NJDOT Pavement Preservation NJDOT Pavement Preservation Technical AppraisalTechnical Appraisal

ByBy

Robert W. SauberRobert W. Sauber

Supervising EngineerSupervising EngineerForFor

Northeast Pavement Northeast Pavement

Preservation PartnershipPreservation Partnership

January 12, 2006January 12, 2006

Pavement Technology Unit

NJ Facts and FiguresNJ Facts and Figures

�� Highest Population Density: 1134/Sq MiHighest Population Density: 1134/Sq Mi

�� 4747thth State in Size / 9State in Size / 9thth in Populationin Population

�� Highest Urban Population: 90%Highest Urban Population: 90%

�� Most Dense Highway & Rail System in USMost Dense Highway & Rail System in US

�� Highest median household and family Highest median household and family

income among the 50 statesincome among the 50 states

�� Home to 2Home to 2ndnd Largest US Port FacilityLargest US Port Facility

NJ FY06 ProgramNJ FY06 Program

Federal

$1.5 billion

NJ Trust Fund

$1.2 billion

Other

$120 millionTotal = $2.7 billion

NJ FY06 programNJ FY06 program

NJDOT

$1.6 billionNJ TRANSIT

$1.1 billion

Total = $2.7 billion

New Jersey Roadway System New Jersey Roadway System New Jersey Roadway System New Jersey Roadway System Breakdown By Centerline MilesBreakdown By Centerline MilesBreakdown By Centerline MilesBreakdown By Centerline Miles

Two-thirds of all traffic is carried on state-owned roads

Functional Adequacy of NJ State Highway System (Based on Roughness and Distress)

DeficientRough Only

20%

DeficientDistressed

Only19%

DeficientRough &

Distressed10%

Good11%

Fair11%

Mediocre29%

Pavement Structural Adequacy:

53% of the state highway system is deficient to carry design traffic loads

These roads exhibit good ride quality with little or no signs of deterioration.

3.5 - 5.00 - 94Good

3.1 – 3.495 –119Fair

These roads exhibit minimally acceptable ride quality that is noticeably inferior to those of new pavements and may be barely tolerable for high-speed traffic. These pavements may show some signs of deterioration such as rutting, map cracking and extensive patching. Most importantly, roads in this category are in jeopardy and should immediately be programmed for some cost-effective treatment that will improve them to a good condition and avoid costly rehabilitation in the near future.

2.6 - 3.0120 - 170Mediocre

These roads are overdue for treatment. Drivers on these roads are likely to notice that they are driving on a rough surface, which puts stress on their vehicles. These pavements may have deteriorated to such an extent that they affect the speed of free flow traffic. Flexible pavements may have large potholes and deep cracks. These roads often show significant signs of wear and deterioration, and may have significant distress in the underlying foundation. Roads in this condition will generally be most costly to rehabilitate.

0 - 2.5Above 170Deficient

(Poor)

Engineering Significance

SDI (Surface Distress Index)

IRI (International Roughness Index, in/mi)

Condition Status

Source: NJDOT Pavement Management System, 2004 Data

100%82994644Total State System

11%959484Total Good

11%876513Total Fair

29%24041419Total Mediocre

49%40602228Total Deficient

10%843490Deficient by Rough & Distress

19%1544795Deficient by Distress Alone

20%1673943Deficient by Roughness Alone

% of Total System

Lane Miles (Two Directions)

Road Miles (Two Directions)Condition

Functional Adequacy of NJ State Highway System(Based on Roughness and Distress)

Percent Of System With Deficient Ride Quality Using Various Funding Scenarios

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Fiscal Year Ending

Per

cent

With

Def

icie

nt R

QI

HistoryScenario 1.1 - $200m(FY08) + $10mAdd/YrScenario 1.2 - $114m(FY06) + $10mAdd/YrScenario 2.1 - $270m(FY08) + $10mAdd/YrScenario 2.2 - $300m(FY08) + $10mAdd/YrScenario 2.3 - $320m(FY08) + $10mAdd/Yr

