophoraceae Candel Tree

67 Leucaena leucocephala Mimosaceae Subabul

68 Lagerstroemia speciosa Lythraceae Jarul







69 L. indica Lythraceae Pharash

70 Lumnitzera racemosa Combretaceae Kripa

71 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Mango

72 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae Sajne

73 Magnolia grandiflora Magnoliaceae Barachampa

74 Michelia champaka Magnoliaceae Champa

75 Morinda citrifolia Rubiaceae Achamia

76 Mimusops elengi Sapotaceae Bakul

77 Memecylan umbellatum Melastomataceae Iron Wood tree

78 M. edule Melastomataceae Iron Wood tree

79 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Oleaceae Sheuli

80 Polyalthia suberosa Annonaceae Barachali

81 Pongamia pinnata Papilionaceae Karanja

82 Poplus deltoides Salicaceae Poplur

83 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae Guava

84 Pterocarpus indicus Papilionaceae Malay Paduka

85 Putranjiva roxburghii Euphorbiaceae Child Life Tree

86 Premna barba Verbenaceae Premna

87 Peltophorum ferrugineum Caesalpiniaceae Radha chura

88 Plumeria acutifolia Apocynaceae Garur Champa

89 P. rubra Apocynaceae Garur Champa

90 Parkinsonia aculeate Caesalpiniaceae Viliyati Babul

91 Saraca indica Caesalpiniaceae Ashok

92 Sesbania grandiflora Papilionaceae Bak Ful

93 S. sesban Papilionaceae Jainti

94 Spondius pinnata Anacardiaceae Amra

95 Streblus asper Moraceae Sheara

96 Strychnos nuxvomica Lagamiaceae Kuchila

97 Syzygium cuminii Myrtaceae Kalo Jam

98 Samanea saman Mimosaceae Biliti Sirish

99 Swietenia mahogani Meliaceae Mehagani

100 S. macrophylla Meliaceae Barapata

101 Spathodia campanulata Bignoniaceae African Tulip Tree

102 Sonneratia alba Sonneratiaceae Urava

103 S. apetala Sonneratiaceae Keora

104 Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae Tentul

105 Trema orientalis Moraceae Jibanti

106 Trewia nudiflora Euphorbiaceae Pittuli

107 Tabebuia pallida Bignoniaceae Parul

108 Tecoma stans Bignoniaceae Chandra Prapha

109 Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Segun

110 Terminalia catappa Combretaceae Kath Badam

111 Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae White Murdah

112 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae Palas Pipul

113 Wrightia tomentosa Apocynaceae Dudhkoraiya

114 Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Kul






Shrubs, Herbs & Climbers

Some of the species of herbs, shrubs and climbers recorded during field investigation are listed in Table-3.17, Table-3.18 and Table-3.19 respectively.

TABLE 3.17: LIST OF SHRUBS IN THE REGION

S. No. Scientific Name Family Common Name

1 Acalypha hispida Euphorbiaceae Acalypha

2 Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae Akanda

3 C. Gigantea Asclepiadaceae Sweet Akanda

4 Canna indica Cannaceae Kalabati

5 Carissa carandas Apocynaceae Karamcha

6 C. esculanta Apocynaceae Karameha

7 Cassia alata Caesalpiniaceae Ring Worm Senna

8 C. occidentalis Caesalpiniaceae Kalkasunda

9 C. sophera Caesalpiniaceae Kalkasunda

10 C. tora Caesalpiniaceae Chakundi

11 Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae Nayantara

12 Capparis spinosa Capparidaceae Kabra

13 Cestrum nocturnum Solanaceae Hasnuhama

14 Codiaeum variegatum Euphobiaceae Pata Bahar

15 Crotalaria juncea Papilionaceae Shon Pat

16 Canavalia lineata Papilionaceae Horse Beam

17 Duranta spinosa Verbenaceae Golden Dew Drop

18 Euphorbia leucocephala Euphorbiaceae Pheeljhuri

19 E. nivulia Euphorbiaceae Sij Mansa

20 Excoecaria bicolor Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria

21 Gardenia gummifera Rubiaceae Dikamali

22 G. jasminoides Rubiaceae Gandharaj

23 Glycosmis pentaphylla Rutaceae Bonnimbu

24 Hibiscus mutabilis Malvaceae Sthal Padma

25 H. Rosa-sinensis Malvaceae Jaba

26 Ixora coccinea Rubiaceae Rangan

27 Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae Sweet Nerenda

28 I. gossypifolia Euphorbiaceae Varenda

29 Lantana camara Verbenaceae Chotra

30 L. depressa Verbenaceae Chotra

31 Musa sapientum Musaceae Kala

32 Mussaenda erythrophylla Rubiaceae Dhobibus

33 M. philippica Rubiaceae Patralekha

34 Moringa pterygosperma Moringaceae Sajna

35 Nerium indicum Apocynaceae Karobi

36 N. oleander Apocynaceae Rose Bay

37 Opuntia dillenii Cactaceae Phanimansa

38 Ocimum sp Labiatae Tulshi

39 Pandanus tectorius Pandanaceae Keya







40 P. foetidus Pandanaceae Keya Kanta

41 P. fascicularis Pandanaceae Keya

42 T. diuaricata Apocynaceae Tagar

43 Thevetia peruviana Apocynaceae Kolkaful 44 Piper betle Piperaceae Betel

TABLE 3.18: LIST OF HERBS IN THE REGION

Sr. No. Scientific Name Family Common Name

1 Abelmoschus manihot Malvaceae Bon Vendi

2 Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Patari

3 Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae Muktajhuri

4 Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Apang

5 Ageratum conyzoides Compositae Vehunti

6 Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae Kanta Notya

7 A. Viridis Amaranthaceae Ban Natya

8 Anisomeles ovata Labiatae Gobura

9 Blumea lacera Compositae Kukur Sunga

10 Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Punarnava

11 Bryophyllum sp Crassulaceae Patharkuchi

12 Celosia cristata Amaranthaceae Morog Jhuti

13 C. Argentia Amaranthaceae Swet Murga

14 Cleome gynandra Capparidaceae Swet Hurhuria

15 C. Rutidosperma Capparidaceae Hurhuria

16 C. Viscosa Capparidaceae Holud Hurhuria

17 Crotalaria retusa Papilionaceae Bil Jhun Jhun

18 Croton bonplandianum Euphorbiaceae Croton

19 Datura metel Solanaceae Dhutura

20 D. Suaveolens Solanaceae Dhutura

21 Dentella repens Rubiaceae Bhuipot

22 Dieffenbachia seguine Araceae Ice Pot

23 Duranta repens Verbenaceae Pigeon Berry

24 Ecbolium linneanum Acanthaceae Udajati

25 Eclipta alba Asteraceae Keshut

26 Eupatorium odoratum Compositae Tibra Gandha

27 E. Triplinerve Compositae Ayapana

28 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Barokheruie

29 Heliotropium indicum Boraginaceae Haotisur

30 Hibiscus vitifolius Malvaceae Ban Kapas

31 Hyptis suaveolens Labiatae Bilati Tulshi

32 Jatropha podagrica Euphorbiaceae Jatropha

33 Lathyrus aphaca Papilionaceae Jangli Matar

34 Leonurus sibiricus Labiatae Raktadran

35 Leucas lavendulaefolia Labiatae Halkasa

36 Lindenbergia indica Scrophulariaceae Haldi Basanta

37 Lippia nodiflora Verbenaceae Bhutbhuti






Sr. No. Scientific Name Family Common Name

38 Malachra capitata Malvaceae Pardeshibhind

39 Nelsonia campestris Acanthaceae Nelsania

40 Oldenlandia corymbosa Rubiaceae Khetpapra

41 O. Paniculata Rubiaceae Khetpapra

42 Oxalis acetosella Oxalidaceae Amrul

43 O. corniculata Oxalidaceae Amrul

44 Pancratium parvum Amaryllidaceae Sukh Darshan

45 Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae Parthenium

46 Phyllanthus niruri Euphorbiaceae Bhui amla

47 Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae Baralaniya

48 Pouzolzia indica Urticaceae Youdich

49 Rouvolfia canescens Apocynaceae Barachandrica

50 Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae Chatpati

51 Rungia parviflora Acanthaceae Hasa Arak

52 Rumex dentatus Polygonaceae Amruli

53 Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Madukam

54 Sesuvium portulacastrum Aizoaceae Jadu Palang

55 Sida acuta Malvaceae Sweet Berela

56 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Swet Berela

57 S. Rhombifolia Malvaceae Lal Berela

58 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Kakmachi

59 S. torvum Solanaceae Bon Begun

60 Spilanthes acmella Compositae Pipulka

61 Tephrosia purpurea Papilionaceae Ban Neel

62 Tridax procumbens Compositae Tridakshya

63 Triumfetta rhomboidea Tiliaceae Bonokra

64 Urena sinuata Malvaceae Kunjia

65 Vernonia cinerea Compositae Kukshim

66 Wedelia calendulacea Compositae Keshraj

67 Xanthium strumarium Compositae Bankara

68 Gnaphalium palvinatum Asteraceae Bal Raksha

69 Solanum ferox Solanaceae Ram Begun

70 Rungia pectinata Acanthaceae Hasarak

71 Agave cantala Liliaceae Bombay Aloe

72 Sansevieria roxburghiana Liliaceae Garachakra

73 Phyllanthus urinaria Euphorbiaceae Hazarmani

74 Rumex maritimus Polygonaceae Bon Palung

75 Suaeda nudiflora Chenopodiaceae Geria

76 Alternanthera sesselis Amaranthaceae Giojihra






TABLE 3.19: LIST OF CLIMBERS IN THE REGION


1. Allamanda cathartica Apocynaceae Harkakra

2. Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae Ishvarimul

3. Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae Satamuli

4. Coccinia cordifolia Cucurbitaceae Telakucha

5. Gelsemium sempervirens Longaniaceae Climbing Jui

6. Derris scandens Papilionaceae Noalaya

7. Holboellia latifolia Lardizabalaceae Gophal

8. Ipomoea bona nox Convolvulaceae Dudhiakalmi

9. I. nil Convolvulaceae Nil Kalmi

10. I. pestigridis Convolvulaceae Langulilata

11. Luffa cylindrica Cucurbitaceae Dhudul

12. Lagenaria siceraria Cucurbitaceae Lau

13. Mikania micrantha Asteraceae Germani Lata

14. M. scandens Compositae Ravan Lata

15. Mucuna prurita Papilionaceae Alkhusi

16. Quisqualis indica Combretaceae Madhabi Lata

17. Scindapsus aureus Areceae Money Plant

18. Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Golancha

19. Vitis trifolia Vitaceae Amul Lata

20. Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae Chupri Aloo

21. Calamus viminalis Palmae Barabet

22. Calamus rotung Palmae Bet

23. Tylophora asthmatica Asclepiadaceae Muli, Antomul

24. Dischidia nummularia Asclepiadaceae Bandikuri

25. Hoya parasitica Asclepiadaceae Common Wax Plant

26. Finlaysonia abovata Asclepiadaceae Dudhilata

27. D. uliginosa Leguminosae Panlata

28. Mucuna gigantea Leguminosae Turi Bilangi

3.6.5 Terrestrial Fauna

Terrestrial Fauna within Study area. Common drongo, house swift and house crow among avi fauna and Jackal, monkey and wild pig among mammals were observed within the study area.

Terrestrial Fauna in the Region. The region is also very rich in faunal wealth. Different kinds of butterflies, reptiles, amphibians, aquatic birds, avi fauna etc. are also present in good number. The beach line avifauna especially egrets, cormorants, ducks, open bill etc. are often captured by the resident population.

Dragonflies like Evening Hawker, Scarlet Skimmer and Slender Skimmer are frequently seen. Butterflies like Monarch, Swallow tail, Lemon Pansy, Common Indian Crow, Trailed Jay, Plain Tiger etc. are mainly common in the proposed project site. The species observed are presented in Table-3.20. It may be observed from the tables that the species observed are of general nature.






TABLE 3.20: LIST OF AVI-FAUNA IN THE REGION

S. No. Scientific Name Common Name Habitant Status

1 Dinopium benghalense Golden Backed Wood Pecker R

2 Clamator jacobinus Pied Cuckoo M

3 Cuculum varius Common Hawk Cuckoo RM

4 Centropus sinensis Coucal R

5 Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet RM

6 P. krameri Rose Ringed Parakeet R

7 Apus pacifieus House Swift R

8 Cypsiurus balasiensis Palm Swift RM

9 Columba livia Rock Pigeon R

10 Streptopeliua chinensis Spotted Dove R

11 S. decaocta Collarded Dove RM

12 Milvus migrans Pariah Kite R

13 Gyps bengalensis White Rumped Vulture R

14 Lanius tephronotus Gray Backed Shrike RM

15 Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufous Treepie R

16 Corvus splendens House Crow R

17 C. macrorhynchos Large Billed Crow R

18 Artamus fuscus Ashy Wood Swallow R

19 Oriolus oriolus Eurarian Golden Oriole M

20 O. xanthornus Black Hooded Oriole R

21 Dicrurus macrocurcus Black Drongo R

22 D. leucophaeus Ashy Drongo RM

23 D. aeneus Bronzed Drongo R

24 Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin R

25 Sturnus contra Asian Pied Myna R

26 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna R

27 A. fuscus Jungle Myna RM

28 Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow M

29 Pycnonotus jocosus Red Whiskered Bulbul R

30 P. cafer Red Vented Bulbul R

31 Acrocephalus aedon Thick Billed Wrabler M

32 Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailored Bird R

33 Passer domesticus House Sparrow R

34 Motacilla alba White Wagtail RM

35 M. flava Yellow Wagtail M

36 Lenchura malacca Black headed Munia R

37 Acrocephalus stentoreus Indian Great Red Wrabler M

38 Vanellus cinereus Grey Headed Lapwing M

39 V. indicus Red Wattled Lapwing R

40 Pluvialis apricaria Golden Plaver M

41 Upupa epops Common Hoopoe R

N.B. - R-Residential, M- Migratory, RM- Residential and Migratory






TABLE 3.21: LIST OF FAUNA IN THE REGION

3.6.6 Aquatic Ecosystem

Unpolluted fresh water is amongst the most endangered of our natural resources, basically fragile communities that supports may similarly be under threat. With increased understanding of the process that operates in these dynamic assemblages of species, attention has been directed towards the effect exerted by different groups of the substances such as heavy metals and organic substances on the aquatic plant and animal communities. An attempt has been made to generate baseline data of the water bodies in study area to know the existing biological spectrum. This information will give a

S. No. Scientific Name Common Name Schedule

1 Gecko gecko Tucktoo Schedule IV

2 Hemidactylus

leschenumti Tree Gecko Schedule IV

3 Hemidactylus

flaviviridis Wall Lizard Schedule IV

4 Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Schedule IV

5 Trimeresurus

gramineus Bamboo Pit Riper Schedule IV

6 Varanus sp Water Monitor Schedule II

SNAKES

7 Ptyas mucosus Common Rat Snake Schedule II

8 Vipera russelli Russell's Viper Schedule II

9 Naja naja King Cobra Schedule II

10 Bungarus Caeruleus Common Indian Krait Schedule III

11 Ahaetulla Iristes Common Indian Bronze Back Schedule III

12 Bungarus Fasciatus Sakhamuti Schedule III

MAMMALS

1 Bos indicus Cow Schedule IV

2 Canis familiaris Dog Schedule IV

3 Capra benghalensis Goat Schedule IV

4 Bubalus indicus Buffalo Schedule IV

5 Suneus murinus House Shrew Schedule IV

6 Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey Schedule II

7 Presbytis entellus Langur Schedule II

8 Canis aureus Jackal Schedule II

9 Viverricula indica Small Indian Civet Schedule IV

10

Paradoxurus harmaphroditus Palm Civet

Schedule IV

11 Funumbulus sp Squirrel Schedule IV

12 Mus musculus House Mouse Schedule IV

13 Bandicota bengalensis Indian Mole Rat Schedule IV

14 Vulpes bengalensis Fox Schedule II

15 Sus scrofa Wild Pig Schedule III






clear picture of current load of pollution or inflows coming from surrounding areas to the aquatic bodies.

