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SAADC20I l. 2011. Strategies and Challenges for SustainableAnimatAgriculture - crop Systems:Volume III: Proceeding. 844 pages.

First Edition: 700 copies

Year 20Il

JAOPRAYA PRINTING Ltd.312 Soi 66/1, Charan Sanit Wong Rd., Khet Bang Phlat, Bangkok 10700, Thailand

The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilitiesarising &om them remain the responsibility of the authors.

The publisher is not responsible for possible damages, which couldbe a result of content derived from this publication.

-i-

List of Reviewers (cont.)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Komsan Amnueysit

Assoc. Profl Dr. Panrapee Amnueysit

Assist. Prof Dr, Warisa Sintaweewarkul

Assist. Prof. Dr. Thanongsak Mamom

Assist. Prof. Phinidda Cha-umphol

Dr. Jamlong Mitchaothai

Assist. Prof. Dr. Walaipom Tonpitak

Dr. Pongsiwa Sotthibandhu

Dr. Doungjit Kanungpean

Dr Duangjai Rieanrakwong

Suppalak Kaewkwan

Dr. Jetsada Rungpupradit

Dr. Jitbangjong Wiengcharoen

Dr. Danai Sangthong

Thanakom Pojprasath

Thuchadapom Charkhun

Dr. Sunpetch Sophon

Rachakris LerLpatarakomol

Tassanee Trairatapiwan

Dr. Supawadee Manatrinon

Daorung Sila-on

Dr Siwapom Paengkoum

Dr. Anan Chaokaur

Dr. Narin Preyavichy apugdee

Assist. Prof. Riltichai Pilachai

Anan Petlum

Walailuk Kaewwongsa

Assist. Prof. Dr. Phassakon Nuntapanich

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Opart Pimpa

Dr. Siuisak Khampa

Rajamangala lJniversity of Technology Lanna

Rajamangala University of Technoiogy Larrra

Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna

Mahanakorn University of Technology

Mahanakorrr University of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technology

Mahanakom Universigr of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technology

Mahanakorn University of Technology

Mahanakorn Llniversigr of Technology

Mahanakorn Universi[' of Technology

Mahanakom Universrty of Technology

Maharrakorn University of Technology

Mahanakom Universrty of Technology

Mahanakorn University of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technoiogy

Mahanakorn University of Technology

Mahanakom University of Technology

Silpakom Universit_v

Silpakorn University

Silpakom University

Silpakom University

Silpakorn University

Udon Thani Rajabhat University

Udon Thani Rajabhat University

Udon Thani Rajabhat University

Ubon Ratchatani Rajabhat University

Prrnce of Songkla Llruversiry, Surat Thani Campus

Mahasarakham Rajabhat University

-h-

List of Reviewers:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Joongsoo Chang

Dr. G6bor M6szaros

Dr. Astrid Koeck

Assoc. Prof. Boonlom Cheva-Isarakul

Assist. Prof. Dr. NoPadon Pirarat

Dr. Prapansak Srisapoome,

Dr. Nittaya Chaiyanate

Korea Nationd Open UniversitY

University of Natural Resources and Applied LifeSciences

University of Guelph

Emeritus from Chiang Mai University

Chulalongkorn University

Kasetsat'c University

Burapha University

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chalong Wachirapakom Khon Kaen Universiry

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chainarong Navarrukraw Khon Kaen Uruversity

Assist. Prof. Dr. supom Katawatrn Khon Kaen university

Assoc. prof. Dr. Wisittipom Suksombat Suranaree University of Technoiogy

Assist. Prof. Dr. Rangsan Panpai Suranaree Universrty of Technology

Assist. prof. Dr. Pramote Paengkoum Suranaree Universrty of Technology

Dr. Amonrat Molee Suranaree University of Technology

Assist. prof. Dr. Smintom Boonanuntanasarn SuranareeUniversity of Technology

Assist. prof. Dr. Chareeya Yimrattanabovorn Suranaree University of Technology

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Songsak Chumpawadee Mahasarakham University

Assist. Prof. Dr. Anut Chanttatikul Mahasarakham Universitv

Dr. Khanitta Ruangwittayallusom Mahasarakham University

Dr. Chakrapong Chaikong Mahasarakham University

Assist. Prof. Dr. Chalermpon Yuangklang Rajamangala Universiry of Technology Isan

Assist. prof. Dr. Kraisit Vasupen Rajamangala University of Technolory Isan

Dr. Sasiphan Wongsuthavas Rajamangala University of Technology Isan

Assist. Prof. Dr. somchit Guntaprom Rajamangala universrty of Technology Isan

Assist. Prof. Dr. Chumnamwit Promkote Rajamangala Universrty of Technology Isan

Assist. Prof. Dr. Jakrit Yaeram Rajamangaia University of Technology Isan

Dr. Kaewta Sootsuwan Rajamangala Universrty of Technology lsan

Dr. Smerjai Bureenok Rajamangala University of Technology Isan

Dr. Onanong Poungchompu RajamangalaUniversity of Technology Isan

Dr. Chalurrtom Vichasilp Rajamangala University of Tecbnology Isan

-r'-

Contents

Contents

Message from the President of the SAADC 2Al1 "" " """' "" a

Message from President SAADC International Advisory Committee.. """"'bMessagefiomthePresidentoftheSAADC?OI| "".".""""""'cAcademic Committee Chairman's Message..... ' - ' "" " """"' dlnternational Advisory Committee.. "" """ """""' e

List of Reviewers. .........-....

