Ars edendiLECTURE SERIES

Volume I

Edited byErika Kihlman and Denis Searby

ACTA UNIVERSITATIS STOCKHOLMIENSIS

Studia Latina Stockholmiensia LVI

Ars edendiLECTURE SERIES

Volume I

Edited byErika Kihlman and Denis Searby

STO CKHOLM U NIV ERSIT Y2011

Cover image: Miniature from Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, ms 71 A 24, fol.2v, containing the legend of the monk Theophilus. The authors and Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis 2011ISBN 978 - 91- 86071-70 -7ISSN 0491-2764Printed by US-AB, Stockholm 2011Distributed by eddy.se ab, Visby

Table of Contents

Introduction 1Erika Kihlman and Denis Searby

Contributors 9

Tasks for Editors 11Nigel Wilson

De laude scriptorum manualium and De laude editorum: FromScript to Print, From Print to Bytes 25Jan M. Ziolkowski

In Search of the Lost Scribes: A Numerical Approach to GreekPaleography 59Timothy Janz

Research on Early Medieval Rhythmical Poetry: Some Results andSome Problems 81Peter Stotz

On Taking Stylistics into Consideration when Editing MedievalTexts 113Pascale Bourgain

Ars edendi Lecture Series, vol. 1 (Stockholm, 2011), pp. 1124.

Tasks for Editors

Nigel Wilson

My career has been that of a classicist whose primary interest is inGreek palaeography and textual criticism. But in fact my interests arewider than you might assume from that description. Apart from myconcern with ancient texts I have devoted a good deal of time tovarious Byzantine authors, and not long ago I found myself in theremarkable position of being able to take another forward chrono-logical step and issue the editio princeps of an essay by one of the mostimportant figures of the Italian Renaissance, Pietro Bembo.1 Theobject of the present paper is to offer some reflections based on thisrange of experience and to attempt a provisional assessment ofdevelopments that affect research in all three of the fields mentioned.

Let me begin with a discussion of some factors that condition theoperations of editors. The most obvious is the existence or absence ofan authors autograph or master copy. For ancient Greek and Latintexts there is no proven example of an authors autograph with theexception of some mediocre verse compositions penned ca 550570 bythe Egyptian lawyer Dioscoros of Aphrodito (P. Lit. Lond. 98 + P.Reinach II 82; cf. P. Cair. Masp. 67055).2 There is however aninteresting debate about the status of a number of Herculaneumpapyri containing works by the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus.These copies come from the Villa of the Papyri where Philodemus

This lecture was given 12 May 2009 at Stockholm University.

1 Pietro Bembo, Oratio pro litteris graecis, ed. by Nigel Wilson, Quaderni difilologia medievale e umanistica, 5 (Messina: Centro interdipartimentale di studiumanistici, 2003).

2 Since giving this paper I have discovered that there are two other papyri withpoetic compositions that appear to be authors autographs; they are P.S.I. I.17and XV. 1482, both anonymous.

12 Nigel Wilson

himself is believed by some to have lived.3 Experts now incline to theview that some of them are not autographs but may well have beenprepared by a secretary, which of course does not diminish their valueto any significant degree.4

For the editor of medieval and later texts the picture is oftendifferent. A study of Latin texts from the early Middle Ages up to ca1000 A.D. has created a list of some twenty manuscripts that may wellbe authors autographs, and even if this number were eventually to bereduced as a result of subsequent investigations the figure is stillsignificant.5 To give a few examples from later in the Middle Ages, Ihave had the good fortune to identify the autograph marginalia of theimportant twelfth-century translator Burgundio of Pisa, which hewrote as he prepared his versions of Galen and Aristotle;6 but I havenot been able to locate the autograph copy of any of the versions. Iwould not exclude the possibility that a person of his high standing,who visited the Byzantine capital as interpreter and diplomat on morethan one occasion, was in a position simply to dictate to a secretary. Itmay therefore not be easy to identify the master copy, if indeed it stillexists, which is by no means certain. The hand of Thomas Aquinas hasbeen recognised, though the surviving samples represent only a tinyfraction of his vast output, and the manuscript of Thomas KempissImitatio Christi is known to be an autograph. The controversial featurein this case is not whether the volume is an autograph of Thomas butwhether he is the author of the texts in it. The nature and quantity ofthe adjustments to the text make it certain to my mind that he is the

3 Recent archaeological work has suggested that the construction of the Villatook place in the third quarter of the first century B.C., in which casePhilodemus cannot have lived there; see M. P. Guidobaldi and D. Esposito, Lenuove ricerche archeologiche nella Villa dei Papiri di Ercolano, CronacheErcolanesi, 39 (2009), 331370.

4 T. Dorandi, Le stylet et la tablette: dans le secret des auteurs antiques (Paris:Belles lettres, 2000), pp. 8384, discusses P. Herc. 1021, a set of notes made aspreparatory material for Philodemus history of the Academy, which is preservedin severely mutilated form in P. Herc. 164.

5 M. Hoffmann, Autographa des frheren Mittelalters, Deutsches Archiv frdie Erforschung des Mittelalters, 57 (2001), 162; see especially pp. 5961.

6 Illustrated in my paper A Mysterious Byzantine Scriptorium. Ioannikiosand his Colleagues, Scrittura e Civilt, 7(1983), 161176, plates VIII and IX.