3.6.6.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

Four water samples for plankton study were collected from lentic ecosystem. The samples were collected 0.3 m from surface of the water. The details of the sampling locations are presented in Table-3.22.

TABLE 3.22: DETAILS OF AQUATIC SAMPLING LOCATIONS

Code Locations

AE-1 At Santra Creek

AE-2 Near South Jetty

The samples were collected in one liter capacity polyethylene cans and the samples were fixed with 4% buffered formaline solution. For the measurement of frequencies of various forms of phyto-plankton and zoo-plankton, one drop of the sediment plankton was mounted on a microslide and as many as 10 different microscope fields situated at more or less even distances from each other were examined and the number of Importance organisms counted (Lackey Method, 17th edition, APHA, AWWA 1992). The plankton forms were identified upto species level and Shannon Weaver’s index was calculated.

Macrophytes and fish faunas

he aquatic macrophytic vegetation is most common in the roadside swamp, canal, aquatic fields, and village pond and rice field. Secondary information was also collected from different sources, such as local villagers. Fresh Water Fish fauna has been listed in Table-3.23. The detailed analysis of fish data also indicates that a larger number of well-diversified fish species are available in that area.

TABLE 3.23: LIST OF FRESH WATER FISH IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name

1. Chela laubuca Beki chela

2. Salmostoma sardinella Chela

3. Amblypharyagodon mola Morola

4. Catla catla Katla

5. Cirrhinus reba Mrigal

6. Labeo rohita Rohu

7. L. bata Bata

8. Puntinus saphere Punthi

9. P. tieto Tita punthi

10. Aorichths seenhala Arr-Tangra

11. Ompok pada Padba

12. Clarius batrachus Magur

13. Notopterus chitala Chital







14. N. notopterus Falui

15. Channa striatus Shol

16. Gonialosa Sanmina Khoira

17. Barilius bola Bhola

18. Mystus seenghala Catfish

19. M. canasius Catfish

20. Rita rita Rita

21. Channa striatus Stripped snakehead

22. Chanda nama Glassy perch

23. Nandus nandus Nandesus

24. Mastacembelus armatus Spiny eel

Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton’s are the primary producers of an ecosystem and thus, help maintain DO of a water body. If there is any reduction in number of phytoplankton, it ultimately affects the whole ecosystem. The phytoplankton’s, as observed during the field investigation are represented in Table-3.24.

TABLE 3.24: LIST OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Scientific Name

1. Microcystis sp.

2. Oscillatoria sp.

3. Aphanocapsa sp.

4. Chroococus sp.

5. Vaucheria sp.

6. Enteromorpha sp.

7. Ulva sp.

8. Euglena sp

9. Spirogyra sp

10. Oedogonium sp

11. Closterium sp

12. Pediastrum sp

13. Pleurosigma sp

14. Nitzchia sp

15. Navicula sp

16. Surirelia sp

17. Fragilaria sp

18. Dictylum sp

19. Melosira sp

20. Coscinodiscus sp

21. Thalassiothrix sp

22. Chaetoceros sp

23. Eudorina sp

24. Scenedesmus sp






Zooplankton

In the collected samples, Zooplankton consists mainly of Nauplii, Daphnia and Cyclops. Details of the zooplanktons observed in the post monsoon season are presented in Table-3.25.

TABLE 3.25: LIST OF ZOOPLANKTON IN THE STUDY AREA


1. Ciliates

2. Moina sp

3. Ceriodaphnia sp

4. Cyclops sp

5. Rotifer

6. Nauplius sp

Algae

10 species of algae were listed from Paradip port area. The common species were Enteromorpha compressa, Cladophora uncinella, Lyngbya lutea, Oscillatoria subbrevis etc. Details of the algae observed in the post-monsoon season are presented in Table-3.26.

TABLE 3.26: LIST OF ALGAE OBSERVED IN THE STUDY AREA


CYANOPHYTA

1 Aphanocapsa moontana

2 Chroococcus turgidus

3 Dermocapra olivacea

4 Lyngbya lutea

5 Spirogyra sp

6 Oscillatoria subbrevis

XANTHOPHYTA

7 Vaucheria submarina

CHOLOROPHYTA

8 Enteromorpha compressa

9 Ulva lactuca

10 Cladophora uncinella

3.7 MARINE ENVIRONMENT

The state of Odisha has 480 km of coastal belt, 0.65 million hectares of fresh water and 0.59 million hectares of brackish water area. The total quantity of fish produced from fresh water, brackish water and marine water was 257.662 Metric tonnes in 1994-95. Exploitation of marine fish resources and culture of prawns in back-water areas are the two promising areas for increasing the export potential of the state.






The ocean water is very unique in the sense that it has the great dissolving power and because of this capacity it is able to dissolve most of the salts and sediments brought in by large number of rivers. The ocean water is also unique for its week acid and buffering power. Because of these special characteristics only the salinity and most of other chemical constituents of ocean water does not change much specially in the open ocean. However in recent past it has been observed that due to different kinds of human intervention through the developmental activities like, extensive urbanization, industrialization, construction of ports and harbours, etc. have affected the coastal water characteristics. The coastal area accommodates around 25% of total population by virtue of its geographical location.

The likely sources of coastal pollution at Paradip are:

Municipal Sewage Industrial Effluent Aquaculture Effluent Ports & Harbours Fisheries Harbours Fish Processing Industries Salt Pans Tourist Resorts / beaches Solid Waste Dumping, etc.

The domestic effluent or the municipal wastewater constitutes the largest single source of coastal pollution, followed by the discharges from the industries, ports and harbours etc. Considering the importance of the coastal ecosystem, this study has been undertaken to assess the prevailing ecological condition of paradip coast of Odisha.

Collection method: Water, Plankton (Phyto and Zooplankton) and sediments were collected from the south jetty point as per the standard protocol. A vessel was hired to reach the sampling site. Plankton was collected using slandered plankton net. Sediment was collected with the help of Ekman Grab. Temp, pH, DO, CO2 and Alkalinity were immediately analysed. Rest of the sample was preserved and analysed later using standard method as per APHA 1998 & the result is given in Table-3.27.

TABLE 3.27: WATER AND SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Sr. No Parameter Unit Quality

1 Water Temp. 0C 27.1

2 Salinity ppt 34.2

3 DO mg/l 4.4

4 Free CO2 - Nil

5 Total Alkalinity mg/L 142

6 Water pH - 8.1

7 Turbidity NTU 26.0

8 Conductivity µmhos/cm 42500

9 Total Hardness mg/l 5860

10 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 39514







11 Sediment pH - 8.4

12 Sediment Organic Carbon

% 1.15

Fish fauna

As per the market survey and secondary information, marine water fish fauna has been collected and is listed in Table-3.28. The detailed analysis of fish data also indicates that a larger number of well-diversified fish species are available in the area. Species wise and year wise marine fish landing in fishing harbour is given in Table-3.28 and the species diversity index is given in Table-3.29.

TABLE 3.28: LIST OF MARINE FISH IN THE STUDY AREA


1 Carchartinus sp Sharks

2 Barbus chwanenfeldi Barb

3 Gymnura sp Rays

4 Thrissina sp Clupeids

5 Epinephelus alexandrinus Timid fish

6 Lepturacanthus sp Ribbon Fish

7 Aequedens pulcher Blue acara

8 Parastromateus sp Black Pomphret

9 Chana puntatus Bombay duck

10 Scomberomous sp Mackerel

11 Psettodes sp Flat Fish

12 Hilsa ilisha Hilsa Fish

13 Abudefduf bengalensis Bombin

14 Dasytis centroura Sting ray

15 Rhinocanthus verrucosus Trigger Fish

16 Mastacembelus armatus Spiny Eel

TABLE 3.29: SPECIES WISE AND YEARWISE MARINE FISH LANDING IN

FISHING HARBOUR, PARADIP (IN MT)

Sr.No

Name of the Species

YEAR

05-06 06-07 07/08 up to January’08

1 Shark 126.30 86.36 78.88

2 Skates 28.57 30.70 43.08

3 Rays 192.11 125.48 227.42

4 Other Saridon 8.24 7.69 6.75

5 Thrissocles Nil 15.03 122.50

6 Wilisashed - - 5.350

7 Anchovies 431.93 1942.07 682.72

8 Emegalops 695.84 349.63 377.47

9 Harpodon nehures 15.23 - 6.27






Sr.No

Name of the Species

YEAR

05-06 06-07 07/08 up to January’08

10 Silver Bar 153.88 256.24 121.41

11 Ribbon fish 1855.90 2259.40 4877.63

12 Clupeids 778.84 442.26 323.76

13 Indian Mackerel 950.13 2662.78 554.68

14 S. commerson - 19.93 25.97

15 Bombay Duck 11.98 135.02 77.08

16 Tunnies - 15.06 -

17 Spiny Eel 313.70 272.44 290.33

18 Cat fish 379.11 263.95 366.60

19 Treadfin Breams 81.19 190.45 87.90

20 Sciaenids 31..072 2737.67 2691.44

21 Leignathus 408.14 612.06 572.76

22 Black Pomphret 567.01 265.17 257.83

23 Silver Pomphret 744.27 449.62 542.99

24 Flat fish 821.90 839.97 424.76

25 Bagda 281.39 240.45 197.59

26 Galda 566.59 602.58 379.41

27 Metapinus Prawn 1121.64 3006.20 2960.65

28 Non-penacid prawn 381.77 171.73 117.30

29 Crab 376.11 170.08 530.15

30 Squid & Cuttle fish 242.64 429.11 327.05

31 Miscellaneous 2968.94 2075.62 2335.63

TOTAL 14503.35 20674.75 19613.36

TABLE 3.30: SPECIES DIVERSITY INDEX OF MARINE FISH

OF THE STUDY AREA

Sr. No. Type of Fish Quantity (%)

1 Sharks 17

2 Barb 14

3 Rays 13

4 Clupeids 7

5 Timid fish 6

6 Ribbon Fish 6

7 Blue acara 5

8 Black Pomphret 5

9 Bombay duck 4

10 Mackerel 4

11 Flat Fish 3

12 Hilsa Fish 2

13 Rays 2

14 Lizard fish 2

15 Cephalopods 2

16 Sardine 1







17 Eels 1

18 Sharks 1

19 Skates 1

20 Others 4

Shannon’s species diversity index 2.634

From the above results, the following conclusions may be drawn:

The water and sediment quality is within the limit;

There may not be any problem for general survival of the organisms;

Plankton population is moderate; and

Diversity index indicates low to moderate plankton diversity.

SANTRA CREEK






NORTH REFINERY

FIGURE 3.7: PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ECOLOGICAL SURVEY

3.8 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS

In this section, the prevailing socio-economic aspects of people in the study area, which would form the basis for making planning efforts for the socio-economic development of people of the study area, have been described. Photographs showing the socio economic survey are shown in Figure-3-16.

3.8.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes primary survey and review of

published secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks-2011) with respect to population, occupational structure and infrastructure facilities available for 10km all along the conveyor project. Based on the primary data and available secondary information a database is developed. The database was screened, updated and analyzed to know the socio-economic status of the population.

3.8.2 Demography

Almost all villages in the study area are experiencing a rapid growth of population, which may be due to the process of industrialization.






Distribution of Population

As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 180608 populations inhabited in study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in Table-3.31.

TABLE 3.31: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

Particulars Within Study Area

No. of Households 41052

Male Population 91436

Female Population 89172

Total Population 180608

Male Population (0-6 years) 9383

Female Population (0-6 years) 8679

Total Population (0-6 years) 18062

Average Household Size 4.39

% of males to the total population 50.62

% of females to the total population 49.37

Sex Ratio (%age of females per 1000 males) 97.52

Source: Primary Survey & District Census Hand Book–2011

The males and females constitute to about 50.62% and 49.37% of the study area population respectively.

Average Household Size

The study area has a family size of 4.39. Sex Ratio

The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 50.62% and females to 49.37% of the total population. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males’ percentage is about 97.52 within the study area.

3.8.3 Social Structure

In the study area, about 24.97% of the population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 0.64% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). The distribution of population by social structure is shown in Table-3.32.

TABLE 3.32: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Particulars Within the Study Area

Schedule caste 45103

% To the total population 24.97

Schedule Tribes 1157

% To the total population 0.64







Total SC and ST population 46260

% To total population 25.61

Total population 180608

Source: Primary Survey & District Census Hand Book–2011 3.8.4 Literacy Levels The study area experiences a literacy rate of 77.12%. The distribution of literate and

literacy rate in the study area is given in Table-3.33.

TABLE 3.33: DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES


Male literates 75495

Female literates 63795

Total literates 139290

Male literacy rate (%) 54.19

Female literacy rate (%) 45.80

Total Literacy rate (%) 77.12

Source: Primary Survey & District Census Hand Book–2011

The male literacy i.e. the percentage of literate males to the total males of the study area works out to be 54.19%. The female literacy rate, which is an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 45.80% in the study area.

3.8.5 Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural labourers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services.

The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.

As per the survey and 2011 census records altogether the main workers works out to be 24.48% of the total population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 10.93% and 64.58% of the total population respectively. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant population. The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table-3.34.






TABLE 3.34: OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE


Total Population 180608

Total workers 63965

Work participation rate (%) 35.41

Total main workers 44215

% of main workers to total population 24.48

Marginal workers 19750

% of marginal workers to total population 10.93

Non-workers 116643

% of non-workers to total population 64.58

Source: Primary Survey & District Census Hand Book–2011 3.8.6 Health environment

The following are the details of the Public Health Amenities available in paradip municipality for 17th, 18th wards. The details were collected from medical officer, Jagatsingpur district.

Urban Health Centre : One No. of sub centres : One Doctors in PHC : One (Homeopathy) Total number of ANMs : One No. of Beds in PHC : Not Available Male workers : Not Available Staff nurse : One Pharmacist : One Lab technician : Not Available Asha : Six

TABLE 3.35: PATIENTS TREATED FROM JANUARY 2012-OCTOBER 2012

Month Total No. of

Patients Treated Male Female Children

January 1000 500 400 100

February 900 450 400 50

March 800 300 300 200

April 800 290 310 200

May 700 300 250 150

June 1200 400 400 400

July 1500 500 500 500

August 1700 600 600 500

September 800 300 300 200

October 700 250 250 250

Source: Report from Medical Officer, District Jagatsinghpur






TABLE 3.36: MATERNITY CASES

Normal Deliveries

Abnormal Deliveries

Total Deliveries

Forceps Deliveries

Caesarian Deliveries

Other (Home

Domiciliary)

120 10 130 3 1 60


TABLE 3.37: PATIENTS TREATED IN EACH CATEGORY OF DISEASE

Sr.No Disease No. of Patients Treated

1 Amoebiasis 20

2 Infection coli enteritis and gastro enteritis 120

3 Pulmonary tuberculosis 9

4 Other helmenthiosis 200

5 Disorder of thyroid gland 2

6 Diabetic mellitus 25

7 Cataract 15

8 Hypertensive heart disease 50

9 Conjunctivitis 2

10 Acute tonsillitis 10

11 Other acute upper respiration 200

12 Bronchitis chronic and asthma 10

13 Ulcer stomach and endowments 30

14 Other disease of skin and subcutaneous tissues

20

15 Other disorder of joints 100







FIGURE 3.1: SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY

.






