Nine Causes of Injury

1. Loading

2. Intrinsic Factors

3. Extrinsic factors

4. Over-use

5. Alignment

6. Intensity

7. Effect of Levels

8. Gravity

9. Resistance

CAUSES OF INJURY:Injuries occur in two ways;

1. Extrinsically or 2. Intrinsically Either as a result ofexternal force from outside your body or internal force from inside your body.

Extrinsic ForcesImpact injuries are common in invasion sports There are two types, Impact with; • Someone , tackle, collision, punch, kick or • Something, hockey stick/ball, landing hard, running into

a post. These cause bruises, sprains, fractures, dislocations or

concussion.

An externally caused injury might involve someone bumping into you, impacting on your body to cause a fracture or dislocation.

Most common in contact sports.

INTRINSIC INJURIES

Internally, sudden movements can strain and tear soft tissue, muscle fibres and tendons, or damage ligaments, something that’s also possible from overtraining.

Chronic injuries arise when a condition is left untreated.

OVERUSE AND CHRONIC INJURIES

Overuse injuries;• As the name implies these are caused by using a part of

the body again and again and include tennis or golf elbow., both count as repetitive strain injuries or RSI

• Initially these can be eased with RICEChronic injuries • These happen when this type of injury is not treated or

given time to heal.

These types of injury can lead to arthritis.

Types of injuries we are going to be examining….

• Concussion

• Sprains

• Fractures

• Dislocations

COMMON TYPES OF INJURY1. Fractures:a crack or a break in a bone or bones

Closed - when the bone breaks but stays inside the skin. Open

- when the bone breaks and comes out through the skin.

2. Dislocationwhen the bones of a joint are wrenched apart

3. Torn Cartilagewhich tears, often in the knee and can 'lock' the joint

COMMON TYPES OF INJURY

4. Concussion – shaking/bruising to the brain• Caused by impact to the head, often

knocking the person unconscious

Soft tissue injuries: treated with RICE

Sprains - when ligaments are overstretched or torn around a joint, eg twisted or sprained ankle.

Strains - when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn,eg pulled muscle. Bruises - caused when blood vessels burst under the skin following

impact.Pulled/torn muscles damage to fibres

Skin damage:• Cuts - caused by impact with a sharp object.

• Grazes and blisters - caused by friction or rubbing.

COMMON TYPES OF INJURY

Sprains

• Task:

1.Open a word

document the title is

Causes & types of

injuries.

2. Using the internet

find a definition of a

sprain.

3. Use Google images

to find a picture of a

sprain.

You have 4 minutes!

Signs & Symptoms of a Sprain

SIGNS – what can you see?

• Swelling• Bruising• Discolouration

SYMPTOMS – what are they telling you?

• Pain

• Immobility of the joint

• Unable to put weight on the injured part

Task: In your word document list the signs and symptoms for a sprain

What sports are Sprains most common in and why?

How would you treat a sprain?

R.I.C.E

Rest

Ice

Compression

Elevation

Task: In your word document state how you would treat a sprain and identify what sports are sprains most common in

and why.

Fractures

• Task:

1.Open a word

document the title is

Causes & types of

injuries.

2. Using the internet

find a definition of a

fracture

3. Use Google images

to find a picture of a

fracture

You have 4 minutes!

Signs & Symptoms of a Fracture

SIGNS – what can you see?

• Swelling• Bruising• Discolouration• Deformity • Blood if it is an open

fracture • Pale• Sweating

SYMPTOMS – what are they telling you?

• Pain• Unable to move injured

area• Unable to put weight on

the injured part• Feel sick

Task: In your word document list the signs and symptoms for a fracture

• Phone 999• Reassure them• Pad around the area if

possible• Keep them warm

What sports are Fractures most common in and why?

How would you treat a fracture?

Task: In your word document state how you would treat a sprain and identify what sports are fractures most common

in and why.

Fractures

Two types of fractures:• Simple/closed:

Bone has broken under the skin.

• Compound/open fractures.

The bone is broken through the skin.

• Signs & Symptoms:• Pain• Swelling• Could hear a grating

noise• Deformity • Blood if it is a open

fracture

Treatment of a fracture

• Treatment of a Simple fracture:

• Call 999, support the injured part – take to hospital.

• DO NOT MOVE CASUALITY IN BOTH CASES!

• Treatment of a Compound fracture: – Call 999 cover the site

with a sterile dressing to prevent blood loss. Apply pressure to stop bleeding BUT NOT ON THE BONE!!!

What sports are fractures most common in?

Dislocation

• Task:

1.Open a word

document the title is

Causes & types of

injuries.

2. Using the internet

find a definition of a

dislocation

3. Use Google images

to find a picture of a

dislocation

You have 4 minutes!

Signs & Symptoms of a Dislocation

SIGNS – what can you see?

• Swelling• Bruising• Redness• Deformity • Warmth to the area

SYMPTOMS – what are they telling you?

• Pain• Loss of movement• Unable to put weight on

the injured part• Feel sick

Task: In your word document list the signs and symptoms for a dislocation

• Call 999• Reassure them • Use a sling if possible• Keep them warm

What sports are dislocation most common in and why?

How would you treat a dislocation?

Task: In your word document state how you would treat a sprain and identify what sports are dislocations most

common in and why.

Dislocations

• Dislocations are:• Dislocations occur at

joints where the bone comes away from the socket.

• Signs & Symptoms:• Pain in the injured area.• Loss of movement to the

injured area• Swelling• Deformity of the area• Warmth to the area• Bruising or discolouration• Redness.

Treatment of Dislocation

• Treatment:

• Call 999 for an ambulance

• Keep them warm to prevent shock occurring.

• Immobilise neck and dislocated shoulder with padded splints or sling.

• DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPOSITION THE DISLOCATED BONE!!!!

What sports are fractures most common in?

Concussion

• Task:

1.Open a word

document the title is

Causes & types of

injuries.

2. Using the internet

find a definition of a

concussion

3. Use Google images

to find a picture of a

concussion

You have 4 minutes!

Signs & Symptoms of a concussion

SIGNS – what can you see?

• Swelling• Bruising• Maybe a cut on the head• Pale

SYMPTOMS – what are they telling you?

• Headache• Dizziness• Loss of short term

memory• Sickness

Task: In your word document list the signs and symptoms for concussion

• Conscious – keep them awake & monitor them, treat any wounds.

• Unconscious & breathing – put them in the recovery position, phone for an ambulance.

What sports are concussionmost common in and why?

How would you treat a concussion?

Task: In your word document state how you would treat a sprain and identify what sports are concussion most

common in and why.

Concussion

• Concussion can be defined as a disturbance of the brain function and is usually brought about by a blow to the head.

• Signs & Symptoms: • Dizziness• Loss of short term

memory• Headache• Sickness (nausea)

Treatment

• Conscious – keep them awake & monitor them, treat any wounds.

• Unconscious & breathing – put them in the recovery position, phone for an ambulance.

What sport is concussion most common in?