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author, since one can hardly imagine a succession of readers andinterpolators producing the messy text that we now find.7 SeveralByzantine scholars and writers have left identifiable autographs.Though we do not possess them for Pselloss Chronographia or AnnaComnenas Alexiad, to name two outstanding Byzantine texts, themanuscript of Critobouloss history of the fall of Constantinople is apresentation copy transcribed for Sultan Mehmet II by the historianhimself (Istanbul, Topkap Saray G.I.3).

Translations of ancient and modern literature into modernlanguages usually read very smoothly and create the impression thattextual problems, if there were any, have all now been solved. Thishowever is by no means always the case: a fresh unprejudiced readingoften reveals the existence of passages which are problematic or atleast invite some discussion. A striking instance is the experience ofJ. Enoch Powell, whose translation of Herodotus appeared in 1948. Hehad worked on it for several years before the outbreak of the SecondWorld War and published various preliminary papers. At the be-ginning of the first of these he states that the need to provide a correctversion of a text composed by an intelligent author had led him to theconclusion that the Oxford Classical Text by Hude needed to beadjusted in many places,8 and the appendix to the translation listingproblem passages fills thirty-five pages; among the hundreds ofsuggestions a high proportion are by Powell himself. Though many ofthem have failed to convince scholars working on these problemsmore recently, it would be wrong to dismiss them as frivolous.

When we reach the era of the printed book we are on somewhatfirmer ground; in the absence of an autograph there may be a printedversion known to have had the authors approval, or else a copy withthe authors corrections of the printers errors, as I found in my

7 L. J. M. Delaiss, Le manuscrit autographe de Thomas Kempis etLimitation de Jsus-Christ (Brussels: ditions rasme, 1956); see especially pp.2729. The alternative would be to suppose that he is responsible for a verysubstantially revised text. The controversy continues, and the disputed dates ofmore than one Latin manuscript are a key factor. For a survey see R. R. Post, TheModern Devotion. Confrontation with Reformation and Humanism (Leiden:Brill, 1968), pp. 521ff., especially pp. 524532.

8 J. Enoch Powell, Notes on Herodotus, Classical Quarterly, 29 (1935), 7282(p. 72).

14 Nigel Wilson

colleges copy of the travel book by our alumnus Sir George Wheler,A journey into Greece (1682). On the other hand I am aware of thedifficulties for Shakespearean scholars created by the early printededitions, and I understand that Dickenss novels are hard to edit fromthe messy copy he submitted to the editors of periodicals or the proofshe received from them. Even without such complications there may beunexpected uncertainties. Incunables and other early printed books donot always provide a uniform text in every copy.9

There is another important fact about ancient and medieval textswhich is not always fully appreciated. Since publishing was not theorganised business it became at the end of the fifteenth century,circulation of texts depended in part on what booksellers happened tohave in stock and in part on access to the author or his descendants,who might be expected to keep a master copy. In that copy secondthoughts and other revisions or adjustments could be entered, result-ing in what amounted to a revised edition. There is evidence that thishappened to quite a number of ancient texts, since there are somemedieval manuscripts which show unambiguous signs of derivationfrom an original that had been modified. It is not always clear whichversion was regarded by the author as definitive, and an editor has toprint both.10 The best known example in Greek literature is the endingof Aristophanes Frogs.

What are the future tasks of the editor of texts composed before theage of printing? One can say with confidence that they will be madeeasier by advances in knowledge in various fields. Palaeographical skillfacilitates progress in two respects. Firstly, though it may seem sur-prising, there are passages where one can correct erroneous reports of

9 See Staffan Fogelmark, The 1515 Kallierges Pindar: A First Report, inSyncharmata: studies in honour of Jan Fredrik Kindstrand, ed. by Sten Eklund,Studia Graeca Upsaliensia, 21 (Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006),pp. 3748, on the Kallierges edition of Pindar (Rome, 1515).

10 On this topic important material was collected by H. Emonds, ZweiteAuflage im Altertum: kulturgeschichtliche Studien zur berlieferung der antikenLiteratur, Klassisch-philologische Studien, 14 (Leipzig: Harrasowitz, 1941). It isworth noting that the index contains no reference to Herodotus, which issurprising because H. Stein in his still important edition had listed a number ofpassages which he felt could only be explained on this hypothesis.

15TASKS FOR EDITORS

variant readings, as I found even in such a famous and relativelylegible manuscript as the Ravennas of Aristophanes (Ravenna,Biblioteca Classense 429); and there is more work of this kind to bedone, e.g. with the difficult manuscript of Galen in Florence, Laur.74.3, which has many ambiguous compendia, and the same applies tomany of those written by the twelfth-century scribe Ioannikios.Secondly, there are manuscripts that can be re-dated in such a way asto enhance or diminish their value to the editor; I have done this withthe manuscripts written by Ioannikios, some of which belonged toBurgundio of Pisa; they used to be dated ca 1320, whereas Burgundiodied in 1193.11 In another field a striking contribution of a differentkind was made by the late Alan Tyson: his study of watermarksenabled him to make valuable discoveries about Mozart and Beet-hoven, and watermarks can be of use to students of Greek manu-scripts.12