CHAPTER – 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS &

MITIGATION MEASURES






4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT In this chapter the likely impacts during construction and operation phases are identified. Further, the impacts are assessed and evaluated considering spatial, intensity, temporal and vulnerability scales. An overall assessment in terms of significance value is derived by integrating all scales. Detailed methodology is given in subsequent sections.

4.1 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted for assessing the potential positive and negative environmental impacts from the proposed project is described below as per MoEF guidelines.

Step 1: Identification of Environmental Impacts All potential releases (emissions to air, generation of noise, effluent discharge, etc.) from the construction & operation phases of the proposed project have been identified. The potential positive and negative environmental impacts from these releases and other activities of the project have been identified. Step 2: Environmental Impact Assessment The Significance (S) of the Environmental Impacts is identified and assessed by the following characteristics:

Intensity (I) of the environmental impact;

Spatial extension (Sp) of the environmental impact;

Temporal duration (T) of the environmental impact;&

Environmental Vulnerability (V) of the impacted area. Determination of Impact Intensity (I): Impact Intensity has been assessed based on the following criteria: H (High):

Emissions/generation of highly pollutant substances, emissions/generation of high quantity of pollutant substances and/or high noise emission.

High consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)

Felling of large number of trees or death of fauna M (Medium):

Emissions/generation of moderately pollutant substances, emissions/generation of moderate quantity of pollutant substances and/or moderately high noise emission.

Moderate consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)

Felling of few trees or physical damage of fauna L (Low):

Emissions/generation of low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of low quantity of pollutant substances and/or low noise emission

Low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)






Damage to few trees or disturbance/ disorientation of fauna N (Negligible):

Emissions/generation of very low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of very low quantity of pollutant substances and/or very low noise emission.

Very low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)

No measurable damage to flora/fauna Determination of Impact Spatial extension (Sp) and Spatial Criteria (Is): Impact Spatial extension has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (High): the impact extends in a wide area outside the site (about 10 km or more)

M (Medium): the impact extends in a restricted area outside the site (< 10 km)

L (Low): the impact extends inside the site.

N (Negligible): the impact extends in a restricted area inside the site.

The product of Impact Intensity and Impact Spatial extension gives the impact evaluation as per spatial criteria (Is).

Table 4.1: Matrix for Evaluating Spatial criteria

Determination of Impact Temporal duration (T) and Temporal Criteria (It) Impact Temporal Duration has been assessed based on the following criteria:

V H (Very High): the impact has an important long-term effect (> 5 years) (if found treated as High i.e. H)

H (High): the impact has an important long-term effect (1-5 years)

M (Medium): the impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year)

L (Low): the impact has a temporary and short-term effect (1 day – 1 week)

N (Negligible): the impact has an immediate effect and it is solved in a very short time.

The product of Impact Temporal duration and Spatial criteria gives the Impact Evaluations as per Temporal Criteria (It).

HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H

MEDIUM H M M M

LOW M L L L

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N

Impact Spatial extension (Sp)

Impa

ct In

tens

ity (I

)

Impact evaluation as per

SPATIAL CRITERIA (Is)






Table 4.2: Matrix for Evaluating Temporal criteria

Determination of Environmental Vulnerability (V) and Significance (S) Environmental Vulnerability has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (High): Particular interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point of view. Parks, natural reserves and / or special areas of conservation. Contaminated areas in which a further impact may generate non-compliance with local environmental limits.

M (Medium): Interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point of views. Residential areas with low population density. Agricultural areas, forests, public parks.

L (Low): Industrial and commercial areas. The product of Vulnerability and Temporal criteria gives the Significance of the impact.

Table 4.3: Matrix for Evaluating Significance

The Impact Significance (S) levels obtained from the above-matrix are defined as follows:

H (High): Causes severe and acute effects to receptors, severe and irreversible deterioration of the quality of environment, and irreversible modification of landscape or of ecological equilibrium.

VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H H

MEDIUM H M M M L

LOW M M L L L

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N N

Impact evaluation as per

TEMPORAL CRITERIA (It)

Imp

act

Is

Impact Temporal duration (T)

HIGH MEDIUM LOW

HIGH H H M

MEDIUM H M M

LOW M M L

NEGLIGIBLE L N N

Impact evaluation as

per VULNERABILITY

CRITERIA

(SIGNIFICANCE S)

VULNERABILITY (V)

Imp

act

It






M (Medium): Causes moderate effects to receptors, reversible deterioration of the quality of environment, and reversible modifications of landscape or ecological equilibrium.

L (Low): Causes limited effects to receptors, quickly reversible deterioration of the quality of environment, and slight and reversible modification of landscape or ecological equilibrium.

N (Negligible): Causes negligible or no effects to receptors, slight and reversible deterioration of quality of the environment, no measurable changes at landscape or ecological level.

The assessment has been carried out for each of the potential environmental impacts during both construction and operation, and has been discussed in this chapter.

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project on various environmental components such as air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna, land, socioeconomic, etc. has been identified using Impact Identification Matrix (Table 4.4).

Table 4.4: Impact Identification Matrix

Physical Biological Socio-economic

Activities

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CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Site preparation

* * * * * *

Civil works

* * * *

Heavy equipment operations *

*

Disposal of construction wastes *

Generation/disposal of sewerage *

*

Transportation of materials *

*

OPERATION PHASE

Commissioning of Process units, utilities and offsite * * *

Product handling and storage *

Emissions &Waste management – Air, liquid and solid waste

* * *






4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Construction activities are anticipated to take place over a period of at least three years from Zero date of Construction. Following mechanical completion, Commissioning and production ramp-up leading to 100% capacity utilization will be achieved in six months.

Potential emissions sources during construction phase include the following:

Site preparation and civil works

Storage and handling of construction material (e,g. sand, cement) at proposed project site.

Movement of vehicles carrying equipment, construction material and project-related personnel

The impacts are described below:

Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and movement of vehicles on unpaved roads.

PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel engines of machineries and vehicles.

The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Impact of air emissions (construction phase)

Factors of assessment

Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Overall quantity of air emission will be of less quantity as the project involves only revamp of few units and Low consumption of power from DG sets

Spatial Low Impact extends inside the site as the revamp facilities are within the refinery complex

Temporal Low Long term effect as the construction period spans up to 3 years

Vulnerability Low Refinery is located in industrial area

Evaluation of factors

Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Overall Significance Value of Impact (S)

Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.

Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used.

Avoiding unnecessary engine operations.


Controlled vehicle speed on site

Ensuring vehicle are covered during transportation of material






4.3.2 OPERATION PHASE

EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES

INDUSTRIAL SOURCE COMPLEX SHORT TERM - 3 (ISCST3) MODEL

The model used in the present study is Industrial Source Complex Version 3, which is a AERMOD Dispersion Modelling Program designed to estimate pollutant concentrations for simple, intermediate, or complex terrain. The Industrial Source Complex Short Term or in brief ISCST model is one of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)'s UNAMAP series of air quality models.

The Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) models are used to predict pollutant concentration from continuous point, area and volume sources. These versatile models are preferred by the USEPA because of many features that enable the user to estimate the concentrations nearly any type of source emitting non-reactive source. The ISC short-term model for stack uses Steady State Gaussian plume equation for the continuous elevated source. For the cross wind and downwind distances, the model uses either polar or rectangular Cartesian co-ordinates as specified by the user. For wind speed profile, wind power law is used to adjust the observed wind speed to the stack or release height. For computation of plume rise, Briggs plume rise formula is used. The distance dependent momentum plume rise equations are used to determine if the wake region for the building downwash calculations affects the plume. In order to consider the stack tip downwash, modification in stack height is performed using Briggs (1974). The point source dispersion parameters are computed using the Turners (1970) equation that approximately fits the Pasquill-Gifford curves. In order to take in account for the wake effect, plume dispersion theory of Huber (1976) and Snyder (1977) has been used. The buoyancy-induced dispersion has been taken care off using Pasquill method. The vertical term and dry depositions are also taken into account by this model.

Besides the above, for a given land use category (e.g., Auer Land use category), the model can be used for either Urban or Rural dispersion coefficient. The model also calculates the downwash from the nearby building and the fumigation conditions. The terrain variation is also included in form of flat, simple, intermediate and complex terrain. The input requirements for the ISC model short-term computer program consist of four categories of information:

Hourly meteorological data

Source data

Receptor data

Program control parameters

Meteorological inputs required by the program include hourly estimates of the wind direction, wind speed, ambient air temperature, mixing height, wind profile exponent and vertical temperature gradient. Some of the data required as mentioned above e.g., vertical temperature gradient, wind profile exponent and mixing depths call for a detailed study in itself, which in this case was not possible. Therefore, USEPA approved default values of wind exponents and temperature gradient as available in ISC3 have been used. In the present study, the micro-meteorological data i.e., wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and ambient temperature was collected in situ at project site for the months of January – March 2017 was used. The source data i.e. continuous stack






emissions from different process units have been furnished from the knowledge of the respective process units. The input data requirements for each source include data specific to the source and its type (whether point, area or volume source). The source-input requirements for running the program are the emission height, location, exit velocity, exit temperature and strength. The receptor data can be given either as polar, rectangular Cartesian or discrete ones. The program control includes options regarding pollutant type, dispersion options, averaging time, flag pole receptor and exponential decay etc. The present SO2 emission from the IOCL complex is less than 1000 Kg/hr. There will be additional release 12.9 kg/hr emissions due to new units under BS VI Project. However, the total emission after proposed projects will be within 1000 Kg/hr (including MEG/ERU & BS VI project). There will be no change in the upper limit of 1000 kg/hr. of SO2 emission after proposed projects of BSVI and MEG & ERU.

The status of SO2 and NOx releases from existing complex and proposed units is given in Chapter-2. The emissions due to new units are considered for modelling and is shown in Table 4.6

Table 4.6: Emissions from new units of BS VI

Name of stack Dia (m)

Height (m) Exit velocity (m/sec)

SO2 (kg/hr)

NOx (kg/hr)

Ind-Dsk 0.52 60 6.7 0.06 0.615

IGDS (Indmax Gasoline Desulpurisation Unit)

0.72 60 7.0 0.15 1.46

H2 Reformer 3.98 40 7.6 11.49 8.3

H2 PDS 0.52 60 6.7 0.09 0.9

20% DHDT Revamp 1.5 60 6.4 0.57 5.72

1.5 60 6.4 0.57 5.72

An air modeling has been carried out for predicting max ground level concentrations (GLC) using Aermod software. Details of modeling and isopleths are given in Figures 4.1 & 4.2. The summary of resultant GLC’s for SO2 are estimated and given below in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7: Resultant GLC (SOx)

Description Maximum

GLC g/m3

Maximum GLC Co-ordinates

(m)

Location from the plant

Centre (m)

Maximum 98 Percentile

Baseline Value (within 10 km

radius) g/m3

Resultant 98

Percentile Value g/m3

Release of emission

sources from stacks

1.34 500, -3500

In SW direction at around 3.5

km from centre of the plot

20.5 21.84

From the Table 4.7, the resultant SO2 (maximum 24 hr Ground Level Concentration (GLC)) due to operation of the proposed BSVI and MEG & ERU projects are predicted as

1.34 g/m3. Maximum 98 Percentile Baseline Value (within 10 km radius) estimated






during the baseline data collection study is 20.5 g/m3. This GLC is occurring in SW direction and at around 3.8 km from center of the plot. By superimposing the same with

background SO2 level, the maximum GLC observed is 21.84 g/m3 (24 hourly average) which is well within the standard limits for 24 hourly average for industrial area i.e. 80

g/m3. Isopleth for SOx is attached in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1. Isopleth for Sox






4.2.2.4 NOx emissions

The isopleths for 24 hourly maximum average for NOx for the proposed BS VI and MEG& ERU project have been shown in Figure 4.2 and the results are tabulated in Table 4.8.

TABLE 4.8: Predicted values of GLC for NOx

Description

NOx (24 hourly maximum)

Maximum GLC g/m3

Maximum GLC Co-

ordinates (m)

Location from the plant Centre (m)

Maximum 98 Percentile

Baseline Value (within 10 km

radius) g/m3

Resultant 98

Percentile Value g/m3

Release of emission sources

from stacks

5.63 0, -3500 In SW direction at around 3.5 km from

center of the plot

22.9 28.53

From the Table 4.8, the resultant NOx (maximum 24 hr Ground Level Concentration) due to operation of proposed BS VI and MEG& ERU project stacks are is predicted as 5.63

g/m3. Maximum 98 Percentile Baseline Value (within 10 km radius) is 22.9 g/m3. This GLC is occurring in SW direction at around 3.8 km from center of the plot. By superimposing the same with background NOx level, the maximum GLC observed is

28.53 g/m3 (24 hourly average) which is well within the standard limits for 24 hourly

average for industrial area i.e. 80 g/m3.

Presently in compliance to refinery environmental standards, Leak detection survey is carried out monthly at all the unit areas, offsites within the complex. It is to be noted that no fugitive emissions are detected so far. It is envisaged that all leaks will be identified through LDAR programme which is as per the existing practice. The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.9.

Table 4.9: Impact of air emissions (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Marginal additional emissions due to combustion.

Spatial Low

Marginal additional emissions due to combustion.

Temporal Low

Marginal additional emissions due to combustion.

Vulnerability Low Open area


Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Impact(It) Low

By combining Is and temporal factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Overall Significance Value of Impact(S)

Low

By combining It and Vulnerability factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1






Mitigation measures


Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.

Provision of Low NOx burners in all furnaces

Figure 4.2. Isopleth for NOx






4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE During construction phase, raw water will be required for the following purposes:

Civil works ( such as concrete mix preparation, curing etc)

Hydro testing ( of tanks and associated piping)

Domestic use (such as drinking water for workers, washing etc.)

Water sprinkling on site for dust abatement Raw water for construction phase will be met from existing available quantity of existing refinery source. The significance of the impact of raw water consumption on local water resources during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10: Impact of water consumption (construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Low quantity of raw water required for expansion during construction phase and the same will be met from already permitted quantity for Refinery.

Spatial Low The impact extends in a restricted area within the site

Temporal Low The impact has a temporary and short term effect i.e. only during construction period

Vulnerability Low Designated Industrial area


Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors

Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors


Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors

The effluent streams that will be generated regularly during construction stage include the following:

Sewage and grey water from work sites

Cleaning and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area. During construction, waste materials would contribute to certain amount of water pollution. But these would be for a short duration. All liquid waste will be collected and disposed to identify water impoundment within the construction site. Later at frequent intervals the same shall be disposed through tankers using gully suckers to common waste treatment facility.The significance of the impact of waste water generation during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.11.






Table 4.11: Impact of Effluent Generation (Construction Phase)

Factors of Assessment Value of

assessment Justification

Intensity Low Releases of low quantity

Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area inside the site

Temporal Low Restricted to construction period

Vulnerability Low No open disposal, proper collection of wastewater at source and sent to STP for treatment






Mitigation Measures

Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage. Operation Phase Impact Evaluation

For existing IOCL facilities, the allocated raw water quantity is 6014 m3/hr. Additional water of 824 m3/hr will be required for the proposed BSVI and MEG & ERU projects. Present raw water consumption is approximately 2000-2500 m3/hr and approval for water withdrawal from Mahanadi Barrage has been obtained for 3950 m3/hr. Hence there will be no separate permission is required for the proposed projects.

There shall be 52 m3/hr of waste water generation from the proposed BSVI and MEG & ERU Projects which will be treated in the existing Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP).

