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Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction”, Am. Soc’y Int’l L. Proc. 2013. Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable

Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity,http://www.cbd.int/abs/doc/protocol/nagoya-protocol-en.pdf.

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Abstract

Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing Conservation of Biological Diversity: Future Negotiation Issues and Domestic

Legislative Measure to Implement Nagoya Protocol

1)Kim, Hong-kyun*

In October 29th, 2010, a treaty called the Nagoya Protocol was concluded. The

treaty deals with equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic

resources which is one of the objectives that are established in the Biodiversity

Convention. Until recently, the access to genetic resources and benefit sharing

issues have been managed carelessly. However, the initiation of the Nagoya Protocol

has arranged a new turning point. It has specified the obligation of the Parties

for their access to genetic resources and sharing of benefits arising from the utilization

of such resources(ABS) by elucidating the third core objective of the Biodiversity

Convention: equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic

resources.

In the perspective of a country being relatively more recognized as a user of

genetic resources rather than a provider, the ratification of the treaty could likely

be considered a burden for Korea. Further legislative, administrative and policy

measures have to be adopted in order to provide equitable sharing of benefits

for the use of genetic resources. If the treaty enters into effect, there are predictions

that there would be oppositions in industries such as in agriculture, pharmaceuticals,

cosmetics, food and biotechnology. However, since the conservation of biodiversity

is being widely supported by the international society and the protocol was taken

effect recently, we have to be a certain stand in action.

The obligatory provisions of the Nagoya Protocol is insufficiently specific which

makes it hard to be directly applied domestically. For this reason, the Parties,

whether a user or a provider, have to develop legislative, administrative and policy

measures to implement the protocol. The Parties are provided with a large extent

* Professor, School of Law Hanyang University

Journal of Legislation Research / 50th Issue

:

of discretion for their choosing among the three measures. However, among those,

the legislative measure, which includes making related law, is considered to be

most efficient in terms of the securing legal stability and transparency.

The domestic legislative measure has to provide a base for the guarantee of

ABS. The system has to be precise, transparent and efficient in terms of procedures

and contents. Prior informed consent(PIC) and mutually agreed terms(MATs) could

be considered a key measure to guarantee ABS. However, ABS could act as a

pressure for the concerned Parties. For this reason, a elaborate system has to be

designed in order to lessen the burden for users of the genetic resources and to

fully implement the protocol. In this perspective, the bill Act on Access to and

Benefit-Sharing of Genetic Resources by the 19th National Assembly is considered

to be unsatisfactory. It seems that the bill was made in haste; merely to ratify

the Nagoya Protocol before one’s eyes. Even, it could be explained to have drifted

due to the egoistic involved authorities and the indifferent and irresponsible political

circles. There is a high possibility in the near future when a ratification and a

domestic legislative measure is in need. Undoubtedly, similar legislative bills like

the bill Act on Access to and Benefit-Sharing of Genetic Resources could become

rampant at this time. At this moment, a solution to both conserve biodiversity

and promote our nation’s benefit has to be ruminated.