Imaging has made huge strides in tackling texts that previouslywere barely legible. The Herculaneum papyri, most of which are badlycharred, can now be read, and many palimpsests are yielding some oftheir secrets; Archimedes is the case I am most familiar with, and oneresult is that we can now put forward the hypothesis that Archimedes,apart from his well known achievements, also interested himself in thebranch of mathematics known as combinatorics.13 This codex, thoughmostly composed of leaves from the Archimedes manuscript, hasproved to contain several other notable texts. They are much harder toread but thanks to the latest developments in imaging they can to a

11 See my paper cited in n. 6 above.12 For example in MSS Corpus Christi College, Oxford 76 and 77, a copy of

the Suda lexicon, the various watermarks suggest that one part of the text waswritten quite some time before the remainder. A watermark in MS Paris grec1780 of Laonikos Chalkondyles History suggests that this copy was writtenbefore 1470, whereas it has usually been held that the text was composed in the1480s; see E. Gamillscheg, Filigran-Konstruktionen. Zur Bedeutung derWasserzeichen fr das Studium griechischer Kopisten, Codices manuscripti(Supplement 2) (2010), 2426.

13 R. Netz, F. Acerbi, and N. Wilson, Towards a Reconstruction ofArchimedes Stomachion, Sciamus, 5 (2004), 6799.

16 Nigel Wilson

large extent be deciphered.14 And at a congress held in Rome in 2004 aCD ROM was produced showing a number of examples of texts madeat least partially legible where previously scholars had struggled toextract any sense from the original script.15

Those of us who have a firm belief in the validity of Lachmannsmethod are perfectly willing to admit that there are many situationswhere it cannot be applied. In such cases of extremely complextraditions it is natural to ask whether modern technology can help us.Storage of massive quantities of data becomes childs play, but our realneed is to determine what light the data throw on the relationshipsbetween the witnesses and then how much help that is for the editorwho has to make up his or her mind when confronted by variants.Three recent papers published in a leading journal merit examinationin this context. The first dealt with a relatively simple case.16 It is ashort text, the Ars rhetorica transmitted with the works of Dionysius ofHalicarnassus, occupying eleven printed pages and transmitted intwenty-three manuscripts. Using phylogenetic methods a stemma isproduced. The authors admit that their method requires them toassess the relative significance of variants, in other words to apply aprocess of weighting, and they also admit (p. 236) that their family treedoes not provide rponses dfinitives. It seems to me that the authorsfailed to take an opportunity to strengthen their advocacy of the newmethods. What they should have done was to conduct a kind ofcontrol experiment by engaging a scholar to work independently onthe same problem using traditional methods only. The results couldthen have been compared and difficulties or discrepancies investi-gated. One hopes that an identical result would have been achieved,

14 As a result my provisional description of this MS in The ArchimedesPalimpsest: A Progress Report, Journal of the Walters Art Museum, 62 (2004),6168, is already seriously out of date.

15 This is the conference Rinascimento virtuale: lEuropa riscopre i suoi antichilibri nascosti. Second international forum and closing meeting, 2930 October,2004.

16 F. Woerther and H. Khonsari, Lapplication des programmes dereconstruction phylogntique sur ordinateur ltude de la traditionmanuscrite dun texte: lexemple du chapitre XI de lArs Rhetorica du Pseudo-Denys dHalicarnasse, Revue dhistoire des textes, 31 (2001; actually 2003),227240.

17TASKS FOR EDITORS

and I am quite ready to believe that it would; but it would also beuseful to know if there was any element of horizontal transmission orcontamination that causes such great difficulty for users of the tra-ditional method, and if so what interpretation of the data becomespossible through application of the new method. I presume that it isnot too late to conduct this control experiment.

The second and third papers dealt with texts that are transmitted ina daunting number of manuscripts, one being by the Greek patristicauthor Gregory of Nazianzus, who enjoyed enormous popularitythroughout the Byzantine period, in other words for a millennium, theother a fifteenth-century English poem. In both cases it is easy to seethat conventional methods would require inordinate expenditure oftime, not to mention the difficulty of organising and storing the dataobtained by collation. But traditional philological procedures are stillin evidence here: the paper on the Greek text17 refers to une certainedose de subjectivit (p. 246), which brings with it the need fordautres paramtres, and there is talk of variantes selectionnes selon des critres philologiques (p. 248 and cf. 254). A second paperon the Greek author in question dealing with one of his other works18confirmed my feeling: I noted a further statement about the weightingof variants, to the effect that it involved a priori evaluation (p. 313).The investigation of the English poem19 includes the statement thatmore work needs to be done on the effects of weighting (p. 292). Thereis also a question raised by the difference between the charts ofrelationships based on all the witnesses and those based on a selection.What I suggest we need now is an attempt to assess the extent of the

17 C. Mac et al., Le classement des manuscrits par la statistique et laphylogntique: les cas de Grgoire de Nazianze et de Basile le Minime, Revuedhistoire des textes, 31 (2001; actually 2003), 241274.

18 C. Mac et al., Philologie et phylogntique: regards croiss en vue dunedition critique dune homlie de Grgoire de Nazianze, in Digital Technologyand Philological Disciplines, ed. by A. Bozzi, L. Cignoni and J.-L. LebraveLinguistica Computazionale, 2021, (Pisa-Rome: Istituti Editoriali e PoligraficiInternazionali, 2004), pp. 305-341.

19 L. R. Mooney et al., Stemmatic analysis of Lydgates Kings of England: atest for the application of software developed for evolutionary biology tomanuscript stemmatics, Revue dhistoire des textes, 31 (2001; actually 2003),275298.