The impact on water environment during the operation phase of the proposed changes shall be in terms of water consumption and waste water generation due to process activities. The impact of water consumption on local resources during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.12.

Table 4.12: Impact of Water Consumption (Operation Phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Additional 824 m3/hr of raw water is required for expansion facilities

Spatial Low Sourced from already available approved quantity for existing refinery

Temporal Low Within the refinery complex

Vulnerability Low Designated Industrial area








Value of assessment

Justification





There shall be 52 m3/hr of waste water generation from the proposed BSVI and MEG & ERU Projects which will be treated in the existing Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). The impact of effluent generation during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.13.

Table 4.13: Impact of effluent generation (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Release of 148 m3/hr

Spatial Low Sent to existing ETP for treatment and reused or disposed

Temporal Low Release of low quantity

Vulnerability Low Only the treated effluent is disposed in to the sea






Mitigation Measures

Developing the possibility for increasing the amount of treated effluent from existing ETP.

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 4.5.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During construction phase, civil works such as trenching, foundation casting, steel work, infrastructure construction, mechanical works such as static equipment and rotating machinery installation, building up of piping network, provision of piping supports, and tying up of new facilities with the existing systems etc. are likely to affect the ambient noise level. Also, the movement of heavy motor vehicles carrying construction material, pipes and equipment, loading and unloading activities, and movement of light passenger vehicles conveying construction personnel are likely to affect the ambient noise level, However, these effects are for a short term and of temporary in nature. Construction noise levels associated with typical machinery based on “BS 5228: 1997 Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Operation Sites” are summarized in the Table 4.14.






Table 4.14: Sound Pressure (noise) levels of Construction Machinery

Item Description Noise Level dB (A) Reference Distance

Earth Movers Front Loaders Backhoes Tractors Scrapers, Graders Pavers Trucks

72-84 72-93 72-96 80-93 86-88 82-94

0.9 m " " " " "

Material Handlers Concrete Mixers Concrete Pumps Cranes (movable) Cranes (derrick)

75-88 81-83 75-86 86-88

0.9 m " " '

Stationary Equipment Pumps Generators Compressors

69-71 71-82 74-86

0.9 m " "

The impact of noise emissions on ambient noise levels are summarized in Table 4.15.

Table 4.15: Impact on Ambient Noise (construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Low quantity as the expansion involves medication of few units

Spatial Low Impact extends inside site

Temporal Low Noise emission is not continuous, occurs only any machinery or DG is operated

Vulnerability Low The site is located at industrial area






Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles. Avoiding unnecessary engine operations (e.g. equipments with intermitted use

switched off when not working). Ensuring DG sets are provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers.


During operational phase of the proposed project, the noise shall be caused due to various rotating equipment viz. Pumps, Compressors & Mixers, etc. The Table 4.14 gives the listing of various noise generating sources along with their design noise level considered.The impact of these noise emissions during operation is summarized in Table 4.16.






Table 4.16: Impact on ambient noise (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low

Release of low quantity as all the noise generating equipments will be provided with enclosures / noise absorbing materials as per present practice.

Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site.

Temporal Low Release of low quantity

Vulnerability Low The site is located at industrial area






Mitigation Measures

Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise areas.



4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT

The proposed BSVI and MEG & ERU projects will take place within the existing IOCL complex and henceforth there will be no change in land use / land cover of the surrounding area.

4.6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The impact on land environment during construction phase shall be due to generation of debris/construction material, which shall be properly collected and disposed off. However, being the modifications limited to few units and two new units, the generation of such waste shall be minimal. During construction, there will be no routine discharge or activity potentially impacting soils and groundwater.

The impact on land use and topography during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17: Impact on Land Use & Topography (Construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Solid waste generated during the construction period shall be of low quantity as the scrapes and reusable materials are sold out and other waste are disposed off suitably.







Temporal Medium The impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year)

Vulnerability Low Limited as only the inert material are disposed off






There is potential for impact on soil quality due to project-related spills and leaks of fuel and chemicals and uncontrolled disposal of wastes and wastewater. Care will be taken to avoid spills and leaks of hazardous substances and all project-related wastes. Littering of sites and areas beyond the site will be controlled. The impact on soil quality during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.18.

Table 4.18: Impact on soil quality (construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification



Temporal Medium The impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year)

Vulnerability Low Littering of sites and areas beyond the site will be controlled






Mitigation Measures

Restricting all construction activities inside the project boundary.

Ensuring the top soil is not contaminated with any type of spills.

Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water drainage.

Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material handling plan for the construction phase.


The impact on land environment during operational phase shall be due to disposal of solid and hazardous waste generated during operation of the plant. Catalyst after every 4-5 years will be spent. The precious metal needs to be recovered after sending to manufacturer. The impacts on soil quality during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.19.






Table 4.19: Impact on soil quality (operation phase)

Factors of assessment Value of



Spatial Low Wastes collected and stored properly inside the complex till sending to authorized landfill agency

Temporal Low The impact has a short term effect as the waste are sent out every 5 years back to manufacturer

Vulnerability Low Sent to manufacturer






Mitigation Measures

Logging the details of waste sent back to manufacturer. 4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 4.7.1 Construction phase Impact Evaluation

The proposed facilities are to be developed within the available area of the existing IOCL complex. This area is a graded land without any thick vegetation. The project site does not harbor any fauna of importance. Therefore, the impact of construction activities on fauna will be insignificant.The impacts on flora and fauna during construction phase are summarized in Table 4.20.

Table 4.20: Impact on Biological Environment (construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity

Negligible

No clearing of vegetation will be carried out as the revamp will take place in the available cleared land and no fauna will be affected within the IOCL complex.

Spatial Low

No clearing of vegetation will be envisaged outside the complex

Temporal Low Restricted to few days

Vulnerability Low

Industrial area / already developed area with very less flora & fauna






Mitigation Measures:






Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction.

Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic and hazardous waste.

Training of drivers to maintain speed limits.

4.7.2 Operation phase

Impact Evaluation

The impacts due to proposed project activities during operation phase shall be limited. Impacts on Flora & Fauna during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.21.

Table 4.21: Impact on Biological Environment (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low No additional emissions

Spatial Low Product transport is mainly through pipelines

Temporal Low No additional emissions

Vulnerability Low Industrial area






Mitigation measures

Maintain the greenbelt already developed

Plant additional trees during operation phase as per greenbelt development plan 4.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 4.8.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE The issues need to be addressed during the construction phase of the project include

the effect of employment generation and additional transport requirements on local infrastructural facilities. These are only short term impacts lasting during the construction phase of the project.

4.8.1.1 Employment Generation

The construction phase is expected to span for three years. During this phase, the major socio-economic impact will be in the sphere of generation of temporary employment of very substantial number of personnel. Based upon the information on the construction of other similar plants, it can be observed that the number of personnel needed for the proposed project during the construction phase, average temporary manpower requirement is 2000-3000 during construction phase. For operation and maintenance of the new facilities, 125 nos. of additional manpower has been considered for BS VI and MEG& ERU project. Construction labourers will be hired through local contractor during the construction phase of the proposed plant.

4.8.1.2 Effect on Transport






Transport requirements will arise during the construction phase due to the movement of both the personnel and materials. The site is well connected to direct road and rail network.

(a) Transport of Personnel Transport of the managerial personnel is likely to increase the vehicular traffic on the roads connecting the proposed site to the city. The incremental traffic for the additional people would be about 10 cars.

(b) Transport of construction materials The transport of construction materials to the project site will result in increased traffic in the impact area. The constructions of capital intensive structures such as reactors and columns require iron and steel, heavy construction equipment and other construction materials. They will have to be transported to the site using trucks. Roughly, on an average of approximately 10 trucks per day will be needed for transporting the construction materials.

(c) Effect on local traffic The incremental daily traffic during construction phase works out to be about 20 cars and 4 buses per day.

4.8.1.3 Effect on Other Local Infrastructure

The majority of skilled and unskilled labourers are available in the impact area itself, the incremental effect on housing during the construction phase will be minimal. But, during the working hours of the day, the demand for food, water, sanitation and health facilities at the construction site will go up. Though the truck drivers appear to form a floating population, there will be a general flow of this group throughout the duration of the construction phase. There will be an impact on basic necessities like shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical facilities for the truck drivers. The impact of construction activities on socio-economic environment during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.22. Table 4.22: Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (construction phase)



Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure and other utilities in a phased manner. Also it is considered as a positive impact in terms of employment generation

Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area outside the boundary (< 1 km). Also this is a positive impact in terms of employment generation.

Temporal Low The impact has an medium term effect (1 week – 1 year). Also this is a positive impact in terms of employment generation








Vulnerability Low Positive impact in terms of employment generation






Mitigation Measures

Conducting awareness programmes for workers.

Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles

Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy vehicles and machinery.

Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week will be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning requirements of certain vehicles/machineries that might increase congestion and traffic hazards.

Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever feasible, to minimize flow of traffic.

Minimizing interruption of access to community for use of public infrastructure

Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even temporarily.

Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites

Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for security.

4.8.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE

Operational phase of the plant covers the entire life span of the plant. Hence the impacts of the operational phase extend over a long period of time. These impacts include employment generation, effects on transport and other basic infrastructure. Moreover, all the facilities required for BS VI and MEG& ERU facilities shall be present in existing IOCL premises.

Employment Scenario Employment for 125 personnel is envisaged during the operation phase.

Effect on Transport

Transport requirements will arise (marginal) due to the movement of both the personnel

and materials. (a) Transport of Personnel

There shall be increase in additional load on traffic due to transport of personnel.

(b) Transport due to movement of materials/products

The products will be transported through pipeline/marine tankers from IOCL Complex. (c) Effect on local traffic






The incremental traffic during the operational phase works out to be about 1 bus per day. The impact of these activities on socio-economic environment during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.23.

Table 4.23: Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (Operation Phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure and other utilities in marginal quantities/Nos.

Spatial Medium Impact extends in a restricted area outside the site

Temporal Medium The impact has a medium term effect

Vulnerability Low Open area






Mitigation Measures

o Extending reach of CSR Program o Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles

4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS:

Based on the above evaluation the significance value of impact on various components of environment during construction and operation phases is summarized and is given in Table 4.24. Table 4.24: Summary of Impact Evaluation in terms of Significance Value

Environmental component Construction Operation

Air Low Low

Water Consumption of Raw Water Low Low Generation of Effluent Low Low

Land Land use & Topography Low -

Soil Quality Low Low

Noise Low Low

Biological Low Low

Socio-Economic Low Low


RECOVEY AND MONO ETHYLENE GLYCOL UNITS/ BSVI MS/HSD FACILITIES AT PARADIP REFINERY




CHAPTER – 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES






5.0 PROJECT CONFIGURATION FOR MEG/ERU UNITS

As per the original configuration of Paradip complex, new Ethylene Recovery (ER: 180

KTPA), Ethyl Benzene (EB: 632 KTPA) and Styrene Monomer (SM: 600 KTPA) units,

licensed by M/s CB&I Lummus were envisaged as the downstream derivative of ethylene

to be recovered from FCC Off gas. However, styrene project is not economically attractive

due to low spread between product & feedstock resulting from high cost of Benzene.

Accordingly,a market and configuration study of potential ethylene derivatives was

undertaken through a market survey consultant, M/s IDS, New Delhi. As per this study,

following ethylene derivative configurations were found to have the potential for further

evaluation considering the demand-supply scenario, preliminary economics and techno-

commercial viability :.

• Configuration-1:LDPE/EVA.

• Configuration-2: LDPE/EVA/EPDM.

• Configuration-3: PVC.

• Configuration-4: Styrene/ EPDM.

• Configuration-5: PVC through EDC route.

• Configuration-6: Mono- Ethylene glycol (MEG, DEG & TEG).

Among all the above configurations under study, Configuration-6 was having the lowest

Capex and highest IRR.

5.1 PROJECT CONFIGURATION BS VI MS/HSD UNITS

With present unit capacities and configuration, Paradip Refinery is capable to produce only

part quantity of BS-VI MS & HSD. To overcome the constraints and to ensure BS-VI fuel

quality at existing refinery capacity, maximizing MS & HSD production, following cases

have been studied.

Case-I: Installation of New Naphtha Iso-merization Unit & New FCC Gasoline Selective

Desulphurization Unit & Capacity revamp of DHDT.

Case-II: Installation of Units as in Case-I with installation of additional Hydrogen Unit.

Case-III: Installation of Units as in Case-I with Naphtha Import to saturate CCRU capacity.

From the above options, Case –II is technically most viable because the entire range of

Naphtha streams will be converted to MS with no compulsion to produce Reformate or

Naphtha to sustain refinery operation. Also dependency on CCRU for hydrogen generation

will get eliminated thereby giving more flexibility to refinery operation.





emplate No. 5-0000-0001-T2 Rev. 1 Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved

CHAPTER – 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM






6.0 INTRODUCTION

Monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any developmental Project. It is an integral part of any environmental assessment process. Any Development project introduces complex inter-relationships in the project area between people, various natural resources, biota and the many developing forces. Thus, a new environment is created. It is very difficult to predict with complete certainty the exact post-project environmental scenario; hence, monitoring of critical parameters is essential in the post-project phase. Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried out over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE Development of the programme during the planning process shall be conducted or supported by environmental specialists. However, the implementation responsibility rests with working managers of the organization, who should, therefore, ensure they fully understand and subscribe to the commitments being made. These commitments will include the legal and statutory controls imposed on the operation as well as other corporate commitment to responsible environment management. Paradip Refinery has an Engineering Group to review the effectiveness of environment management system during construction and operational phase of proposed project. The Environment Section is a part of Engineering Group who works for monitoring and meet regularly to review the effectiveness of the EMP implementation. The data collected on various EMP measures would be reviewed by EMC and if needed corrective action will be formulated for implementation. The Organogram of HSE (Health Safety and Environment) is given below in Figure 6.1. Monitoring shall confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological / biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of complaints.

6.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING To ensure the effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, the broad objectives of monitoring plan are:

To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the environmental monitoring programme.

To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment

To suggest improvements in management plan, if required

To enhance environmental quality

To undertake compliance monitoring of the proposed project operation and evaluation of mitigative measure.

Environment- Organogram






Figure 6.1 Environment- Organogram 6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Chapter-4 describes the impacts and mitigation measures envisaged during construction phase vis-à-vis the environmental components which are likely to get impacted in case mitigation measures are not adequately followed. In view of the same the environmental components / indicators which are to be monitored during construction phase are air, water, noise levels and soil. The air quality (at the project site and ambient air quality in the surrounding nearby villages) will indicate to which extent the mitigation measures are being followed. Similarly the up-stream and downstream surface water quality (w.r.t. project site), will indicate the quality and extent of wastewater from the project site. Likewise the monitoring of ground water, up-gradient and down-gradient of project site will indicate seepage of pollutants in to ground water from the construction site. The noise levels at the project site and surrounding premises has been planned to be assessed to which the construction workers are exposed during construction phase. This will indicate the level of noise mitigation measures being followed during the construction phase.

CGM-HSE

DGM-HSE

M-HSE

SM-HSE

DGM-F&S

O-HSE






The soil quality at the project site will indicate the pollutant fallout from the construction site. The environmental monitoring programme during construction phase is presented in Table 6.1. The implementation of monitoring will be contractor’s responsibility and the supervision will be done by PDR.

Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme – Construction Phase

Component

Parameters Location / Frequency of Monitoring No. of

Samples / month

Air

SO2, NOx, PM10 & PM2.5

(As per NAAQS 2009 standards)

At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant boundary. Twice in a month (except monsoon)

4

Water

Surface Water: CPCB surface water

criteria; Ground Water:

IS:10500

One surface water in the project site per month. Two Ground Water: One Up-gradient and One Down-gradient of project site per month.

