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Ngeli ya Genge reinforcement of Sheng through Genge music
Benjamin Riise Language Ideologies and Music in Contact Situations
Cognitive Creolistics Aarhus University
September 18 2014
Aim of the presentation
show how Sheng is usedreinforced in Genge music How do rappers use Shengtribal lgs in their music and what does this entail
Data from two songs
Circuit and Joele - Juala
Gidi Gidi Maji Maji ndash Unbwogable
Sheng
bull Youth slang variant of Swahili and English (Mazrui 1995 Abdulaziz and Osinde 1997)
bull Emerged in the slums of 1950s Nairobi
bull Grammatical structure based on Swahili lexical items originate from English + regional Kenyan lgs
Kithora madoo za mathee
lsquoto steal my motherrsquos moneyrsquo
Kenyan sounds
Benga
SouskousLingala
Taarab
Swahili pop
Genge
Genge
Stems from poor suburbs of Nairobi genge la wezi (gang of thieves) genge la majambazi (gang of thugs) Bears relation to gangster rap Ngoma za watu (music for the masses)
The Genge rapper
Aged between 16-30 yrs
Rap on topics such as sex drugs alcohol women partying
Pertain to the Heng (disco) lifestyle
Uses Sheng + indigenous Kenyan tongues
Hardstone ndash Uhiki (1997)
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WlUFrWq84Qs
The use of Sheng in Genge
Locally produced rap musics popularity in Kenya has recently been on the rise What started as simple imitation of American rap in local clubs and competitions has blossomed into a truly Kenyan cultural form Part of this success has come from the use of Sheng Kiswahili and vernacular languages in the songs The use of local languages but especially Sheng has helped
(Samper 200439)
Circuit amp Joel ndash Juala (2008)
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=rq6OUB5a4sI
Gidigidi Majimaji - Who can bwogo me (2002)
What the hell is you looking for Can a young Luo make money any more Shake your feet baby girl enango Majimaji nyakwar ondijo Am a Luo but who are you What are you Who the hell do you think you are Do you know me Do I know you Get the hell out of ma face because hey I am unbwogable I am unbeatable I am unsueable So if you like ma song sing it for me I say
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DcIDTiqzJ0s
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
Aim of the presentation
show how Sheng is usedreinforced in Genge music How do rappers use Shengtribal lgs in their music and what does this entail
Data from two songs
Circuit and Joele - Juala
Gidi Gidi Maji Maji ndash Unbwogable
Sheng
bull Youth slang variant of Swahili and English (Mazrui 1995 Abdulaziz and Osinde 1997)
bull Emerged in the slums of 1950s Nairobi
bull Grammatical structure based on Swahili lexical items originate from English + regional Kenyan lgs
Kithora madoo za mathee
lsquoto steal my motherrsquos moneyrsquo
Kenyan sounds
Benga
SouskousLingala
Taarab
Swahili pop
Genge
Genge
Stems from poor suburbs of Nairobi genge la wezi (gang of thieves) genge la majambazi (gang of thugs) Bears relation to gangster rap Ngoma za watu (music for the masses)
The Genge rapper
Aged between 16-30 yrs
Rap on topics such as sex drugs alcohol women partying
Pertain to the Heng (disco) lifestyle
Uses Sheng + indigenous Kenyan tongues
Hardstone ndash Uhiki (1997)
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WlUFrWq84Qs
The use of Sheng in Genge
Locally produced rap musics popularity in Kenya has recently been on the rise What started as simple imitation of American rap in local clubs and competitions has blossomed into a truly Kenyan cultural form Part of this success has come from the use of Sheng Kiswahili and vernacular languages in the songs The use of local languages but especially Sheng has helped
(Samper 200439)
Circuit amp Joel ndash Juala (2008)
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=rq6OUB5a4sI
Gidigidi Majimaji - Who can bwogo me (2002)
What the hell is you looking for Can a young Luo make money any more Shake your feet baby girl enango Majimaji nyakwar ondijo Am a Luo but who are you What are you Who the hell do you think you are Do you know me Do I know you Get the hell out of ma face because hey I am unbwogable I am unbeatable I am unsueable So if you like ma song sing it for me I say
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DcIDTiqzJ0s
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
Sheng
bull Youth slang variant of Swahili and English (Mazrui 1995 Abdulaziz and Osinde 1997)
bull Emerged in the slums of 1950s Nairobi
bull Grammatical structure based on Swahili lexical items originate from English + regional Kenyan lgs
Kithora madoo za mathee
lsquoto steal my motherrsquos moneyrsquo
Kenyan sounds
Benga
SouskousLingala
Taarab
Swahili pop
Genge