18 Nigel Wilson

advances achieved by the new methods. One can of course see that in atradition with numerous witnesses unsuspected links are likely to berevealed, and these at the very least may help to throw light on culturaland intellectual history. They could also provide interesting hintsabout horizontal transmission that inevitably takes place in complextraditions. Ideally I should like to see the edition of the Greek text thatis in preparation, and certainly no judgement should be passed untilthat is available.

This type of approach to the problem of generating a stemma hasbeen attempted again recently by two researchers in Zurich.20 Theychose a Latin text, the Dialogus of Petrus Alphonsi, written ca 1110and preserved in at least sixty-two manuscripts. They selected threeshort passages, amounting to about 520 words or 2950 letters.Whether this is an adequate sample from a text that sometimes fillsten folios in a manuscript may be doubted, as apparently they came torealise, since later in their paper they refer to the sample as somewhatshort (p. 322). But what is notable in their paper is that they are awareof the need for philological input; for example they refer to theassessment of Leitfehler as a philological task that we cannot hope toautomate (p. 318). In a similar vein they speak of a happy marriage ofour human philological judgement with the computing power of ouralgorithm (p. 322). They conclude with remarks on unresolved issues.One is that methods based on Leitfehler together with a good deal ofintuition are used in ways that do not lend themselves to algorithmicdescription, and another is contamination that results when a scribeuses more than one exemplar (p. 330).

For many texts the stemmatic method will continue to be valuable,even if the advent of the computer turns out to be remarkablybeneficial. I note in passing that stemmatic inquiry has been exploitedto advantage in an exotic context. An early classic of Japanese litera-ture, the Tosa Nikki by Ki no Tsurayuki, a diary of a journey made in934 935, has an interesting transmission, studied by a Japanesescholar called Ikeda, who was well versed in the methods of westernclassical scholarship. He used them to good effect and after his death a

20 Philipp Roelli and Dieter Bachmann, Towards Generating a Stemma ofComplicated Manuscript Traditions: Petrus Alfonsis Dialogus, Revue dhistoiredes textes, n.s. 5 (2010), 307331.

19TASKS FOR EDITORS

new manuscript came to light which confirmed his hypotheses. Thisfascinating case has been discussed by Professor Peter Kornicki ofCambridge University.21

How much new material will there be for us to deal with? Fromtime to time there are discoveries of hitherto unknown medievalmanuscripts. The most notable find of this type in recent decades wasmade at St Catherines monastery on Sinai in 1975, when a partitionwall was knocked down, to reveal a large number of fragments ofdiscarded books, many of them of very early date and of greatpalaeographical interest. They include a paraphrase of the Iliad in ascript not seen before.22 Another find of some note was made at theLavra monastery on Mount Athos, where some twenty manuscriptswere discovered in the treasury. A year or two ago a dig in a peat bogin Ireland unearthed a ninth-century copy of the Psalter which,though it probably does not strictly speaking concern the editor, maythrow light on the history of the church in Ireland.

At this point I should like to mention recent discoveries ofimportance for editors of Greek texts. Galen is the author whocurrently benefits most. The most remarkable find is a hitherto lostessay Peri alupias which contains some interesting autobiographicalinformation; it turned up in a fifteenth-century manuscript in the littleknown collection of the Vlatadon monastery in Salonica (MS 14);though there was a description of the manuscript in a printedcatalogue, this item had been omitted.23 We also now possess fullversions of De propriis placitis and De libris propriis, the first from the

21 Peter Kornicki, Ikeda Kikan and the textual tradition of the Tosa nikki:European influences on Japanese textual scholarship, Revue dhistoire des textes,n.s. 8 (2008), 263 282.

22 The new finds of Sinai (Athens: Ministry of Culture Mount SinaiFoundation, 1999); see the illustration on p. 127 and plate 61; a brief descriptionof this fragment (MG 26) is given on p. 146.

23 First published by V. Boudon-Millot in La science mdicale antique:nouveaux regards: tudes runies en lhonneur de Jacques Jouanna, ed. by V.Boudon-Millot, A. Guardasole and C. Magdelaine (Paris: Beauchesne, 2008), pp.72123.

20 Nigel Wilson

same manuscript in Salonica, the second from an Arabic version.24Some years ago the text of one of the minor treatises was materiallyimproved by study of the Arabic version, which proved that in thearchetype of the Greek tradition a leaf had become loose and insertedagain the wrong way round, resulting in a very puzzling andinconsequential train of thought.25 Oriental versions will surely con-tinue to provide welcome additions to our knowledge. It is not manyyears since Books 58 of Diophantus were recovered from an Arabicmanuscript, and the latest surprise of this kind is that ProclussElements of Theology was translated into Georgian in the eleventhcentury from a Greek manuscript that was clearly better in somerespects than those which survive.26

The enhanced legibility of palimpsests also occasionally creates anaddition to our stock of material.27 For example, from the well knowncodex of Archimedes we have recovered various other texts, the mostimportant being quite substantial fragments of two orations by theAttic orator Hyperides.28 In addition to that we have found sevenfolios of a commentary on Aristotles Categories, which is perhaps tobe attributed to Alexander of Aphrodisias since it includes referencesto his predecessors Boethos and Herminos, but could possibly be byPorphyry. More substantial accretions are provided by the papyri,which continue to be published in fairly large numbers. P. Oxy. 4968 isfrom a codex of the Acts of the Apostles which offers numerous

24 See V. Boudon-Millot, Galien ressuscit: dition princeps du texte grec duDe propriis placitis, Revue des tudes Grecques, 118 (2005), 168213; Deuxmanuscrits mdicaux arabes de Meshed (Rida tibb 5223 et 80): nouvellesdcouvertes sur le texte de Galien, Comptes-rendus de lAcademie des Inscription(2001), 11971222.