1 (SW) 2 (GW)

Noise Noise Levels Leq

(A)

At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant boundary. Twice in a month

4

Soil As per standard

practice At one location, in the project site. Once in a month.

1

6.4 OPERATION PHASE

The components / indicators of different environmental monitoring program are as under.

6.4.1 MONITORING FOR POLLUTANTS

As stated under Chapter 4, the environmental stresses from pollutants are marginal. Often the range of impact is limited to the plant and in its immediate vicinity, the monitoring schedule is evolved accordingly.

6.4.2 METEOROLOGY Meteorology forms one of the important categories of environment in the area as it directly controls the levels of air quality parameters. As such, Paradip Refinery has installed 7 nos. AAQMS all are equipped with continuous monitoring system. AAQMS stations are equipped with meteorological monitoring system The same shall be continued for the proposed project. STACK EMISSION Continuous on-line stack monitoring analysers for the measurement of SOx , NOx, PM and CO have been installed at all major stacks of Paradip Refinery for continuous monitoring of emission level. In the proposed MEG project, it doesn’t require any process heater from which emission from stack can load environment. However, there will be an incinerator to burn the excess off gas for which fuel gas shall be fired But this






will not load environment as sulphur compound in FG is very negligible. To monitor the emission, incinerator will be equipped with online analyzers. For BS-VI, prevalent methodology for continuous monitoring of stack emission shall be extended. .

6.4.3 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Ambient Air Quality is being monitored regularly in all the 7 existing AAQMS inside the Refinery. Continuous monitoring as well as manual monitoring is being carrying out at all the stations. There is also a mobile van, equipped with the necessary facilities to monitor Ambient Air Quality of the nearby areas. All 12 parameters as per MoEF notification dated 16th November 2009 are monitored at all 7 AAQMS inside the plant. All the stations are located based on the air modelling and as proposed in EIA study. So, in the proposed MEG and BS-VI project, the existing AAQMS shall take care of the air monitoring.

FUGITIVE EMISSION Fugitive emissions are being monitored periodically (on quarterly basis) at all the

relevant locations at which will be extended to the new locations after the implementation of MEG and BS-VI project.

6.4.4 LIQUID EFFLUENT

Treated effluent is monitored and analysed on daily basis for the parameters required for MINAS. As per statutory condition given in EC, the liquid effluent i.e treated effluent after RO treatment, the RO reject is being discharged to deep sea at a distance of 3 km from LTL. To monitor the effluent parameters, online analysers are installed for pH, BOD, TSS and COD. The same is also connected to RTDAS of OSPCB/CPCB server for real time data transfer.

6.4.5 AMBIENT NOISE

Noise monitoring is being conducted at several locations inside the plant, which will continue near the proposed MEG and BS-VI project also after the implementation of the same.

6.4.6 GROUND WATER

Ground water quality is also checked on regular basis to detect any contamination arising out of the solid waste disposal area and the plant area.10 nos. ground water monitoring wells are constructed inside Refinery to monitor ground water quality regularly. The proposed MEG and BS-VI project is inside the Refinery and the existing monitoring well will take care of the ground water quality monitoring.

6.4.7 SOIL QUALITY Soil samples from one location in the project site shall be analysed once in three

months after the implementation of the MEG and BS-VI project.






6.4.8 SOLID/HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL

Hazardous waste generated from the MEG and BS-VI project will be disposed off as per existing practice, to the existing secured Landfill Facility (SLF). Periodic surveillance monitoring will be conducted to ensure that the wastes are disposed in the manner as per guideline.

6.4.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Paradip Refinery is improving the infra-structure & socio-economic conditions of the region. It is suggested that the plant management under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plan will have structured interactions with the community to disseminate the measures planned and also to elicit suggestions from stake-holders for overall improvement for the development of the area.The proposed environmental monitoring programme during operation phase is mentioned below Table 6.2. Table 6.2 Proposed Environmental Monitoring During (Operational Phase)




1 Air Emissions

Stack emissions to be optimized and monitored.

Gaseous emissions (SOx, PM, CO, NOx).

Once in two month

Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed unit and nearby habitations to be monitored. Exhaust from vehicles to be minimized by use of fuel efficient vehicles and well maintained vehicles having PUC certificate.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx

As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement or on monthly basis

Measuring onsite data of Meteorology

Wind speed, direction, temp., relative humidity and rainfall.

Continuous

2 Noise Noise generated from operation of DG set to be optimized and monitored. DG sets are to be provided at basement with acoustic enclosures.

Spot Noise Level recording; Leq(night), Leq(day), Leq(dn)

Once in a month

3 Water Quality

Monitoring groundwater quality and levels around PDR complex

Comprehensive monitoring as per IS 10500

Once in a month

4 Wastewater Discharge

No untreated discharge to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil. The cleaning water shall be routed to nearby ETP.

No discharge hoses in vicinity of water courses.

Once in a month

Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such

Discharge norms for effluents as

Once in a month









that soil and groundwater resources are protected.

per ETP norms

5 Maintenance of flora and fauna

Vegetation and greenbelt / green cover development.

No. of plants species

Once in a year

6 Health

Regular health check-ups for employees and migrant labourers

All relevant parameters including audiometry

Regular check ups

7 Energy Usage

Energy usage power generation, air conditioning and other activities to be minimized. Conduct annual energy audit for the terminals

Energy audit report

Annual audits and periodic checks during operational phase

6.5 RESPONSIBILITY OF MONITORING AND REPORTING SYSTEM

The overall responsibility of monitoring the above parameters shall lie with the Management. The Environment section shall be responsible for day to day monitoring of effluent, raw water and treated water quality. The ambient air quality, stack emissions, soil, noise and water quality shall be monitored by either third party (approved MoEF/NABL laboratory) or by the EMC. Records shall be maintained for the analysis of raw effluents and treated effluents, ambient air quality data, stack emissions monitoring results, meteorological data and noise levels. These records are not only required for the perusal of the Pollution Control Board authorities but also to derive at the efficiencies of the pollution control equipment as the objective of the project proponent is not only compliance with statutory regulations, but also a serious commitment towards clean environment. The industry shall maintain the records as per the Hazardous waste regulations and EPA regulations and apply for the annual consents for the air and water, and renewal of authorization for the storage of hazardous waste as per Hazardous Waste (Handling & Management) Rules, 1989 and Amendment in 2000. The records of hazardous waste manifest will be maintained. Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality of the works and that the management plan in implementation. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented in the project.

6.6 SUBMISSION OF MONITORING REPORTS TO MoEF

As per the requirements, the status of environmental clearance stipulation implementation will be submitted to Regional MoEF office, Bhubaneswar in hard and soft copy in December and June months of every calendar year. These reports will be put up on MoEF web site as per their procedure and will be updated every six months. The pollutants will be monitored and reports will be submitted to SPCB and CPCB respectively, as per the requirements.






CHAPTER – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES






7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

In addition to the main EIA study, Risk Assessment has been carried out by M/s TOYO Engineering India Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai. The report is attached separately.

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

After detailed deliberation, the Expert Appraisal Committee of Industry-2 exempted the Public hearing is under section 7 (ii) of EIA Notification, 2006 for the proposed MEG/ ERU and BSVI and Projects.

7.2 CRZ STUDY

The pipeline bridge crossing the creek comes under the purview of CRZ notification 2011. Accordingly a separate study was carried out by M/s Anna University, Chennai to develop CRZ map on a scale of 1: 4000. The detailed maps are attached as Annexure –III. The facilities on the bridges are as follows:




50 mm – 600 mm

Pipe Rack -2 (West side of the Bridge)


The Central Government, with a view to ensure livelihood security to the fisher communities and other local communities, living in the coastal areas, to conserve and protect coastal stretches, its unique environment and its marine area and to promote development through sustainable manner based on scientific principles taking into account the dangers of natural hazards in the coastal areas, sea level rise due to global warming, does hereby, declare the coastal stretches of the country and the water area up to its territorial water limit, as Coastal Regulation Zone and restricts the setting up and expansion of any industry, operations or processes and manufacture or handling or storage or disposal of hazardous substances in the aforesaid CRZ. The CRZ area is classified as follows, namely-

CRZ–I

a. The areas that are ecologically sensitive and the geomorphologic features which play a role in the maintaining the integrity of the coast; and

b. The area between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line.

CRZ–II Area which is developed up to or close to the shoreline.

CRZ–III






Areas that are relatively undisturbed and do not belong to either CRZ-I or II which include coastal zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within municipal limits or in other legally designated urban areas, which are not substantially built up.

CRZ–IV

a. The water area from the low tide line to twelve nautical miles on the seaward side; and

b. Includes the water area of the tidal influenced water body from the mouth of the water body at the sea upto the influence of tide which is measured as five parts per thousand during the driest season of the year. As per the CRZ Notification 2011, the proposed project falls in CRZ –IA,CRZ-II & CRZ-IVB. and are permissible activities as per-

Para8(i)ICRZ-I (i) (b)Pipelines,Conveying systems including transmission lines 8(i) II CRZ-II (iv) facilities for receipt and storage of petroleum products and

liquified natural gas as specified in Annexure-II appended to the notification and facilities for regasification of Liquid Natural Gas subject to the conditions as mentioned in subparagraph(ii) of paragraph-3

4 (ii) (d) Pipelines,Conveying systems including transmission lines 3(ii) (b) facilities for receipt and storage of petroleum products and liquified

natural gas as specified in Annexure-II appended to this notification and facilities for regasification of Liquified Natural gas (hereinafter referred to as as the LNG) in the areas not classified as CRZ-I(i) subject to implementation of safety regulations including guidelines issued by the Oil Industry Safety Directorate in the Ministry of Petroleum and guidelines issued by MoEF and subject tofurther terms and conditions for implementation of ameliorative and restorative measures in relation to environment as may be stipulated by in MoEF .provided that facilities for receipt and storage of fertilizers and raw materials required for manufacture of fertilizers like ammonia, phosphoric acid,sulfur,sulphuric acid, nitric acid and the like,shall be permitted within the zone areas not classified as CRZ-I (i)

7.3 MARINE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7.3.1 Marine Environment

The state of Odisha has 480 km of coastal belt, 0.65 million hectares of fresh water and 0.59 million hectares of brackish water area. The total quantity of fish produced from fresh water, brackish water and marine water was 257.662 Metric tonnes in 1994-95. Exploitation of marine fish resources and culture of prawns in back-water areas are the two promising areas for increasing the export potential of the state. The ocean water is very unique in the sense that it has the great dissolving power and because of this capacity it is able to dissolve most of the salts and sediments brought in by large number of rivers. The ocean water is also unique for its week acid and buffering power. Because of these special characteristics






only the salinity and most of other chemical constituents of ocean water does not change much specially in the open ocean. However in recent past it has been observed that due to different kinds of human intervention through the developmental activities like, extensive urbanization, industrialization, construction of ports and harbours, etc. have affected the coastal water characteristics. The coastal area accommodates around 25% of total population by virtue of its geographical location. The likely sources of coastal pollution at Paradip are: Municipal Sewage Industrial Effluent Aquaculture Effluent Ports & Harbours Fisheries Harbours Fish Processing Industries Salt Pans Tourist Resorts / beaches Solid Waste Dumping, etc. The domestic effluent or the municipal wastewater constitutes the largest single source of coastal pollution, followed by the discharges from the industries, ports and harbours etc. Considering the importance of the coastal ecosystem, this study has been undertaken to assess the prevailing ecological condition of paradip coast of Odisha. Collection method: Water, Plankton (Phyto and Zooplankton) and sediments were collected from the south jetty point as per the standard protocol. A vessel was hired to reach the sampling site. Plankton was collected using slandered plankton net. Sediment was collected with the help of Ekman Grab. Temp, pH, DO, CO2 and Alkalinity were immediately analysed. Rest of the sample was preserved and analysed later using standard method as per APHA 1998 & the result is given in Table-7.1.

TABLE 7.1: WATER AND SEDIMENT CHARACTERISTICS


1 Water Temp. 0C 27.1

2 Salinity ppt 34.2

3 DO mg/l 4.4

4 Free CO2 - Nil

5 Total Alkalinity mg/L 142

6 Water pH - 8.1

7 Turbidity NTU 26.0

8 Conductivity µmhos/cm 42500

9 Total Hardness mg/l 5860

10 Total Dissolved Solids

mg/l 39514

11 Sediment pH - 8.4

12 Sediment Organic Carbon

% 1.15






Fish fauna As per the market survey and secondary information, marine water fish fauna has been collected and is listed in Table-7.2. The detailed analysis of fish data also indicates that a larger number of well-diversified fish species are available in the area. Species wise and year wise marine fish landing in fishing harbour is given in Table-7.3 and the species diversity index is given in Table-7.4.

TABLE 7.2: LIST OF MARINE FISH IN THE STUDY AREA


1 Carchartinus sp Sharks

2 Barbus chwanenfeldi Barb

3 Gymnura sp Rays

4 Thrissina sp Clupeids

5 Epinephelus alexandrinus Timid fish

6 Lepturacanthus sp Ribbon Fish

7 Aequedens pulcher Blue acara

8 Parastromateus sp Black Pomphret

9 Chana puntatus Bombay duck

10 Scomberomous sp Mackerel

11 Psettodes sp Flat Fish

12 Hilsa ilisha Hilsa Fish

13 Abudefduf bengalensis Bombin

14 Dasytis centroura Sting ray

15 Rhinocanthus verrucosus Trigger Fish

16 Mastacembelus armatus Spiny Eel

TABLE 7.3: SPECIES WISE AND YEARWISE MARINE FISH LANDING IN

FISHING HARBOUR, PARADIP (IN MT)

Sr.No

Name of the Species

YEAR

05-06 06-07 07/08 up to January’08

1 Shark 126.30 86.36 78.88

2 Skates 28.57 30.70 43.08

3 Rays 192.11 125.48 227.42

4 Other Saridon 8.24 7.69 6.75

5 Thrissocles Nil 15.03 122.50

6 Wilisashed - - 5.350

7 Anchovies 431.93 1942.07 682.72

8 Emegalops 695.84 349.63 377.47

9 Harpodon nehures 15.23 - 6.27

10 Silver Bar 153.88 256.24 121.41

11 Ribbon fish 1855.90 2259.40 4877.63

12 Clupeids 778.84 442.26 323.76

13 Indian Mackerel 950.13 2662.78 554.68

14 S. commerson - 19.93 25.97

15 Bombay Duck 11.98 135.02 77.08






Sr.No

Name of the Species

YEAR

05-06 06-07 07/08 up to January’08

16 Tunnies - 15.06 -

17 Spiny Eel 313.70 272.44 290.33

18 Cat fish 379.11 263.95 366.60

19 Treadfin Breams 81.19 190.45 87.90

20 Sciaenids 31..072 2737.67 2691.44

21 Leignathus 408.14 612.06 572.76

22 Black Pomphret 567.01 265.17 257.83

23 Silver Pomphret 744.27 449.62 542.99

24 Flat fish 821.90 839.97 424.76

25 Bagda 281.39 240.45 197.59

26 Galda 566.59 602.58 379.41

27 Metapinus Prawn 1121.64 3006.20 2960.65

28 Non-penacid prawn

381.77 171.73 117.30

29 Crab 376.11 170.08 530.15

30 Squid & Cuttle fish 242.64 429.11 327.05

31 Miscellaneous 2968.94 2075.62 2335.63

TOTAL 14503.35 20674.75 19613.36

TABLE 7.4: SPECIES DIVERSITY INDEX OF MARINE FISHOF THE STUDY AREA


1 Sharks 17

2 Barb 14

3 Rays 13

4 Clupeids 7

5 Timid fish 6

6 Ribbon Fish 6

7 Blue acara 5

8 Black Pomphret 5

9 Bombay duck 4

10 Mackerel 4

11 Flat Fish 3

12 Hilsa Fish 2

13 Rays 2

14 Lizard fish 2

15 Cephalopods 2

16 Sardine 1

17 Eels 1

18 Sharks 1

19 Skates 1

20 Others 4

Shannon’s species diversity index 2.634

From the above results, the following conclusions may be drawn:

The water and sediment quality is within the limit;

There may not be any problem for general survival of the organisms;

Plankton population is moderate; and






Diversity index indicates low to moderate plankton diversity.

