NH PFAS AssessmentsHWRB approach to screening and site investigations

ACEC CQI – May 17, 2019

PFAS Investigations with HWRB

• Status of Standards Development in NH

• PFAS Guidance Document Updates NEW!• FAQs• Sampling• Labs and Analytical• Data Review • Analytes• EMD

• Other PFAS Initiatives

• Open Discussion

Complimentary PFAS Talks Scheduled:June 2019 – EBC NH

September 2019 – BIA/NHDES Waste Conference

Drinking Water / Groundwater (Select Locations - Established or Proposed Standards and Guidance Values)

LocationConcentration (ng/L) (* also includes sum of indicated analytes)

PFOA PFOS PFNA PFHxS PFHpA PFDA PFBS PFBA

USEPA70 70

40 40

Alaska* 70 70 70 70 70 2,000

Rhode Island *70 *70

Maine *70 *70 400,000

Connecticut *70 *70 *70 *70 *70

Vermont *20 *20 *20 *20 *20

Massachusetts *20 *20 *20 *20 *20 *20 2,000

Minnesota 35 15 47 2,000 7,000

California 14 13

New Jersey 14 13 13

New York 10 10

New Hampshire

*70 *70

*38 *70 23 85

? ? ? ?

Sources: State webpages and ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets (https://pfas-1.itrcweb.org/fact-sheets/)

Surface Water (Established or Proposed Standards and Guidance Values)

LocationConcentration (ng/L)

PFOA PFOS PFNA PFHxS PFHpA PFDA PFBS PFBA

Michigan (rule) 420 11

Maine 170 300 7,914

Oregon 24,000 300,000 1,000

Australia 5,600 700 700

Norway 9,100 0.65

New Hampshire ? ? ? ?

Sources: State webpages and ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets (https://pfas-1.itrcweb.org/fact-sheets/)

Soil(Established or Proposed Standards and Guidance Values)

Source: ITRC Training Materials, Boston, MA

PFAS Sampling StatusPFOA and PFOS

through March 31, 2019

PFAS Guidance Updates – HWRB

https://www4.des.state.nh.us/nh-pfas-investigation/?page_id=130

Notifications and Potable Water

• For an exceedance, report as required by rule.

HWRB also requests verbal/email notification

• Potable water for impacted drinking water wells (> AGQS) should be provided by PRP

Receptor Surveys – Updated or New• Self-initiate for timely

response• Contact PM with scope

questions

• Distance is site specific –consider:

• Type of release• Age and duration of release• Impacted media and geology• Migration pathways• Contaminant fate and

transport• Prior receptors (if any)

• Subsequent survey may be necessary

• Does not replace DES WMD Notification Program

General recommendations:

• Two weeks …

• confirm connections within 500 to

1,000 feet of sampling location

• notify applicable properties

• Four weeks … sample

PFAS Investigations

Sample Collection Guidance• New studies

• Considerations• Sample collection order

• Does (or did) the equipment contain PFAS?

• Filtering samples

• Personal care products

• Sampling Locations• Air-water interface vs.

multi-depth

• pH, TOC, cations

• Co-contaminants/NAPL

Laboratory Testing – Waste Sites*• Routine Methods

• USEPA 537 and 537.1• LC/MS/MS Isotope Dilution

• DOD QSM 5.1 or later

• “MODIFIED”

• Other Methods• TOPA• LC-QTOF-MS (Non-Target) • PIGE• EOF/AOF

• Draft / Pending (2019)• USEPA SW-846

• Method 8327 (screening, 24 PFAS, aqueous)

• Method 8328 (isotope dilution, 25 PFAS, aqueous and solid)

• AFFF and AR-AFFF • 29 PFAS

• Laboratory Accreditation• USDOD ELAP • NELAP• Other - USEPA UCMR3

Data Review and Validation

Consider:

• Linear and branched isomers

• Surrogate recoveries

• Subcontracted lab COCs

• NDs > RLs

EPA and DoD/DOE Guides

It’s not just PFOS and PFOA(and PFHxS and PFNA)

PFAS

Non-Polymer

Perfluoroalkyls

PFAAs

PFCAs PFOA

PFSAs PFOS

PFECAs HFPO-DAFASAs

PASFs

PAFs

PFAIs

PFALs

Polyfluoroalkyls

Fluorotelomers

FTOHs

FTSAs 8:2 FTSA

FTCAs

PAPs

FTIs

Perfluoroalkanesulfonamidos

Polyfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids

Polymer

Fluoropolymers

Perfluoropolyethers

Side-chain fluorinated polymers

Precursor transformations

Source: ITRC PFAS Fact Sheets (https://pfas-1.itrcweb.org/fact-sheets/)