25 See David J. Furley and J. S. Wilkie, Galen On respiration and the arteries(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982).

26 See H.-C. Gnther, Die bersetzungen der Elementatio Theologica desProklos und ihre Bedeutung fr den Proklostext (Leiden: Brill, 2007).

27 A conspectus of recent work on palimpsests can be found in S. Luc, ed.,Libri palinsesti greci: conservazione, restauro digitale, studio (Rome: ComitatoNazionale per le Celebrazioni del Millenario della Fondazione dellAbbazia di S.Nilo a Grottaferrata, 2008).

28 Announced by N. Tchernetska, New Fragments of Hyperides from theArchimedes Palimpsest, Zeitschrift fr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 154 (2005),16.

21TASKS FOR EDITORS

striking variants and requires us to rethink the generally accepted viewthat the tradition of this text is represented by two distinct branches.In a forthcoming volume of the same series there will be no less thanforty-five new papyri of Herodotus, which will more than double theknown number. Many papyri are of course frustrating because theyare no more than fragments, often very tiny scraps little bigger than apostage stamp. Yet even a scrap can turn out to be significant, a goodcase being P. Oxy. 2180 of Sophocles Oedipus Tyrannus, which pro-vided several interesting readings within the space of a few lines. Thereis, however, much more to come, principally from cartonnage. Thepapier-mach casing of Egyptian mummies was made by undertakersfrom discarded books, and part of one such casing (P. Mil. Vogl. VIII309) recently gave us a large collection of epigrams by the Hellenisticpoet Posidippus, only a few of which were previously known.29 Withthe progress of technology it may become possible to read the hiddentexts without dismantling the casing at the moment the layers ofpapyrus have to be stripped off one by one and if that prediction isverified we can be confident of finding large parts of many texts, bothknown and unknown.

Two more speculative predictions relate to the charred rolls fromHerculaneum. There is good reason to think that further excavationwould uncover more papyri. The great majority of those found so farcontain texts of Epicurean philosophy and are in Greek, but there are afew exceptions, and it would have been natural for a villa so luxuri-ously appointed to have a well stocked library of both Greek and Latinclassics. We live in hope. Even if this hope is disappointed, there isnow a possibility, outlined by an American researcher, that we may beable to develop a technique for reading the text in preserved scrollswithout having to unroll them.

29 G. Bastianini and G. Gallazzi (with the assistance of C. Austin), Posidippo diPella. Epigrammi (Milan: LED, 2001); the text is now conveniently available in C.Austin and G. Bastianini, eds, Posidippi Pellaei quae supersunt omnia (Milan:LED, 2002).

22 Nigel Wilson

Bibliography

Austin, C. and G. Bastianini, eds, Posidippi Pellaei quae supersuntomnia (Milan: LED, 2002)Bastianini, G., and G. Gallazzi with the assistance of C. Austin, eds,Posidippo di Pella. Epigrammi (Milan: LED, 2001)Bembo, Pietro, Oratio pro litteris graecis, ed. by Nigel Wilson,Quaderni di filologia medievale e umanistica, 5 (Messina: Centrointerdipartimentale di studi umanistici, 2003)

Boudon-Millot, V., Deux manuscrits mdicaux arabes de Meshed(Rida tibb 5223 et 80): nouvelles dcouvertes sur le texte de Galien,Comptes-rendus de lAcademie des Inscription (2001), 11971222

Boudon-Millot, V., Galien ressuscit: dition princeps du texte grec duDe propriis placitis, Revue des tudes Grecques, 118 (2005), 168213Boudon-Millot, V., A. Guardasole and C. Magdelaine, eds, La sciencemdicale antique: nouveaux regards: tudes runies en lhonneur deJacques Jouanna, ed. by (Paris: Beauchesne, 2008)

Dorandi, T., Le stylet et la tablette: dans le secret des auteurs antiques(Paris: Belles lettres, 2000)

Emonds, H., Zweite Auflage im Altertum: kulturgeschichtliche Studienzur berlieferung der antiken Literatur, Klassisch-philologischeStudien, 14 (Leipzig: Harrasowitz, 1941)

Fogelmark, S., The 1515 Kallierges Pindar: A First Report, inSyncharmata: studies in honour of Jan Fredrik Kindstrand, ed. by StenEklund, Studia Graeca Upsaliensia, 21 (Uppsala: Acta UniversitatisUpsaliensis, 2006), pp. 3748

Furley, David J. and J. S. Wilkie, Galen On respiration and thearteries (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982)Gamillscheg, E., Filigran-Konstruktionen. Zur Bedeutung derWasserzeichen fr das Studium griechischer Kopisten, Codicesmanuscripti, Supplement 2 (2010), 2426

Guidobaldi, M. P., and D. Esposito, Le nuove ricerche archeologichenella Villa dei Papiri di Ercolano, Cronache Ercolanesi, 39 (2009),331370