SANTRA CREEK

NORTH REFINERY

FIGURE 7.1: PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING ECOLOGICAL SURVEY 7.3.2 Impact on Aquatic Ecology

The impact in the context of biota and fishery resources in the area is not considered to be significant as the construction in the creek is for minimal period.






The impact of closed conveyor passing through the creek would have least impact on the aquatic ecological status as there will be no spillage in this area.

7.3.3 Recommendation of OCZMA

The Odisha Coastal zone Management Authority (OCZMA) has been granted a CRZ clearance as per the provision of CRZ notification, 2011 vides letter no. 15/OCZMA; dated: 11.01.2018. (Reference letter attached as ANNEXURE- IV) and the same has also been discussed with MoEF & CC,Govt.of India with the following recommendations: “The project proponent shall take necessary steps to prevent any liquid hydrocarbon falling on the water body of the creek from the pipelines (hydrocarbon) passing over the bridge of Santa Creek by creating a tray like barrier below the pipelines which can hold any leakage materials.”

7.4 OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLAN OF SANTRA CREEK 7.4.1 Oil Spill Response Plan

The Paradip Refinery of Indian Oil Corporation Limited located at Paradip, Odisha is spread over in an area which is divided by the Santra Creek into two parts, namely North side & South side. Major process units are situated in the South side of the creek and products / intermediate feed storage tanks are located in the north side. Transfer of the products and intermediates including utilities required for the processes (i.e steam, air, Nitrogen, water etc.) flow from one side the creek to the other in carrier pipelines crossing the creek either for secondary processing or storage in tanks in the north side or for loading in vessels in Jetty located in areas under Paradip Port Trust for shipment.

Summary of the lines for Creek Crossing:




50 mm – 600 mm

Pipe Rack -2

(West side of the Bridge)


7.4.2 Possible Hazards & Mitigation Measures:

Petroleum product streams which are inflammable in nature are transferred in carrier pipelines which are of closed types. During design stage measures are taken for zeroing down the probability of occurrence of leaks in the carrier pipelines. The possible hazard from the pipelines in the creek area, though






unlikely, is of hydrocarbon leaks which may lead to spillage & cause fire in the presence of an ignition source. Lighter hydrocarbon leaks will not cause spillage in the water bodies as the same would evaporate quickly at normal ambient condition. The middle distillates may spill in case of leak in the pipelines.

7.4.3 Oil Spill

An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.

7.4.4 Appearance of Floating Oil on Sea Surface

Based on the appearance i.e. colour of the oil spill on the sea surface it is possible to arrive at a rough estimate of the quantity of oil spill. The table below depicts the appearance of oil spill on sea and quantity of oil spill.

7.4.5 Tiered system for Oil Spill Response (OSR) Based on the International Maritime Organization (IMO) guidelines following Tier system has been adopted to deal with the contingencies arising out of oil spill in the marine area. The oil spill up to 700 MTs is considered as the Tier-I oil spill, The oil spill up to 10,000 MT is considered as Tier-II oil spill ,and The oil spill of more than 10,000 MT is considered as Tier-III oil spill,

In built safety measures for prevention of oil spill: As a part of built in Process Safety Measure and to maintain mechanical integrity during the design stage, the Hydro Carbon lines over the creek will have adequate design margin in line thickness, flange joints shall be avoided & tapings shall be blanked off to minimise the chances of failure. Hydro carbon carrier lines are provided with emergency Shut Down/isolation systems on either side of the pipelines for quick isolation in case of leak in the line thereby minimising the effect and /or damage potential. Inspection of lines will be carried out at regular interval to assess the corrosion / erosion in the pipelines. Pressure/ flow indication, hydrocarbon / smoke / toxic gas detectors available for early detection of any leakage or fire for quick response. Manual call points are also available for raising the alarm of any incident. The pipelines crossing the creek shall be brought under the CCTV surveillance apart from watch & ward surveillance.






7.4.6 Oil Spill Management plan

This Oil Spill Disaster Management plan would form part of the Facility plan in the overall national contingency plan hierarchy. The hierarchy encompasses the Indian Coast Guard acting as Central Nodal Agency in India with State level and port / industry level plan forming the part. The national contingency plan hierarchy structure would be as under,

7.4.7 Objective of the plan

A contingency plan allows for a complex response to be developed in a calm, nonemergency environment, free from the pressures of a response to better ensure a rational and well balanced approach to real oil spill. The main objectives of the plan are:

To establish an effective system for detection and reporting of oil spills.

Define roles and responsibility of various members of contingency plan in case of an oil spill.

To establish a response organization to deal with pollution incident upto Tier-1 and capable of escalate in case of spill exceeds the Tier-1.

To establish adequate measures of preparedness for combating oil spill upto Tier-1.

To establish an effective chain of communication during any oil spill incident.

To establish appropriate response policy depending upon situations in case of any oil spill scenarios.

To establish appropriate response techniques to prevent, control, and combat oil pollution, and dispose-off recovered material in an environmentally friendly manner.

To define the degree of sensitive areas concerned and priorities them for protection in case of oil spill.

Carry out an adequate oil spill risk assessment.

National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan

Regional Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan

State Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan

District Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan

Facility Plan






7.4.7.1 Oil Spill Response Equipment

The prime Strategy for oil spill response is containment, collection and disposal of the oil spill. The equipment required for the oil spill response are:

Boom – for containment of the oil.

Boat for laying the booms.

Oil Spill dispersant.

Personal Protective equipment (PPE).

Boom Following types of booms are available for containment of the spillage:

Cylindrical Curtain Type Oil Containment Booms of length 15 m, 25 nos. Cylindrical booms of 8 inch dia, 3 m length, 60 nos. Cylindrical booms of 3 inch dia, 3m length, 60 nos.

Rigid Oil Containment Boom (Solid flat floatation boom) - 600 m (Height=750 to 800 mm; Free board=250 to 300 mm; Draft=500 mm; Fabric = U-V Resistant PVC coated Polyester; Section length=25 to 30 m) Hydraulic Power reel for boom = 2 nos. Power Pack (Prime mover & Hydraulic pump) Floating chemical resistant suit = 2nos. Chemical resistant hand gloves = 2nos. Anti-skid chemical resistant shoe = 2 pairs Life jacket = 2nos. Gas mask = 6 nos. Chemical resistant safety goggles = 6 nos. Portable spraying machine (cap. = 15 ltrs.) Sorbent pad = 10 nos. Above booms are enough to cover the width of the creek which is around 250 m maximum at the downstream of the creek.

Boat Two inflatable boats and one Self-propelled work boat are available within the Refinery premises and self-propelled work boat with crew and portable spraying machine ( cap 15 litres), sorbent pad (100 nos) positioned at SOJ area under Paradip Port Trust for deploying the booms and/or to apply the dispersant across the creek. Each boat can carry upto 8 persons’ load. Oil Spill Dispersant (OSD) Dispersants are used as a measure to combat Oil Spill. Dispersant are chemical agents that include surface active agents which are partly oil and water soluble.






Dispersants facilitate the breakdown of an oil slick into tiny droplets, which are suspended and disseminated in the water mass. Dispersed oil degrades more rapidly than oil in a surface slick resulting into lesser threat to environment than oil. Approximately 100 containers of 50 ltrs each are maintained as Oil Dispersant Inventories. The above facilities are available with Paradip refinery for handling of any oil spill in creek area.

Personal Protective Equipment: (i) Floating Chemical resistant suit, (ii) Chemical resistant hand gloves, (iii) Anti-skid chemical resistant shoes, (iv) Life jacket, (v) Gas mask, (vi) Chemical resistant safety goggles. Mutual Aid Scheme: Paradip Refinery and all the nearby industries like Paradip Port Trust, Paradip Phosphate Limited, IFFCO and IOCL Paradip-Haldia-Barauni Pipelines have executed the Mutual Aid Scheme Agreement for supporting each other in case of eventuality with all the resources available under the possession of each entity. Oil Spill response resources jointly maintained with IOCL and Paradip Port Trust is considered adequate for combating any Oil Spill in the creek. Organizational Plan: The occurrence of any oil spill in Santra Creek will be informed by staff/officers of the concerned area (OM&S/BOOT-3) to the Fire & Safety Control Room and RSM initially by breaking the glass of nearby MCP or by telephone/walkie-talkie. RSM or Shift-in-Charge of Fire Station Control Room will intimate the same to the co-ordinators of Oil Spill Organogram, the details of which are given below:

OIL SPILL ORGANOGRAM

CHIEF INCIDENT CONTROLLER

GM (PN)

ADVISOR CGM (T), CGM (T-MN),

CGM (HSE), CGM (ES & INSP)

SITE INCIDENT INCHARGE CONTAINMENT INCHARGE MAINTENANCE INCHARGE

MEDICAL CO-ORDINATOR MS – IOCL VK HOSPITAL

RESCUE & EVACUATION COORDINATOR

GM (HR)






7.4.8 Roles and Responsibilities: A. Chief Incident Controller:

a. Report to IOCL higher authority after getting information of oil spill.

b. Coordinate all activities through Site incident in-charge for isolation of lines.

c. Ensure that Maintenance agencies have been mobilized to arrest the leak.

d. Ensure that appropriate response and techniques are in place and activated to clean up spilled oil in co-ordination with F&S.

e. To ensure informing statutory bodies / Governmental agencies through HR and HSE.

Regional Office, State Pollution Control Board, Paradip.

Local Police Station (IIC, Abhayachandrapur).

f. To co-ordinate with F&S for support of Mutual Aid Partners if required.

g. After containment, assessment of situation and resumption of Operations

h. If the situation goes beyond his control, he will consult it with CGM (T) for declaration of Disaster & after monitoring the situation, CGM(T) would advise Unit Head to declare on-site disaster. Accordingly Unit Head would declare onsite disaster & accordingly Emergency Response & Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP) will be activated.

B. Site incident in-charge:

a. To isolate the lines through respective plant in-charge.

b. Co-ordinate with Maintenance In-charge to arrest the source of spillage.

c. Co-ordinate with the Containment In-charge for containing the spill and clean up.

d. Apprise Chief Controller of the situation continuously.

C. Containment in-charge:

a. To contain the spillage and clean up the spillage in co-ordination with Site incident in-charge and Maintenance In-charge.

b. Obtain support from Mutual Aid Partner if required.

D. Maintenance in-charge :

a. To ensure appropriate support for arresting the leak.

b. Co-ordinate and assist with Containment in-charge & Site incident in-charge for containing the spill and clean up.

E. Medical Co-ordinator






a. To provide emergency medical assistance if required.

b. Coordinate with the Evacuation co-ordinator for evacuation of the injured/ rescued persons to first aid centre / refinery hospital.

c. To ensure necessary medical attention to causalities in time.

F. RESCUE & EVACUATION COORDINATOR

a. To control habilitation of affected areas

b. To avoid panic in the neighboring villages / public making them known about the emergency.

c. Arrange shifting of persons to safe zone on instructions from CIC/SIC.

d. Arrange vehicle for evacuation in co-ordination with CIC / SIC.

e. Organize rescue operation of the trapped personnel in unsafe zone.

G. ADVISOR Advisor team shall provide necessary inputs and technical support to Chief Controller for containment of spill and clean up. Following are the key roles of the advisors:

CGM (T):

a. To maintain a speculative continuous review of possible developments and access these to determine most probable course of events. Accordingly advice the CIC / SIC.

b. To liaise with plant Managers / In - charge of concerned process units

c. To ensure that key personnel are called in.

d. To activate the plant shutdown (if required).

CGM (T-MN):

a. To advise and ensure mobilizing personnel from required discipline of maintenance (Mechanical, Civil, Electrical & Instrumentation).

b. To advise and ensure services (Hydra, cranes, towing services) through the concerned in-charge for transporting urgent material and delivery to site

c. To ensure promptly arrangement for renting / hiring equipment (if required) to meet emergency requirement.

d. To ensure arrangement of urgent fabrication jobs from outside agencies if the need arises.

CGM (HSE):

a. To advise and ensure communication to SPCB, Mutual Aid Partners, Director of Factories & Boilers, PESO and IOCL RHQ etc.

b. Co-ordination with agencies for like OSPCB, PPT, Indian Coast Guard, OISD, Technical & Research institutions e.g. IIT (Bhubaneswar), IMMT (BBSR), MDC on SHE etc. for technical advisory for economical and least environmentally damaging technique for mitigation of oil spill.






CGM (ES & INSP)

a. To advise and ensure availability of technical data / record required.

b. Advise / suggest advanced methods of repair & maintenance for arresting the leak.

On aggravation of the situation, Unit Head would declare onsite disaster & accordingly Emergency Response & Disaster Management Plan (ERDMP) will be activated and following ERDMP Plan will come into force. As the Creek exists beyond the premises of IOCL Paradip refinery, outside habitant, aquatic life in the nearby water bodies as well as in sea might get affected. In such scenario, the situation will be handed over to district authority for implementing the off-site emergency plan. The management of emergency henceforth has to be controlled by the district crisis management group under the supervision of the District Collector/ District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA).

7.5 Rapid Risk Assessment Study for MEG,ERU & BS VI – IOCL Paradip

7.5.1 Purpose of RRA:

The purpose of RRA is to identify the Hazards at the early stages of development of project, analyze the hazards and propose the preventive and mitigative measures where necessary, to bring the risk level to AS Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP). Detailed Risk assessment Report for MEG & ERU is given in Annexure-V & For BS-VI project is given in Annexure-VI.

7.5.2 Major Recommendation of RRA: Ethylene Recovery Unit:

o H2S Gas Detectors with audio-visual alarms (beacons) to be provided in vicinity

of equipment handling H2S gas.

o Sufficient number of Hydrocarbon gas detectors to be provided in the vicinity of

pumps and equipment handling light hydrocarbon.

o Requirement of inventory isolation to be reviewed during detail engineering for

vessels handling large amount of hydrocarbon.

o Catastrophic rupture scenario of Deethylenizer Reflux drum shall be included in

Disaster Management plan.

Mono-Ethylene Glycol Unit:

o Sufficient number of Hydrocarbon gas detectors / Toxic Gas detector to be

provided in the vicinity of pumps and equipment handling light hydrocarbon e.g.

ethylene, ethylene oxide.

o Sub-station and SRR shall be positively pressurized to avoid ingress of any HC

or Toxic gas inside these building.

o HC / Toxic Gas detector to be provided at sub-station and SRR air unit suction.

BS-VI Fuel Quality Up-gradation Facilities:






o The combined Risk Contour demonstrates that the general public is exposed to

(as this is RRA which concentrates on general public) less than e-6 which is

within Broadly Acceptable region. When compared with UK HSE Risk

Acceptance Criteria as adapted by India.

o From the Risk Contours it is observed that in most cases of process units, the e-

6 contour is contained within boundary limits of IOCL. And hence it is within

acceptable limits.

o All the tanks are atmospheric and well within the boundary of the facility. Being

liquid the credible fire scenarios include Pool fire and full surface fire. The 37.5

kW heat radiations from these fires do not extend beyond facility boundary.

o Fn Curve: Since the risk more than e-5 is not extending beyond facility boundary,

the Fn curve is not relevant.

o All the tanks are atmospheric tanks. Being liquid the credible fire scenarios

include Pool fire and full surface fire. It is noted that heat radiation (37.5 kW and

12 kW) from these fire does not travel beyond facility boundary.

o Company should get H2S zoning done in areas having high H2S.