BC CO PCCBituminous Concrete

Composite Portland Cement Concrete

Interstate 895 477 584 1956

Non-Interstate 2744 3322 334 6400

Total 3639 3799 918 8356

Pavement Type

NJ STATE HIGHWAY SYSTEMLANE MILES

Road Class Total

Pavement Preservation

Historical Funding vs. Maintaining 1992 Funding Levels

0

50

100

150

200

250

FY92FY93FY94FY95FY96FY97FY98FY99FY00FY01FY02FY03FY04FY05FY06

FISCAL YEAR

$ IN

MIL

LIO

NS

'92 Fund Levels

Historical

’92 Funding

TreatmentsRigid PavementsTreatmentsTreatments

Rigid PavementsRigid Pavements� Full Depth Concrete Pavement Repair

� Concrete Joint Resealing

� Concrete Spall Repair

� Diamond Grinding

� Dowel Bar Retrofit

� Slab Stabilization & Slab Jacking

� Bituminous Shoulder Treatments

� Underdrain Maintenance

TreatmentsFlexible and Composite Pavements

TreatmentsTreatments

Flexible and Composite PavementsFlexible and Composite Pavements

�� HMA Milling & Overlay (Nonstructural)HMA Milling & Overlay (Nonstructural)

�� MicroMicro--SurfacingSurfacing

�� Longitudinal Joint RepairLongitudinal Joint Repair

�� Crack SealingCrack Sealing

�� HMA Shoulder Chip Seals HMA Shoulder Chip Seals

�� UltraUltra--Thin OverlaysThin Overlays

�� Drainage MaintenanceDrainage Maintenance

Issues and BarriersIssues and BarriersIssues and Barriers1. Institutional Change within the Highway

Agency

2. Marketplace Pressures by Industry Groups to Disturb the Status Quo

3. Convincing the Public of the Benefits

1.1. Institutional Change within the Highway Institutional Change within the Highway AgencyAgency

2.2. Marketplace Pressures by Industry Marketplace Pressures by Industry Groups to Disturb the Status QuoGroups to Disturb the Status Quo

3.3. Convincing the Public of the BenefitsConvincing the Public of the Benefits

Pavement PreservationPavement Preservation�� Focus shift from pavement rehabilitation to Focus shift from pavement rehabilitation to pavement preservation pavement preservation

�� Perpetual Pavements (50+ year design)Perpetual Pavements (50+ year design)•• Confine distresses to upper pavement layersConfine distresses to upper pavement layers

•• Periodic removal and replacement of surface layerPeriodic removal and replacement of surface layer

�� Project SelectionProject Selection-- timing is criticaltiming is critical•• Best for pavements with slow rates of Best for pavements with slow rates of deteriorationdeterioration

�� More frequent, less expensive treatmentsMore frequent, less expensive treatments

�� Minimal increase to pavement structureMinimal increase to pavement structure

Concrete Pavement TreatmentsConcrete Pavement Treatments�� Stabilization/Stabilization/UndersealingUndersealing

•• High Density Polyurethane foam High Density Polyurethane foam

•• Fly Ash/Cement groutFly Ash/Cement grout

�� Diamond GrindingDiamond Grinding•• Improved ride quality & texture, less tire noiseImproved ride quality & texture, less tire noise

�� Fast Track ConcreteFast Track Concrete•• Full Depth PatchingFull Depth Patching

•• Partial Depth PatchingPartial Depth Patching

�� Load Transfer RestorationLoad Transfer Restoration•• Retrofit Dowel Bars & Crack Stitching Retrofit Dowel Bars & Crack Stitching

�� Joint Resealing & Crack SealingJoint Resealing & Crack Sealing•• Hot Poured Rubberized AsphaltHot Poured Rubberized Asphalt

Thin OverlaysThin Overlays�� DenseDense--graded systemsgraded systems

•• SuperpaveSuperpave

�� OpenOpen--graded systemsgraded systems

•• OGFC, MOGFCOGFC, MOGFC

�� GapGap--graded systemsgraded systems

•• SMASMA

•• NovachipNovachip

�� UltraUltra--thin systems < 25 mmthin systems < 25 mm

•• MicrosurfacingMicrosurfacing

Types of Thin HMA Types of Thin HMA SurfacingsSurfacings

�� DenseDense--graded mixesgraded mixes

•• Continuously graded, SuperpaveContinuously graded, Superpave

•• Sand mixes, SAF (Strata)Sand mixes, SAF (Strata)