23TASKS FOR EDITORS

Gnther, H.-C., Die bersetzungen der Elementatio Theologica desProklos und ihre Bedeutung fr den Proklostext (Leiden: Brill, 2007)Hoffmann, M., Autographa des frheren Mittelalters, DeutschesArchiv fr die Erforschung des Mittelalters, 57 (2001), 162

Kornicki, P., Ikeda Kikan and the textual tradition of the Tosa nikki:European influences on Japanese textual scholarship, Revue dhistoiredes textes, n.s. 8 (2008), 263282Luc, S., ed., Libri palinsesti greci: conservazione, restauro digitale,studio (Rome: Comitato Nazionale per le Celebrazioni del Millenariodella Fondazione dellAbbazia di S. Nilo a Grottaferrata, 2008)

Mac, C. et al., Le classement des manuscrits par la statistique et laphylogntique: les cas de Grgoire de Nazianze et de Basile leMinime, Revue dhistoire des textes, 31 (2001; actually 2003), 241274

Mac, C. et al., Philologie et phylogntique: regards croiss en vuedune dition critique dune homlie de Grgoire de Nazianze, inDigital Technology and Philological Disciplines, ed. by A. Bozzi, L.Cignoni andJ.-L. Lebrave Linguistica Computazionale, 2021, (Pisa-Rome: Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali, 2004), pp.305 341

Mooney, L. R. et al., Stemmatic analysis of Lydgates Kings ofEngland: a test for the application of software developed forevolutionary biology to manuscript stemmatics, Revue dhistoire destextes, 31 (2001; actually 2003), 275298Netz, R., F. Acerbi, and N. Wilson, Towards a Reconstruction ofArchimedes Stomachion, Sciamus, 5 (2004), 6799

Post, R. R., The Modern Devotion. Confrontation with Reformationand Humanism (Leiden: Brill, 1968)Powell, J. Enoch, Notes on Herodotus, Classical Quarterly, 29 (1935),72 82

Roelli, P. and D. Bachmann, Towards Generating a Stemma ofComplicated Manuscript Traditions: Petrus Alfonsis Dialogus, Revuedhistoire des textes, n.s. 5 (2010), 307331Tchernetska, N., New Fragments of Hyperides from the ArchimedesPalimpsest, Zeitschrift fr Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 154 (2005), 16

24 Nigel Wilson

The new finds of Sinai (Athens: Ministry of Culture Mount SinaiFoundation, 1999)

Wilson, N., A Mysterious Byzantine Scriptorium. Ioannikios and hisColleagues, Scrittura e Civilt, 7(1983), 161176

Wilson, N., The Archimedes Palimpsest: A Progress Report, Journalof the Walters Art Museum, 62 (2004), 6168Woerther, F. and H. Khonsari, Lapplication des programmes dereconstruction phylogntique sur ordinateur ltude de la traditionmanuscrite dun texte: lexemple du chapitre XI de lArs Rhetorica duPseudo-Denys dHalicarnasse, Revue dhistoire des textes, 31 (2001;actually 2003), 227240

CORPU S TROPORUM

Studia Latina Stockholmiensia (SLS)/Corpus Troporum (CT)

CORPUS TROPORUM I, Tropes du propre de la messe. 1. Cycle de Nol, d. Ritva Jonsson.SLS 21. Stockholm 1975.

CORPUS TROPORUM II, Prosules de la messe. 1. Tropes de lalleluia, d. Olof Marcusson.SLS 22. Stockholm 1976.

CORPUS TROPORUM III, Tropes du propres de la messe. 2. Cycle de Pques, d. GunillaBjrkvall, Gunilla Iversen, Ritva Jonsson. SLS 25. Stockholm 1982.

CORPUS TROPORUM IV, Tropes de lAgnus Dei. Edition critique suivie dune tudeanalytique par Gunilla Iversen. SLS 26. Stockholm 1980.

CORPUS TROPORUM V, Les deux tropaires dApt, mss. 17 et 18. Inventaire analytique desmss et dition des textes uniques par Gunilla Bjrkvall. SLS 32. Stockholm 1986.

CORPUS TROPORUM VI, Prosules de la messe. 2. Les prosules limousines de Wolfenbttel,Herzog August Bibliothek Cod. Guelf. 79 Gud. lat., par Eva Odelman. SLS 31.Stockholm 1986.

CORPUS TROPORUM VII, Tropes de lordinaire de la messe. Tropes du Sanctus.Introduction et dition critique par Gunilla Iversen. SLS 34. Stockholm 1990.

CORPUS TROPORUM IX, Tropes for the Proper of the Mass. 4. The Feasts of the BlessedVirgin Mary. Edited with an Introduction and Commentary by Ann-Katrin AndrewsJohansson. CT. Stockholm 1998.

CORPUS TROPORUM XI, Prosules de la messe. 3. Prosules de loffertoire. dition des textespar Gunilla Bjrkvall. CT. Stockholm 2009. Pp. X + 254.

CORPUS TROPORUM X, Tropes du propre de la messe. 5. Ftes des Saints et de la Croix etde la Transfiguration. A Introduction et commentaires (Pp. 647 + carte + 13 photos).B dition des textes (Pp. 560). Par Ritva Maria Jacobsson. CT. Stockholm 2011.