CHAPTER – 8

PROJECT BENEFITS






8.1 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY

India has been witnessing rapid urban and industrial growth in the past two decades, and with the country’s current liberalization policy, this growth is expected to accelerate further. As a consequence of the rapid rate of industrialization in India, petroleum products needs are increasing at an equally rapid rate and the supply-demand gap is widening and steps must be taken to address this issue. The proposed project will result in the supply of increased volumes of environmental friendly petroleum products to meet the energy security of northern, western and southern region of the country.

8.2 ADDITIONAL PRODUCTION OF MEG, MS & HSD

The project would help in consolidating the glycol business of IOCL by way of producing low cost Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) based on Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) off gas. Setting of Mono ethylene glycol plant at Paradip would further enhance the combined MEG capacity for IOC to 332 KTPA. IOCL glycol production share in the market would increase and this would provide the competitive edge to Indian Oil on domestic glycol market, particularly enabling optimization of supply to different regions. Further, it would provide impetus to MEG demand growth in eastern India where the consumption is the lowest. BS VI MS & HSD project will cater the demand for cleaner BS VI grade fuels in the country which will help in reducing the impact of emissions to the environment.

.

8.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The proposed project would generate some direct and indirect employment opportunities during construction and operation phases, which will benefit the local people. Additional 2000-3000 nos manpower is envisaged for the project as local skilled and unskilled labour will be required during construction. Improvement in the overall socio-economic status of the vicinity of project area, in the thematic areas of health, education, livelihood and infrastructure is expected. Social Development is an important component of any project taken by IOCL-Paradip Refinery. An understanding of society is essential in helping people meet their social needs - food, water, shelter, health, knowledge, skills and physical and emotional security. How people define such needs and the priority and value give to them varies tremendously, not only from one country to another, but between different groups of people. A starting point for establishing appropriate and sustainable social services should be an analysis of how individuals, families and communities organise themselves in society to meet their needs as they define them. These facts have been already been noticed by IOCL-Paradip Refinery and some are being focused while carrying out the development programmes in nearby areas. This project will also result in overall environmental quality improvement in this region.






CHAPTER – 9

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN






9.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is planning and implementation of various pollution abatement measures for any proposed project. The EMP lists out all these measures not only for the operational phase of the plant but also for the construction phase and planning phase. The EMP is prepared keeping in view all possible strategies oriented towards the impact minimisation. The EMP for the proposed project is divided into two phases i.e. Construction and Operational phase. The planning phase lists out the control strategies to be adopted during the design considerations. The construction and operational phase details the control/abatement measures to be adopted during these phases.

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT PLANNING PHASE

Design Considerations Government of India has made many legislations/rules for the protection and improvement of environment in India. Various environmental legislations/rules applicable to the proposed project facilities are given in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1 Indian Environmental Legislation/Rules

Legal Instrument Relevant articles/provisions

The Environment (Protection)

Act, 1986, amended up to

1991

Section 7: Not to allow emission or discharge of

environmental pollutants in excess of prescribed

standards

Section 8: Handling of Hazardous substances

Section 10: Power of entry and inspection

Section 11: Power to take samples

Section 15 – 19: Penalties and procedures

Environment (Protection)

Rules, 1986 (Amendments in

1999, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2003,

2004, March 2008 )

Rule 3: Standards for emissions or discharge of

environmental pollutants

Rule 5: Prohibition and restriction on the location

of industries and the carrying on process and

operations in different areas

Rule 13: Prohibition and restriction on the

handling of hazardous substances in different

areas

Rule 14: Submission of environmental statement

The Air (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act 1981,

as amended upto 1987.

Section 21: Consent from State Boards

Section 37: Penalties and Procedures

MoEF notification dated

November 18, 2009 vide

circular no G.S.R 186(E) for

National Ambient air quality standards







ambient air quality

The Water (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act, 1974,

as amended upto 2003.

Section 3: Levy and Collection of Cess

Section 24: Prohibition on disposal

Section 25: Restriction on New Outlet and New

Discharge

Section 26: Provision regarding existing discharge

of sewage or trade effluent

EIA Notification 2006 and

subsequent amendments

Requirements and procedure for seeking

environmental clearance of projects

Noise Pollution (Regulation

and Control) Rules, 2000,

amended up to 2010.

Ambient noise standards and requirements of DG

sets

MoEF notification dated

August 21, 2009 vide circular

no G.S.R 595(E) for Oil

Refinery Industry

Revised standards for Load/mass based

standards for SRU.

MoEF notification dated March

18, 2008 vide circular no

G.S.R 186(E) for Oil Refinery

Industry

Revised standards for emissions or discharge of

environmental pollutants

Manufacture storage and

import of hazardous chemicals

rules 1989 amended 2000

Rule 4: Responsibility of operator



G.S.R 320(E) for Plastic

Waste (Management and

Handling) Rules

Section 8: Responsibility of waste generator



G.S.R 338(E) for e-waste

(Management) Rules

Section 5: Responsibility of producer

MoEF notification dated April

4, 2016 vide circular no G.S.R

338(E) for Hazardous and

Other Wastes (Management

and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2016

Section 4: Responsibilities of the occupier for

management of hazardous and other wastes

Section 6: Grant of authorisation for managing

hazardous and other wastes

Section 8: Storage of hazardous and other wastes

Section 9: Utilisation of hazardous and other

wastes

MoEF notification dated April Section 4: Duities of waste generators







8, 2016 vide circular no G.S.R

1357(E) for Solid Waste

Management Rules,

2016Solid Waste

Management Rules, 2016

Proposed project shall be designed taking into account the above-referred legislations/rules and as per the directives of Environmental Clearance documents. Besides this the proposed effluent and emission standards will also be compiled for this Project.

During the design stage, all piping and instrumentation diagrams and plant layout shall be reviewed as a part of HAZOP/HAZAN studies to assess the risks involved.

The mitigation measures for the potential negative impacts anticipated from the proposed project and environmental monitored schedule are described in this chapter. 9.2.1 Air environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Low)

Preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.

Vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates to be used.

Unnecessary engine operations to be minimized.


Controlled vehicle speed on site

vehicle to be covered during transportation of material

Providing dust collection equipment at all possible points

Operation phase (Impact significance: Low)


Monitoring of air polluting concentrations 9.2.2 Water environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Consumption of water - Low)

Sewage and grey water from construction camps and work sites

Cleaning and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area.

During construction phase, used construction water is the only effluent generated due to construction activities and most of the effluent generated will be so small that it will either get percolated to ground or get evaporated.

Construction phase (Impact significance: Generation of effluent - Low)

Monitoring water usage at construction camps to prevent wastage.

Ensuring there are no chemical or fuel spills at water body crossings.

Marginal additional sanitary water will be routed to existing STP.

Usage of existing toilets for construction staff.






Operation phase (Impact significance: Consumption of water - Low, Generation of effluent -

Low)

Tracking of consumption. 9.2.3 Land environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Land use & topography - Low, Soil quality - Low)

Sufficient protective measures shall be adopted to avoid soil erosion during construction in the rainy season.

Restricting all construction activities to the maximum possible extent inside the project boundary.

The top-soil soil stock pile is not contaminated with any type of spills.

Any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water drainage.

After final site grading is complete, ensuring that the excess excavated material is not dumped indiscriminately but used for filling low lying areas construction by locals.

Developing project specific waste management plan

Developing and maintaining dedicated waste storage areas

Operation phase (Impact significance: Soil quality - Low)

Developing and maintaining dedicated waste storage areas,

Disposing of spent catalysts to manufacturers for recycling.

9.2.4 Noise environment


Preventive maintenance of equipment and vehicles

Unnecessary engine operations to be minimized (e.g. equipment with intermitted use switched off when not working)

DG sets to be provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers.




9.2.5 Biological environment


Avoid cutting of tress wherever possible, especially the endangered species observed in the study area.

Exploring opportunities for conservation of endangered species.

Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction.

Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic.

Training of drivers to maintain speed limits and avoid road-kills.







Maintain the greenbelt already developed

Plant additional trees during operation phase 9.2.6 Socio-economic environment


Training contractors on company safety policy requirements

Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles within the project area

Determine of the safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy vehicles and machinery.

Upgrading local roads, wherever required, to ensure ease of project activity and community safety

Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever feasible, to minimize flow of traffic

Minimizing interruption of access to community use of public infrastructure

Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even temporarily.

Monitoring construction camp safety and hygiene

Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites

Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for security

Project-related waste and wastewater is disposed in a responsible manner Operation phase (Impact significance: Low)

Extending reach of CSR Program

Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles 9.3 MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The baseline flora and fauna has been depicted in Chapter-3. The resultant ambient air quality levels after the operation of the plant will be within the prescribed limits; impact on flora and fauna is not envisaged. The following recommendations are suggested for further implementation:

Clearing of existing vegetation should be kept to minimum and should be done only when absolutely necessary;

Plantation programme should be undertaken in all available areas. This should include plantation in the expanded areas, along the roads, on solid waste dump yards etc;

Use of biogas, solar energy, should be encouraged both at individual and at society levels; and

Plantation should be done along the roads, without affecting plant operational safety. This will not only improve the flora in the region but will add to the aesthetics of the region.

9.4 ENVIRONMENT CELL

A Health, Safety and Environment Department under its technical services department of IOCL, which consists of well-qualified and experienced technical personnel from the relevant fields, is in place to look after environment mitigation measures during the construction and operation phase.






9.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The overall impact of the pollution on the environment during construction phase is localised in nature and is for a short period at all sites. In order to develop effective mitigation plan, it is important to conceive the specific activities during construction phase causing environmental impact. All the construction activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by EPC contractor with the guidance of PMC consultant. It is mandatory for EPC contractor to develop site/project specific HSE Policy, HSE Plan, HSE management system for complete EPC phase of the project. The various HSE requirements/Deliverables that will be developed is given in Table 9.2.

Table 9.2: Elements of HSE Management System during EPC Phase

S.No. Element of HSE Management System

HSE Requirements/Deliverables

1.0 Preservation Development of Principal Environmental Flow Diagram and Environmental Balance

2.0 Progress HSE Measurement Requirements

3.0 Durable Development Implementation Plan for Environmental Management Plan indicated in Final EIA report (Approved by MoEF)

4.0 Regulation Environmental Philosophy & Safety Philosophy

5.0 Prevention and Proactive Management of Risk

Implementation of findings of Risk Assessment Study

6.0 Continuous Improvement

6.1 HSE Close out Report

6.2 HSE Audit Requirements

6.3 Project HSE Review

7.0 Formation and Sensitisation HSE Training Requirements

8.0 Information and Communication

8.1 HSE Communication Requirements

8.2 HSE Resources

8.3 Competency Requirements

8.4 HSE Documentation

8.5 HSE Records

8.6 HSE Procedures

9.0 Responsibilities HSE Management System Requirements






9.5.1 Air Quality

As mentioned in Chapter-4, there will be minimal increase in particulate matter levels in ambient air during construction of proposed activities. The proposed activities are to be developed within the Paradeep Refinery premises. All the major dust generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HS Manager. As indicated in Table 9.2 of S. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the ambient air quality monitored before and during all dust generation construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HS manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 9.2 of S. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

9.5.2 Noise Quality

Ambient noise levels measured at various locations surrounding the Paradeep Refinery area are found within limits. All the major noise generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HS Manager. As indicated in Table 9.2, Sl. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the ambient noise monitored before and during all noise generation construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HS manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 9.2 of Sl. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

9.5.3 Water Quality

All the major water consumption and waste water generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HS Manager. As indicated in Table 9.2 of S. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the total water supplied by tankers and wastage of the same shall be monitored before and during all such construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HS manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 9.2 of S. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

9.5.4 Socio-economic

The presence of highly skilled labour force around the plant area will ensure the availability of labour at construction site. This will lead to non-requirement of any kind of temporary housing near the construction site but may put stress in the existing transport system and traffic density. A proper traffic and man power management may reduce this problem in a substantial way. The health records of all construction force will be collected and will be supervised by medical in-charge specially appointed by EPC Contractor.

9.5.5 Biological Environment

As discussed in section 6.3.1, existing green belt will be maintained.. Also this will enhance the soil erosion and conserve the local biodiversity.

9.5.6 Operation Phase

All the operation activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by EPC contractor with the guidance of PMC consultant before the plant gets ready. It is mandatory for EPC contractor to develop site/project specific HSE Policy, HSE Plan, HSE management system for complete commissioning and operational phases of the project. The various HSE requirements that will be carried out by the HSE team of the organization are listed below:






a. Review and assessment of adequacy of measures implemented as per Environmental

Management Plan, Disaster Management Plan (Onsite and Offsite) and Emergency Preparedness Plan and all other measures suggested by Statutory Authorities.

b. Monitoring of Environmental balance and its parameters and its compliance to requirements specified as per statutory requirements/design requirements.

c. Mock Safety drills to assess the readiness of the control of major accidents and hazards d. Conducting HSE audits and Reviews.

The environmental management plan during the operational phase of the plant shall therefore be directed towards the following:

Ensuring the operation of various process units as per specified operating guidelines/operating manuals.

Strict adherence to maintenance schedule for various machinery/equipment.

Good Housekeeping practices.

Post project environmental monitoring. 9.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

For the proposed project, action plan for the implementation of OHSA Standards as per OSHAS/USEPA is as shown below:

Display of Occupational Health & Safety Policy;

To comply with statutory legal compliance related to the OHC dept.;

Develop Onsite and Offsite emergency plan as Emergency Procedures to respond to Potential Emergencies;

Schedule Regular Emergency Evacuation Drills by active participation and evaluation as and when drill planned by safety department;

Six monthly periodic medical examinations of all workers working with the hazardous process;

Reporting of all incidence and accidents by Accident & Incidence Reporting System;

Investigation of all incidence and accidents by Investigation Report System;

MSDS of all chemicals of company;

Review of first aid facility;

Preparing first aider & its information at work place;

Identifying training needs of all the departments;

Awareness of Occupational Hazards & General health promotional in workers by conducting lectures for occupational health hazards in annual planner at training center;

Up-keep of ambulance & OHC by maintaining records.

9.6.1 Health

In order to provide safe working environment and safeguard occupational health and hygiene, the following measures will be undertaken:

Periodic compulsory medical examination for all the plant employees as per OSHA

requirement and specific medical examination.

All the employees shall be trained in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) aspects related to their job.






Exposure of workers to noise, particularly in areas housing equipment which produce 85

dB(A) or more will be monitored by noise decimeters. Audiometric tests are also done at periodic intervals for all the plant employees.

Regular (6 monthly) periodic medical checkup of contract and subcontract workers working at hazardous processes is done as per clause 68 T of Factory’s Act.