Replacement Chemistry• No complete bans on manufacture or use

• 2002-2008: 3M Phase-Out

• 2010-2015: PFOA Stewardship Program

• Still produced elsewhere, continued uses

• Stockholm Convention

• Alternate PFAS – some new, some old, some similar

• ECF – 4 carbon (PFBS)

• Fluorotelomer – 6 carbon (6:2 FTSA)

• AFFF – “legacy” vs “modern”

• Polymerization aids – GenX / ADONA

• Mist suppression in plating – F53/F53B

http://nhdes.maps.arcgis.com/apps/View/index.html

?appid=66770bef141c43a98a445c54a17720e2&extent=-73.5743,42.5413,-69.6852,45.4489https://www.des.nh.gov/

onestop/documents/

gismap-guide.pdf

EMD Activities • Does not replace HWRB reporting requirements (OneStop)

• Extra PFAS guidance available online at:• PFAS page

• HWRB (State Sites) page

• OneStop Data Provider Page NEW!

• EMD Templates NEW!

• Upload stations prior to sampling

• Upload activity data within 45 days of sampling (similar to data transmittals)

• Data Management staff (not PM) review format only

• PM limited review of results in conjunction with normal report review (the OneStop PDF)

EMD Station Template

Proj ID Site NumberStation ID

(Monitoring

Location Identifier)

Alias ID

Lat / LongTown/State

Well Usage

Water VapUsage

HWR/ORCB

or

Superfund

2003040123 2003040123MW1GZA-1

Extraction/ Recovery

Monitoring

[Unknown]

Domestic

Industrial (Cooling)

Irrigation (Non-agricultural)

Public Water Supply

Remedial-water

Sampling-water

[Unused]

• PLEASE do not create duplicate STATION IDs!• Only complete one template

• MTBE IDs

• Use Alias IDs as needed

• Follow Site Remediation Station Creation Guidance• Site Number + Station Type + Digit + Treatment Code

• 199904001 + MW + 101 (Monitoring Well)

• 199904001 + DW + 01 (Drinking Water, No Treatment)

• 199904001 + TS + 01 + E (Treated Drinking Water)

EMD Activity TemplateProj ID Act Cmts

Analytical Method

Analyte Code

Analyte Code

ContextAnalyte Name

PFAS

Release type:Mfg-textile Mfg-paper Mfg-plastic

Plating/Metal Semi-condrWaste Mgmt

CleaningMixed Other

Unknown

ASTM D7968-14 ASTM D7979-15

USEPA 537 Rev 1.1USEPA 537 Rev 1.1 (MOD/ID)

USEPA 537.1 USEPA 537.1 (MOD/ID)

Other

1763-23-1 CAS

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

(PFOS)

• Station ID is the same in Sample and Activity Templates

• Primary and field duplicate data only• Do not upload QA/QC (surrogate recoveries, blanks)

• Provide validated data (if generated)

• Superfund may have different requirements

• Release type now stored in Activity Comments

• If upload is rejected, confirm Analyte Code and Analyte Name match• No entry for “Total PFAS” or “Total PFOA/PFOS”

• Keep all activity data on one upload template

EMD Activity Template (continued)

Column Name

Lab Qual

TextResultor

NumResult+ Qualifier

Result Units

DetLim

DetLim U

Example –Detection

0.074 ng/L 0.01 ng/LEMD Stores:0.074 ng/L

Example –Not

DetectedU ng/L 0.01 ng/L

EMD Stores: < 0.01 ng/L

Example –Not

Detected

0.01 Uor

< 0.01 ng/L 0.01 ng/L NOT PREFERRED

• For non-detects• Prefer Lab Qualifier “U”

• Do not use ND or BDL

• Units• Prefer ng/L (not μg/L, mg/L)

• Prefer μg/kg (not ng/g, ng/kg, mg/kg)

• Do not use ppt, ppb, ppm

http://nhdes.maps.arcgis.com/apps/View/index.html?

appid=66770bef141c43a98a445c54a17720e2&extent=-73.5743,42.5413,-69.6852,45.4489

Other PFAS Updates• Fire Service

• Waste Division • Landfills and Leachate

• Petroleum Sites

• Remedial Approaches

• Water Division• Septage and biosolids

• MCLs

• Drinking water sampling

• Surface water sampling

• Air Division

• Occurrence Data

ITRC PFAS Team

• > 475 members: industry, academia, DoD, regulatory, consulting, analytical labs and vendors, stakeholders

• Seven PFAS Fact Sheets:• AFFF Introduction• History and Use• Naming Conventions and Chemical Properties• Regulations and Guidance• Fate and Transport• Site Characterization, Sampling, Lab Methods• Remediation Technologies and Methods

• Early 2020 – Technical Guidance Document

Kate Emma A. Schlosser, P.E.Hazardous Waste Remediation Bureau | NH Department of Environmental Services

29 Hazen Drive, Concord, NH 03302-0095 | Phone: (603) 271-2910

KateEmma.Schlosser@des.nh.gov