Pax et Sapientia. Studies in Text and Music of Liturgical Tropes and Sequences, inMemory of Gordon Anderson, ed. Ritva Jacobsson. SLS 29. Stockholm 1986.

Recherches nouvelles sur les tropes liturgiques. Recueil dtudes runies par Wulf Arlt etGunilla Bjrkvall. SLS 36. Stockholm 1993.

STU DIA LATINA STO CKHOLMIENSIAPublished by Stockholm University

Nos. 122Editor: Dag Norberg

1. Nils-Ola Nilsson. Metrische Stildifferenzen in den Satiren des Horaz. Stockholm 1952.Pp. VIII+220.

2. Dag Norberg. La posie latine rythmique du haut moyen ge. Stockholm 1953. Pp. 120.Out of print.

3. Ulla Westerbergh. Chronicon Salernitanum. A Critical Edition with Studies on Literaryand Historical Sources and on Language. Stockholm 1956. Pp. XXXII+362. Out of print.

4. Ulla Westerbergh. Beneventan Ninth Century Poetry. Stockholm 1957. Pp. 91. Out ofprint.

5. Dag Norberg. Introduction ltude de la versification latine mdivale. Stockholm 1958.Pp. 218. Out of print.

6. Dag Norberg. Epistulae S. Desiderii Cadurcensis. Stockholm 1961. Pp. 91.7. Lars Elfving. tude lexicographique sur les squences limousines. Stockholm 1962. Pp.

283.8. Birgitta Thorsberg. tudes sur lhymnologie mozarabe. Stockholm 1962. Pp. 184. Out of

print.9. Ulla Westerbergh. Anastasius Bibliothecarius. Sermo Theodori Studitae de sancto

Bartholomeo apostolo. Stockholm 1963. Pp. XIV+214.10. Gudrun Lindholm. Studien zum mittellateinischen Prosarhythmus. Seine Entwicklung

und sein Abklingen in der Briefliteratur Italiens. Stockholm 1963. Pp. 204. Out of print.11. Katarina Halvarson. Bernardi Cluniacensis Carmina De trinitate et de fide catholica, De

castitate servanda, In libros regum, De octo vitiis. Stockholm 1963. Pp. 161.12. Margareta Lokrantz. Lopera poetica di S. Pier Damiani. Descrizione dei manoscritti,

edizione del testo, esame prosodico-metrico, discussione delle questioni dautenticit.Stockholm 1964. Pp. 258. Out of print.

13. Tore Janson. Latin Prose Prefaces. Studies in Literary Conventions. Stockholm 1964. Pp.180. Out of print.

14. Jan berg. Serlon de Wilton. Pomes latins. Texte critique avec une introduction et destables. Stockholm 1965. Pp. 240. Out of print.

15. Ritva Jonsson. Historia. tudes sur la gense des offices versifis. Stockholm 1968. Pp.259.

16. Jan berg. Notice et extraits du Manuscrit Q 19 (XVIe S.) de Strngns. Stockholm 1968.Pp. 91.

17. Gustaf Holmr. Le sermon sur Esa. Discours allgorique sur la chasse de Pierre deMarini. dition critique. Stockholm 1968. Pp. 133.

18. Herbert Adolfsson. Liber epistularum Guidonis de Basochis. Stockholm 1969. Pp.VIII+317.

19. Hedda Roll. Hans Brask. Latinsk korrespondens 1523. Stockholm 1973. Pp. 187.20. Tore Janson. Prose Rhythm in Medieval Latin from the 9th to the 13th Century.

Stockholm 1975. Pp. 133.21. Ritva Jonsson. Corpus Troporum I. Tropes du propre de la messe. 1 Cycle de Nol.

Stockholm 1975. Pp. 361; 31 pl.22. Olof Marcusson. Corpus Troporum II. Prosules de la messe. 1 Tropes de lalleluia.

Stockholm 1976. Pp. 161; 4 pl.

STU DIA LATINA STO CKHOLMIENSIAPublished by Stockholm University

Nos. 2346Editor: Jan berg

23. Tore Janson. Mechanisms of Language Change in Latin. Stockholm 1979. Pp. 133.24. Hans Aili. The Prose Rhythm of Sallust and Livy. Stockholm 1979. Pp. 151.25. Gunilla Bjrkvall, Gunilla Iversen, Ritva Jonsson. Corpus Troporum III. Tropes du propre

de la messe. 2 Cycle de Pques. Stockholm 1982. Pp. 377; 32 pl.26. Gunilla Iversen. Corpus Troporum IV. Tropes de lAgnus Dei. Stockholm 1980. Pp. 349; 32

pl.27. Alf Uddholm. Johannes Ulvichius. De liberalitate urbis Gevaliae oratio et carmen.

Kritische Ausgabe mit Kommentar. Stockholm 1980. Pp. 93.28. Monika Asztalos. Petrus de Dacia. De gratia naturam ditante sive De virtutibus

Christinae Stumbelensis. dition critique avec une introduction. Stockholm 1982. Pp.215.

29. Ritva Jacobsson, ed. Pax et Sapientia. Studies in Text and Music of Liturgical Tropes andSequences, in Memory of Gordon Anderson. Stockholm 1986. Pp. 114.

30. Monika Asztalos, ed. The Editing of Theological and Philosophical Texts from the MiddleAges. Stockholm 1986. Pp. 314.

