NIQ #4: ClassificationChapter 2 Section 2

Why do scientists classify? 1. What is classification?

The process of grouping things based on their similarities

2. Why do students use classification?

How is it useful to you as students? Binders Lockers Find things easier in stores Closest (shoes)

Taxonomy

3. The scientific study of how living things are classified is called taxonomy.

4. Kaz: What’s it look it? All fish have:

Fins Scales Need water to live Gills 2 eyes 1 mouth

Vocabulary 1. Classification: The

process of grouping things based on their similarities

Example: You can classify animals by where they live.

Vocabulary 2. Taxonomy: The scientific study of

how living things are classified.

Vocabulary

3. Binomial Nomenclature: The for naming organisms in which each

organism is given a unique, two-part scientific name.

Example: Periplaneta americana (common cockroach)

The Naming System of Linnaeus

5. Taxonomy also involves naming organisms.

6. Carolus Linnaeus: Swedish scientist who devised a naming system.

Linnaeus put organisms in groups based on their observable features.

Classification How could you classify these things?

Classification

It is always changing because scientists are always coming up with new idea

There are new species and ideas that prove old things inaccurate

Classification 8. The naming system is called binomial

nomenclature. 9. The word “binomial” means “two names”.

Genus Species

Binomial Nomenclature Genus: Classification grouping that contains

similar, closely related organisms Example: Felis Like your last name (general name

given to your entire family) Genus = General!

Binomial Nomenclature Species: A group of similar organisms that

can mate Example: monax Like your first name (specific name

to you to separate you from the rest of your family)

Species= Specific!

Binomial Nomenclature 10. BOTH words are in italics and only the

first word is capitalized. Example: Marmota monax (Groundhog or

woodchuck)

Together the two words indicate a unique species!

Binomial Nomenclature 11. Why is it useful around the world? So there is so confusion to which organisms

that someone is talking about For example: Here we have groundhogs, but some other places they call them whistlepigs.

Binomial Nomenclature 12. Why did Linnaeus use Latin? It was the language that all scientists spoke

at that point in time. It was a common language to scientists.

Levels of Classification 13. Most classifications today use a series of

eight levels to classify organisms. 14. The classification groups start out

general and are then divided into more specific groups.

15. The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common.

Levels of Classification

DOMAIN HighestKINGDOM LevelPHYLA: (singular is phylum)CLASSESORDERSFAMILIESGENERA: (singular is genus)

LowestSPECIES Level

Classifying an Owl (p.46)

17. As you move down the levels (from Domain to Species), there are fewer organisms in each group.

18. The organisms in the lower groups have more in common.

Vocabulary 4. Genus: Classification grouping

that contains similar, closely related organisms

5. Species: A group of similar organisms that can mate

6. Prokaryote: An organism whose cells lack nuclei in them.

Vocabulary 7. Nucleus: The control center of a

eukaryotic cell that directs the cell’s activity and contain the information that determines the cell’s form and function.

8. Eukaryote: An organism who’s cells contain nuclei.

9. Competition: The struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resource.