9.7 ENTERPRISE SOCIAL COMMITMENT

Making a difference to the society at large and contributing to nation building has been the cornerstone of Indian Oil's Enterprise Social Commitment initiatives. Over Rs. 400 Crores have been invested for various developmental activities undertaken in the state of Odisha. Indian Oil Corporation has supported several community initiatives touching the lives of millions of people through investments in health care, educational, social welfare and for promotion of the state’s rich art & cultural heritage. River Mahanadi is the major source of water which caters the communities in this region. To ensure the drinking water availability from Mahanadi River in Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur & Paradip region, expenditure of around Rs. 380 Crore was made on various activities as below:

Dredging of Mahanadi river bed

Construction of Water Treatment Plant

Removal of Old Anicut in the river Mahanadi Concerned about availability of emergency medical help, and to ferry local patients to the nearest hospitals, hi-tech ambulances have been provided to the Government of Odisha and Red Cross Society at a cost of Rs. 2.05 crore. IOCL has partnered many life changing projects for community development of the residents of 50 villages under the nearby Panchayats of Paradipgarh, Kothi, Dhinkia, Bagadia, Gandakipur, Fatepur and Biswali. Paradip region is vulnerable to cyclones. For the emergency mitigation many new cyclone centers in nearby villages are set up and some are renovated in the nearby villages. Over the last 5-6 years around Rs 15 lacs have been spent on supporting the locals during natural calamities. IOCL has contributed Rs 1 crore to the Chief Minister relief Fund after severe cyclonic storm ‘Phailine’. For health & sanitation facilities, various initiative have been made in the shape of

Medical check up camps in villages, orphanages and old age homes through NGOs and refineries Vivekananda Hospital.

Provision of drinking water through 80 deep bore wells (at 1200 feet depth to avoid salinity in the soil), and supply through tanks.

Constructing toilets under swachh bharat abhiyan and swachh vidyalay abhiyan.

Drainage facilities in the villages of Balisahi & Dampara of Trilochanpur Village at Dhinkia Panchayat benefitting more than 2500 people IOCL have also taken steps to provide requisite infrastructure on Education & skill development programmes for overall development of the nearby community.

Skill development workshops and centers.

Basic furniture for the schools.

Computers for technology-driven learning.






Major renovation and boundary walls for nearby schools like Jatadhari U.P. School .(Rangiagarh), Kandha U.P.School (Paradipgarh Panchayat), Jhimani Nodal U.P. School and Janata High School (Bagadia Panchayat).

School building construction for Model Public School at Kujang (Jagatsinghpur).

More than 60 programmes on tailoring benefitting almost 1200 women. Each one is provided with a sewing enabling them to start earning.

Repairing of school building and construction of additional classrooms taken up for Sarala Mahavidyalaya, Rahama. Apart from the above infrastructure, IOCL have also provided the following facilities in the nearby villages.

Community Centre-cum-Library & Anganwadi Centre (Jhimani, Bagadia Panchayat).

Multipurpose hall-cum-shelter at orphanage (Patlipanka).

2.2 km-long metal road & Siju-Bagadia railway over bridge road.

Connecting road from NH-5A to Paradipgarh Panchayat. Indian Oil has always been on the forefront in preserving and encouraging Indian culture and performing art. IOCL has come forward to be part of the rich Odiya performing arts tradition of Gotipua by constructing a building at a cost of Rs.21 lakh for training the students in this ancient form of dance called the Dasabhuja Gotipua Odissi Nrutya Parisad, in Raghurajpur,. Indian Oil has contributed Rs. 2 crore till date for the promotion and development of hockey in the State of Odisha. The Indian Oil Foundation, a non profit trust fully funded by India Oil Corporation Limited has developed a world class interpretation and tourist facilitation centre around the UNESCO world heritage site of Sun Temple at Konark, Odisha at a cost of Rs 45 Crores. Indian Oil has also actively involved in setting up a branch of Institute of Chemical Technology in the state of Odisha. IOCL, Paradip Refinery have spent around Rs. 1100 Lakhs under Corporate Social Responsibility in the surrounding region since 2013-14 to till date (last 04 financial years). IOCl will hold consultations with district administration authorities for assessing the needs & requirements of requirements of Trilochanpur, Rangiagarh, Dhenkia, Abhaychandrapur, Paradipgarh, kothi etc. villages/ Panchayats around the refinery & also any other specific needs in the vicinity. Considering the needs a suitable frame work in terms of budget & schedule for promoting social welfare shall be formulated and expenditure planning shall be submitted to MoEFCC.

9.8 GREEN BELT-MANGROVE PLANTATION 9.8.1 Mangroves detail

Along the banks of Santra Creek, green belt of total length 8300 m with a width of 100 m has been developed for:

Eco conservation,

Abatement of soil erosion from tidal action,

Absorption and abatement of air, noise and thermal pollution.

Total area of 83 hectares was planted with 183650 nos. trees of different species of

Mangroves and other plants depending upon the tidal inundation as well as exposure to

fugitive hydrocarbon and other pollutants. The details of mangrove plantation are as under:






S.

No. Description

Type of

Mangrove/plants

Area in

ha

Nos of

Plantation

1 The region exposed to regular tidal

inundation.

Salt tolerant

mangrove

(Given in Table -A)

33.2 66400

2 The region exposed to occasional tidal

inundation.

Given in Table-B 24.9 55000

3 The region closest to the Refinery Given in Table-C 24.9 62250

4 Total 183650

Table-A:

S. No. Latin Name Common Name No. of Plants

1 Avicennia alba Dhala Bani 7200

2 Kandelia candel Sindhuguan 7200

3 Sonneratia caseolaris Orua 7200

4 Avicennia officinalis Bani 7200

5 Bruguiera cylindrical Bandari 7200

6 Bruguiera parviflora Kaliachua 7200

7 Heritiera kanikensis Kanika sundari 7200

8 Rhizophora apiculata Rai 7200

9 Rhizophora stylosa Rai -

10 Pandanus fascicularis Luni Kia 4400

11 Salvadora persica Miriga 4400

12 Tamarix cricoides Jagada -

Total 66400

Table-B:


1 Hibiscus tilliaceous Bania 6000

2 Thespisia populnea Habali 6000

3 Excoecaria agallocha Guan 6000

4 Poenix paludosa Hentala 5000

5 Rhyzophora mucronata Rai 5000

6 Rhyzophora apiculata Rai 5000

7 Heritiera littoralis Dhala sundari 5000

8 Pandanus odoritsmuss Keora 5000

9 Ailantus exelsa Mahala 12000

Total 55000

Table-C:


1 Albizzia lebbeck 1500

2 Buchanania lanzan Chironji 2750

3 Grevillia robusta Silver oak 1500

4 Lagerstroemia parviflora Phuriwh 2750

5 Samanea saman Indian Raintree 2750







6 Terminalia tomentosa Asan 2750

7 Ficus bengalensis Bargad 2800

8 Ficus religiosa Peepal 2800

9 Acacia auriculiformis Akashmoni 2800

10 Alstonia scholaris Chittayan 2800

11 Ficus acuminata Gular 2800

12 Aegle marmelos Bel 4000

13 Ficus elastica Rubber 4000

14 Cassia fistula Amaltas 4000

15 Mimusops elengi Bakul 4000

16 Ficus glomerata Gular 4000

17 Gardenia jasminoides Anant 4000

18 Ixora cocinea Rangan 4000

19 Saraca indica Ashok 4000

20 Callistemon citrinus Bottle brush 4000

21 Grawia subeniqualis Phalsa 4000

22 Acacia catechu Khair 3000

23 Carissa carandus Karaunda 2500

24 Citrus lemon Bara nembu 3000

25 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Gudhal 2500

26 Lawsonia inermis Mehandi 2500

27 Nerium indicum Kaner 2500

28 Nyctanthus abortristis Harsingar 3250

Total 87250

9.9 BUDGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET (CONSTRUCTION PHASE)

Expenditure plan for the financial year 2016-17 and current financial year 2017-18 are respectively Rs.1729.35 Lakhs and Rs. 1806.09 Lakhs. Details are given in Table no.9.3 (a) & Table no.9.3 (b):

Table no.9.3 (a) Expenditure plan for the financial year 2016-17

S. No. Environment expenditure Cost (Rs.in Lakhs)

1 Treatment and disposal cost of waste * --

2 Expenditure of Treatment of effluent/ air pollution control etc., 76400000

3 Expenditure on Environmental monitoring - stack & ambient monitoring; effluent 75547566

4 Expenditure for consent / authorization/ EC etc 13613038

5 Other environmental cost (like external services ) 7374501

Total cost 1729

Rs. in Cr. 17.29






Table no.9.3 (b) Expenditure plan for the financial year 2017-18

S. No. Item Description Cost (Rs.in Lakhs)

1 ETP+RO operation 265.3

2 OWS/CRWS operation 51.3

3 SLF operation and maintenance 4.32

4 Bio Medical Waste handling 3.99

5 Township Environment management 120.2

6 STP & Bio gas plant operation services 28.97

7 ETP chemical 19.61

8 Consent to Operate for Refinery and associated facilities 102.57

9 AMC of AAQMS On-line analyzer 24.66

10 AMC of CEMS On-line analyzer 41.07

11 Data connectivity and AMC 11.71

12 AMC of BOD COD and TSS analyzer 16.48

13 External agency for ESA 3.52

14 PCSA 2.3

15 Environment monitoring by PDIL 16.4

16 Environment monitoring by SGS 405.58

17 Ecological park development-phase-1 68.26

18 Ecological park development-phase-2 55.33

19 Ecological park development-Consultancy 0.87

20 Tree Plantation 10

21 External agency for EIA study 3.01

22 External agency for RA study 0

23 1 MW Solar power 484.5

24 LED replacement 66.14

Total Expenditure 1806.09

Expenditure in Rs. Cr 18.0609

Details of various areas of EMP in construction phase and amount which shall be spent in respective area is shown below in Table 9.4.

Table 9.4: Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Construction Phase)



per Annum (Rs.)

1.0 Air Environment

1.1 Development of Green Belt 50 15

1.2 Ambient air quality Monitoring 3.5












per Annum (Rs.)

3.1 Water Monitoring 3.5



4.2 Solid waste management tracking and development of manure pits

2.5 1.0



6.0 Enterprise Social Responsibility

6.1 Social development activities in terms of Skill Development / Empowerment, Education/Literacy Enhancement, Healthcare/ Medical facility, Drinking water/ Sanitation, Community Development etc.

90.0 10.0

Total Amount 142.5 35.5

9.9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BUDGET (OPERATION PHASE)

Details of various areas of EMP in operation phase and amount which shall be spent in respective area is shown below in Table 9.5.

Table 9.5: Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Operation Phase)

Sl.No. Activity Capital Cost in

Lakhs (Rs.)

Recurring Cost in Lakhs per Annum

(Rs.)

1.0 Air Environment

1.1 Development of Green Belt 100.0 10.0

1.2 Stack Emissions 8.0

1.3 Ambient Air Monitoring 12.0

1.4 VOC monitoring 14.0

1.5 AMC for Pollution Control Analyzers 35.0



2.2 Ear Plugs, Ear Muff, Soft Sponge 0.5

2.3 OHC staff for noise monitoring 25.0



3.1 Rain water harvesting pits 10

3.2 Water Quality Monitoring 2.0





Total Amount 110 109






CHAPTER-10

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

10.1 GENERAL INFORMATION






Name of Organization: Engineers India Limited Address: Head - Environment, Water & Safety Division

Tower-I, Ground floor, R&D centre, Engineers India Limited, Gurgaon (On NH-8), Haryana-122001 Telephone Nos. : 0124-3802034 Email: [email protected]

10.2 ESTABLISHMENT

Engineers India Limited (EIL) was established in 1965 to provide engineering and related services for Petroleum Refineries and other industrial projects. Over the years, it has diversified into and excelled in various fields. EIL has emerged as Asia's leading design, engineering and turnkey contracting company in Petroleum Refining, Petrochemicals, Pipelines, Onshore Oil & Gas, Mining & Metallurgy, Offshore Oil & Gas, Terminals & Storages and Infrastructure. EIL provides a wide range of design, engineering, procurement, construction supervision, commissioning assistance and project management as well as EPC services. It also provides specialist services such as heat & mass transfer equipment design, environment engineering, information technology, specialist materials and maintenance, plant operations & safety including HAZOPS & Risk Analysis, refinery optimization studies and yield & energy optimization studies. Engineers India has earned recognition for jobs executed in India and several countries of West Asia, North Africa, Europe and South East Asia including Algeria, Bahrain, Kuwait, Korea, Malaysia, Norway, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, UAE and Vietnam. EIL is diversifying into the areas of Water & Waste Management, Nuclear Power, Thermal and Solar Power and City Gas Distribution. EIL has its head office in New Delhi, regional engineering offices in Gurgaon, Chennai, Kolkata and Vadodara and a branch office in Mumbai. It has inspection offices at all major equipment manufacturing locations in India and a wholly owned subsidiary Certification Engineers International Ltd. (CEIL) for undertaking independent certification & third party inspection assignments. Outside India, EIL has offices in Abu Dhabi (UAE), London, Milan and Shanghai and a wholly owned subsidiary, EIL Asia Pacific Sdn. Bhd. (EILAP) in Malaysia. EIL has also formed a joint venture Jabal EILIOT with IOTL & Jabal Dhahran for tapping business opportunities in Saudi Arabia. Backed by its unmatched experience, EIL enjoys a high professional standing in the market and is known as a versatile and competent engineering company that can be relied upon for meeting the clients' requirements. Quality Management System with respect to EIL's services conforms to ISO 9001:2008 The Design Offices are equipped with state-of-the-art computing systems, design tools and infrastructure.

10.3 EIL’S VISION

mailto:[email protected]






To be a world-class globally competitive EPC and total solutions Consultancy Organization.

10.4 EIL’S MISSION

Achieve ‘Customer delight’ through innovative, cost effective and value added consulting and EPC services.

To maximize creation of wealth, value and satisfaction for stakeholders with high standards of business ethics and aligned with national policies.

10.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL

Benchmark to learn from superior role models.

Nurture the essence of Customer Relationship and bonding.

Foster Innovation with emphasis on value addition.

Integrity and Trust as fundamental to functioning.

Thrive upon constant Knowledge updation as a Learning organization.

Passion in pursuit of excellence.

Quality as a way of life.

Collaboration in synergy through cross-functional Team efforts.

Sense of ownership in what we do. 10.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL

Enhance customer satisfaction through continuous improvement of our technologies, work processes, and systems and total compliance with established quality management system.

Consistently improve the quality of products /services with active participation of committed and motivated employees and feedback from stakeholders.

Provide added value to customers through timely and cost effective services/deliverables.

Ensure total compliance with applicable health, safety and environment requirements during design and delivery of products to enrich quality of life.

10.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL

Ensure compliance with requirements of health, safety and environment, during design and delivery of products/ services as per applicable National and International codes, standards, procedures, engineering practices, and statutory requirements including customer's requirements. Ensure safety and health of employees, personnel of clients and associates. Create awareness on health, safety and environment aspects for all employees and associates.

10.8 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL

EIL is committed to effective management of risks across the organization by aligning its risk management strategy to its business objectives through

Instituting a risk management structure for timely identification, assessment, mitigating, monitoring and reporting of risks.

Risk management at EIL is the responsibility of every employee both individually as well as collectively. The present EIA report has been prepared by EIL, an engineering and consultancy organization in the country. EIL has been preparing regularly EIA / EMP reports for






different projects. The environmental Engineering Division of EIL has carried out more than 300 numbers of Environmental Impact Assessment projects. National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) - under the Accreditation Scheme for EIA Consultant Organizations has accredited EIL as EIA consultant for 11 EIA Sectors, vide NABET notification dated 29.09.14 and certification No.- 43/2014. The list of sectors for which the accreditation has been accorded by NABET is given in Figure 10.1. The same can be referred from the NABET website “www.qcin.org/nabet/about.php”, by following the link - EIA Accreditation Scheme – Accreditation Register – Accredited Consultant.






Figure. 10.1 : EIL Accreditation Certificate by NABET

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Regd. Office : Engineers India Bhawan, 1, Bhikaiji Cama Place , New Delhi – 110066

Documents

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