31. Eva Odelman. Corpus Troporum VI. Prosules de la messe. 2 Les prosules limousines deWolfenbttel. Stockholm 1986. Pp. 181.

32. Gunilla Bjrkvall. Corpus Troporum V. Les deux tropaires dApt. Stockholm 1986. Pp.442.

33. Claes Gejrot. Diarium Vadstenense. The Memorial Book of Vadstena Abbey. A CriticalEdition with an Introduction. Stockholm 1988. Pp. 395.

34. Gunilla Iversen. Corpus Troporum VII. Tropes de lordinaire de la messe. Tropes duSanctus. Introduction et dition critique. Stockholm 1990. Pp. 432; 32 pl.

35. Ella Heuman, Jan berg. Ericus Olai. Chronica regni Gothorum. Textkritische Ausgabe.Stockholm 1993. Pp. 222.

36. Wulf Arlt, Gunilla Bjrkvall, ed. Recherches nouvelles sur les tropes liturgiques. Recueildtudes. Stockholm 1993. Pp. 480.

37. Claes Gejrot. Diplomata Novevallensia. The Nydala Charters 11721280. A CriticalEdition with an Introduction, a Commentary and Indices. Stockholm 1994. Pp. 237.

38. Annika Strm. Lachrymae Catharinae. Five Collections of Funeral Poetry from 1628.Edited with Studies on the Theoretical Background and the Social Context of the Genre.Stockholm 1994. Pp. 307.

39. Jan berg. Ericus Olai. Chronica regni Gothorum. II. Prolegomena und Indizes.Stockholm 1995. Pp. 85.

40. Jan berg. Formularia Lincopensia. Zwei sptmittelalterliche Briefsteller aus dem BistumLinkping (Cod. Upsal. C 204). Textkritische Gesamtausgabe mit Einleitung undRegister. Stockholm 1997. Pp. 96.

41. Peter Sthl. Johannes Hildebrandi. Liber epistularis (Cod. Upsal. C 6). I. Lettres nos1109. dition critique avec des analyses et une introduction. Stockholm 1998. Pp. 216.

42. Jan berg. Petronius. Cena Trimalchionis. A New Critical Edition. Stockholm 1999. Pp.XX+58.

43. Christina Sandquist berg. Versus Maximiani. Der Elegienzyklus textkritischherausgegeben, bersetzt und neu interpretiert. Stockholm 1999. Pp. 205.

44. Claes Gejrot, Annika Strm. Poems for the Occasion. Three Essays on Neo-Latin Poetryfrom Seventeenth-Century Sweden. Stockholm 1999. Pp. 199.

45. Robert Andrews. Augustinus de Ferraria. Quaestiones super librum PraedicamentorumAristotelis. Stockholm 2000. Pp. XXXIX+309.

46. Maria Plaza. Laughter and Derision in Petronius Satyrica. A Literary Study. Stockholm2000. Pp. XII+227.

STU DIA LATINA STO CKHOLMIENSIAPublished by Stockholm University

Nos. 4748Editor: Monika Asztalos

47. Martin Jacobsson. Aurelius Augustinus. De musica liber VI. A Critical Edition with aTranslation and an Introduction. Stockholm 2002. Pp. CXVIII+144.

48. Gsta Hedegrd. Liber iuratus Honorii. A Critical Edition of the Latin Version of theSworn Book of Honorius. Stockholm 2002. Pp. 336.

STU DIA LATINA STO CKHOLMIENSIAPublished by Stockholm University

Nos. 4953Editors: Hans Aili and Gunilla Iversen

49. Magnus Karlsson. Erik XIV. Oratio de iniusto bello regis Dani anno 1563 contra regemSueci Ericum 14 gesto. Edited with introduction, translation and commentary.Stockholm 2003. Pp. 267.

50. Sara Risberg. Liber usuum fratrum monasterii Vadstenensis. The Customary of theVadstena Brothers. A Critical Edition with an Introduction. Stockholm 2003. Pp. 253.

51. Gunilla Svborg. Epistole tardive di Francesco Petrarca. Edizione critica con introduzionee commento. Stockholm 2004. Pp. 262.

52. Alexander Andre. Gilbertus Universalis: Glossa ordinaria in Lamentationes Ieremieprophete. Prothemata et Liber I. A Critical Edition with an Introduction and aTranslation. Stockholm 2005. Pp. XIV+323; 3 pl.

53. Erika Kihlman. Expositiones Sequentiarum. Medieval Sequence Commentaries andPrologues. Editions with Introductions. Stockholm 2006. Pp. X+356; 12 pl.

STU DIA LATINA STO CKHOLMIENSIAPublished by Stockholm University

Nos. 54Editor: Hans Aili

54. Alexander Andre, Erika Kihlman, ed. Hortus troporum. Florilegium in honorem GunillaeIversen. A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Gunilla Iversen on the Occasion of herRetirement as Chair of Latin at Stockholm University. Stockholm 2008. Pp. XIX+384; 28 pl.

55. Elin Andersson. Responsiones Vadstenenses. Perspectives on the Birgittine Rule in TwoTexts from Vadstena and Syon Abbey. A Critical Edition with Translation andIntroduction. Stockholm 2011. Pp. VIII + 260.

56. Erika Kihlman, Denis Searby, ed. Ars edendi Lecture Series, vol. I. Pp. OOOO

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