�� OpenOpen--graded mixesgraded mixes

•• 1515--20% voids, fibers and polymer20% voids, fibers and polymer

•• Used to reduce splash and spray, and improve high speed Used to reduce splash and spray, and improve high speed

frictionfriction

�� GapGap--graded systemsgraded systems

•• SMA type mixesSMA type mixes

•• UltraUltra--Thin systemsThin systems

•• NovachipNovachip®®

ULTRAULTRA--THIN FRICTION COURSETHIN FRICTION COURSE

NOVACHIPNOVACHIP

NOVACHIPNOVACHIP MacroMacro--TextureTexture

The SelfThe Self--Priming PaverPriming Paver

Concrete Pavement Concrete Pavement RestorationRestoration

(CPR)(CPR)

Purpose of CPR TechniquesPurpose of CPR Techniques

�� Repair particular distressRepair particular distress

�� Prevent recurrence of distressPrevent recurrence of distress

�� Improve pavement capacityImprove pavement capacity

•• StructureStructure

•• TrafficTraffic

•• RideRide

CPR TechniquesCPR Techniques

�� Slab Stabilization/Slab Stabilization/UndersealingUndersealing

�� FullFull--Depth PatchingDepth Patching

�� PartialPartial--Depth PatchingDepth Patching

�� Retrofitting Dowel BarsRetrofitting Dowel Bars

�� Crack StitchingCrack Stitching

�� Diamond GrindingDiamond Grinding

�� Seal Joints & CracksSeal Joints & Cracks

HDP Injection EquipmentHDP Injection Equipment

Rt. IRt. I--287 Slab Jacking287 Slab Jacking

HotHot--Pour Joint SealantsPour Joint Sealants

�� Field control of heatingField control of heating•• 175175--200°C (350200°C (350--400°F) 400°F)

•• Double boilerDouble boiler

•• AgitationAgitation

•• Insulated hosesInsulated hoses

�� Shape factor (filler/sealant)Shape factor (filler/sealant)�� Clean and dry sidewalls!! Clean and dry sidewalls!! Hot Air LanceHot Air Lance

Key Factors

Partial Depth RepairsPartial Depth Repairs

�� Repairs deterioration in the top 1/3 of the slab. Repairs deterioration in the top 1/3 of the slab.

�� Generally located at joints, but can be placed Generally located at joints, but can be placed

anywhere surface defects occur.anywhere surface defects occur.

...... ..

..

..

Load Transfer RestorationLoad Transfer Restoration�� Diamond saw slot cutter Diamond saw slot cutter

•• Cuts multiple slots in a Cuts multiple slots in a

single pass.single pass.

•• Cuts form the edges of Cuts form the edges of

the slotsthe slots

•• Fins are removed laterFins are removed later

•• Can cut 3 or 6 slots in a Can cut 3 or 6 slots in a

single passsingle pass

�� Modified milling machineModified milling machine

•• Cuts multiple slots Cuts multiple slots

without finswithout fins

•• Scarifies edges of slotsScarifies edges of slots

•• May May spallspall pavement pavement

surfacesurface

Diamond GrindingDiamond Grinding

�� Improves ride by Improves ride by

removing:removing:

•• Faulting at jointsFaulting at joints

•• Slab warpingSlab warping

•• Surface deformations Surface deformations

caused by studded caused by studded

tirestires

�� Restores skid Restores skid

resistanceresistance

�� Corrects crossCorrects cross--slopeslope

ConclusionsConclusions

�� Diamond grinding results in a smooth Diamond grinding results in a smooth

pavement surface with desirable pavement surface with desirable

friction characteristicsfriction characteristics

�� Significant increase in surface texture Significant increase in surface texture

and corresponding improvement in and corresponding improvement in

skid resistanceskid resistance

�� Results in dynamic noise reductionResults in dynamic noise reduction

Thank You...Thank You...