Genge
Stems from poor suburbs of Nairobi genge la wezi (gang of thieves) genge la majambazi (gang of thugs) Bears relation to gangster rap Ngoma za watu (music for the masses)
The Genge rapper
Aged between 16-30 yrs
Rap on topics such as sex drugs alcohol women partying
Pertain to the Heng (disco) lifestyle
Uses Sheng + indigenous Kenyan tongues
Hardstone ndash Uhiki (1997)
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WlUFrWq84Qs
The use of Sheng in Genge
Locally produced rap musics popularity in Kenya has recently been on the rise What started as simple imitation of American rap in local clubs and competitions has blossomed into a truly Kenyan cultural form Part of this success has come from the use of Sheng Kiswahili and vernacular languages in the songs The use of local languages but especially Sheng has helped
(Samper 200439)
Circuit amp Joel ndash Juala (2008)
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=rq6OUB5a4sI
Gidigidi Majimaji - Who can bwogo me (2002)
What the hell is you looking for Can a young Luo make money any more Shake your feet baby girl enango Majimaji nyakwar ondijo Am a Luo but who are you What are you Who the hell do you think you are Do you know me Do I know you Get the hell out of ma face because hey I am unbwogable I am unbeatable I am unsueable So if you like ma song sing it for me I say
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DcIDTiqzJ0s
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
Kenyan sounds
Benga
SouskousLingala
Taarab
Swahili pop
Genge
Genge
Stems from poor suburbs of Nairobi genge la wezi (gang of thieves) genge la majambazi (gang of thugs) Bears relation to gangster rap Ngoma za watu (music for the masses)
The Genge rapper
Aged between 16-30 yrs
Rap on topics such as sex drugs alcohol women partying
Pertain to the Heng (disco) lifestyle
Uses Sheng + indigenous Kenyan tongues
Hardstone ndash Uhiki (1997)
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WlUFrWq84Qs
The use of Sheng in Genge
Locally produced rap musics popularity in Kenya has recently been on the rise What started as simple imitation of American rap in local clubs and competitions has blossomed into a truly Kenyan cultural form Part of this success has come from the use of Sheng Kiswahili and vernacular languages in the songs The use of local languages but especially Sheng has helped
(Samper 200439)
Circuit amp Joel ndash Juala (2008)
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=rq6OUB5a4sI
Gidigidi Majimaji - Who can bwogo me (2002)
What the hell is you looking for Can a young Luo make money any more Shake your feet baby girl enango Majimaji nyakwar ondijo Am a Luo but who are you What are you Who the hell do you think you are Do you know me Do I know you Get the hell out of ma face because hey I am unbwogable I am unbeatable I am unsueable So if you like ma song sing it for me I say
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DcIDTiqzJ0s
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
Genge
Stems from poor suburbs of Nairobi genge la wezi (gang of thieves) genge la majambazi (gang of thugs) Bears relation to gangster rap Ngoma za watu (music for the masses)
The Genge rapper
Aged between 16-30 yrs
Rap on topics such as sex drugs alcohol women partying
Pertain to the Heng (disco) lifestyle
Uses Sheng + indigenous Kenyan tongues
Hardstone ndash Uhiki (1997)
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WlUFrWq84Qs
The use of Sheng in Genge
Locally produced rap musics popularity in Kenya has recently been on the rise What started as simple imitation of American rap in local clubs and competitions has blossomed into a truly Kenyan cultural form Part of this success has come from the use of Sheng Kiswahili and vernacular languages in the songs The use of local languages but especially Sheng has helped
(Samper 200439)
Circuit amp Joel ndash Juala (2008)
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=rq6OUB5a4sI
Gidigidi Majimaji - Who can bwogo me (2002)
What the hell is you looking for Can a young Luo make money any more Shake your feet baby girl enango Majimaji nyakwar ondijo Am a Luo but who are you What are you Who the hell do you think you are Do you know me Do I know you Get the hell out of ma face because hey I am unbwogable I am unbeatable I am unsueable So if you like ma song sing it for me I say
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DcIDTiqzJ0s
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
The Genge rapper
Aged between 16-30 yrs
Rap on topics such as sex drugs alcohol women partying
Pertain to the Heng (disco) lifestyle
Uses Sheng + indigenous Kenyan tongues
Hardstone ndash Uhiki (1997)
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=WlUFrWq84Qs
The use of Sheng in Genge
Locally produced rap musics popularity in Kenya has recently been on the rise What started as simple imitation of American rap in local clubs and competitions has blossomed into a truly Kenyan cultural form Part of this success has come from the use of Sheng Kiswahili and vernacular languages in the songs The use of local languages but especially Sheng has helped
(Samper 200439)
Circuit amp Joel ndash Juala (2008)
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=rq6OUB5a4sI
Gidigidi Majimaji - Who can bwogo me (2002)
What the hell is you looking for Can a young Luo make money any more Shake your feet baby girl enango Majimaji nyakwar ondijo Am a Luo but who are you What are you Who the hell do you think you are Do you know me Do I know you Get the hell out of ma face because hey I am unbwogable I am unbeatable I am unsueable So if you like ma song sing it for me I say
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DcIDTiqzJ0s
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
The use of Sheng in Genge
Locally produced rap musics popularity in Kenya has recently been on the rise What started as simple imitation of American rap in local clubs and competitions has blossomed into a truly Kenyan cultural form Part of this success has come from the use of Sheng Kiswahili and vernacular languages in the songs The use of local languages but especially Sheng has helped
(Samper 200439)
Circuit amp Joel ndash Juala (2008)
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=rq6OUB5a4sI
Gidigidi Majimaji - Who can bwogo me (2002)
What the hell is you looking for Can a young Luo make money any more Shake your feet baby girl enango Majimaji nyakwar ondijo Am a Luo but who are you What are you Who the hell do you think you are Do you know me Do I know you Get the hell out of ma face because hey I am unbwogable I am unbeatable I am unsueable So if you like ma song sing it for me I say
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DcIDTiqzJ0s
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
Circuit amp Joel ndash Juala (2008)
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=rq6OUB5a4sI
Gidigidi Majimaji - Who can bwogo me (2002)
What the hell is you looking for Can a young Luo make money any more Shake your feet baby girl enango Majimaji nyakwar ondijo Am a Luo but who are you What are you Who the hell do you think you are Do you know me Do I know you Get the hell out of ma face because hey I am unbwogable I am unbeatable I am unsueable So if you like ma song sing it for me I say
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DcIDTiqzJ0s
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
Gidigidi Majimaji - Who can bwogo me (2002)
What the hell is you looking for Can a young Luo make money any more Shake your feet baby girl enango Majimaji nyakwar ondijo Am a Luo but who are you What are you Who the hell do you think you are Do you know me Do I know you Get the hell out of ma face because hey I am unbwogable I am unbeatable I am unsueable So if you like ma song sing it for me I say
httpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=DcIDTiqzJ0s
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
Pakruok self-praise the act of injecting onersquos social credentials and authority into a musical performance in order to receive the attention one deserves from the audience (Rubdy ampAlsagoff 201326)
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
Genge in Kenyan politics
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
References
Abdulaziz M and Osinde K 1997 Sheng and engsh Development of mixed codes among the urban youth in kenya International Journal of the Sociology of Language (125) 43 Mazrui A 1995 Slang and Code-Switching The Case of Sheng in Kenya In Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 42168-179 Ogechi N 2008 Sheng as a youth identity marker Reality or misconception In Njogu Kimani Culture Performance and Identity Paths of Communication in Kenya Paths of Communication in Kenya African Books Collective Rubdy R and Alsagoff L 2013 The Global-Local Interface and Hybridity Exploring Language and Identity Multilingual Matters Samper D 2004 lsquoAfrica is still our mamarsquo Kenyan rappers youth identity and the revitalization of traditional valuesrsquo African Identities 2 (1) 31-51
Wasike C 2011 Jua Cali genge rap music and the anxieties of living
in the glocalized city of Nairobi Muziki Journal of Music Research in Africa 81 18-33
![[Jazz Piano] Tony Genge. the Jazz Piano Solos of Red Garland (Transcribed](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/56d6cb031a28ab30169ca062/jazz-piano-tony-genge-the-jazz-piano-solos-of-red-garland-transcribed.jpg)