SUSTAINABLE I ORGANIC

-OP0004- Development of srstainable livestock production systems in Serbia..... '.'..... "2

Petrovic, P.M., M.M. Petrovic, V. caro Petrovic, D. Ruzic Muslic, M. zujavic,

Z. Tomic & N. Maksimovic

-OP0005- How to improve the Brazilian dairy chain through productivity indicators to get asustainable supply chain?

Okano, M.T., O. Yendrametto & O.S. Sarrtos

-Op0008- Improving linear type traits to improve production sustainability and longevity in purebred

Sahiwal cow............ """' 11

ilubey, A. & S. Mishra

-OP001{F Potential of dairy cattle development in Boyolali Central Java, Indonesia........... .. ..... .'. 16

Hidayah, N., B. Guntora, E. Sulssfti & Y' Suranindyah

-OP0012- Social integration and socio-economic gains of farmers' associations with cattle dispersal

program in Dolores, Quezon, Philippines """"""'22Dacil{a, R.G.

-OP0013- The survey of the production cost and marketing channel for the beef in Taiwan . . . . . . .. . . .29

Leu, S.Y. &M.C. Lee

-OP0l05-Esttmationofeconomicvaluesforsomeimportanttraitsmnativeblackgoatinlran.......40

Votsnkhah, M.

-OP0116- Perception of retailers and consumers in marketing chain of chicken meat toward virus

H5N1 (Avian influenza) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia "' """"""'45Putra, R.,4..R.S1 & B. Gttntoro

-OP0t17- Seasonal physiological activity of genital system in local sheep and goat in Kurdistan

Region """"49Banuary, M.S.Q.

-OPgf 2G. The feasibility of self-supported and partnership enterprises in broiler rndustries ............ 53

Purnomo, 5.5., A.Id. Fuslt, E. Gumbira-Sa'id & MachJud

-OP0122- Welfare assessment in tie-stall dairy farrns' """"""57Popesctt, 5., C. Borda, R. Stefcn & E.A. Diugan

-OP0123- Determination of hair follicle characteristics, density and activity of Iranian Cashmere goat

breeds

Ansari-Renani, H.R., Z. Ebadi, S. Moradi, I{.R' Baghershah & M.Y. Ansari -

Renani

-l-

-pp1002- Size Differentiation of Fingerlings of Two African Catfishes: Clarias gariepintts and

Heterabrunclzus longifilis and Ther Cross Breeds """"""""" """""""" " 131

Ataguba, G'A-, P.A. Annune & F.G' Ogbe

-pp101+ Micronuclei profile: an index of chromosomal aberrations in freshwater fishes (Synodontis

clqrius xrdt)reochtomis niloticus) """"""""""" 135

Okonhno, J'C-, M.O. Obiakor & P. C' Nnabude

-pp1038- Improving shrimp survival rate by Noctiluca-ktlling bacteria strain BS2 .. " ' 144

Keawtav)ee,7., K Fuknmi & P. Songsangiinda

VETERINARY

-Op2003- Blood metabolite stah,rs and immune response of indigenous sheep related to saponin intake . .. 1 5 1

Astuti, D.A., A.S. Baba& 1.W.7" Wibawan

-pp2004- Evaluation of Malaysian village chickens for resistance to Salmonella enteritidis by

analyzing three candidate gel€s """' 156

Tohidi, R., I.B. Idris, J-M. Panandqm & M'H' Bejo

-OPZAO:,- The effects of dietmy L-arginine concenffation on growth performance and rncidence of

diarrhea in diarrhea weaned piglets-....'.'....." "' "' 161

shi, x. & L. Qin

-pp2001- Chromosomal aberration and pathological alteration after coppff oxychloride fungicide

intoxicationinrabbits..... "" "" """"167

Saad, M.F., A.M. Saeed & A.M.H. Ahmed

-PP201G Disease detection model for cattle from fluid intake behaviour -..... "" """ 172

Kiran, K.P., S. Chaudhury, S. Kar& R' Premalatha

-PP5033- An experimental study on co-infection of AIV and IBV in broilers.... """"" 178

Seif, 5., K. Asasi, A. Moharnmadi & M' Pottrfalah

-pp5047- plasmodium gallinaceum infection in the Silver Pheasant (Lophura nycthemera jonesi) tn

Banglamung Wildlife Breeding Centre, Thailand"'.' ." """"" 183

Nokkaevl, w., s. Kaewkwsn, K- Aeumsa-ard, N. Juntuck & J. wiengcharoen

-pp504& High prevalence of antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbit zoo, Suphanburi

provrnce" Thai1and..... """"' """"""'187

Wiengcharoen, J, W' Nokkaetv, S. Kaewkwan & T' Parnlak

-pp5l00- Sequence comparison of avian infectious bronchitis virus 51 glycoprotein of the Iran

se'rotype with eleven variant........ "" 191

Nosrati, M', M' Tahmorespoor, A'M' Hashemi & Y' Shamshitgaran

-pp5l02- prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from canine clinical

sarnples...... "" ."""""" 195

T'onPitak, W. & C. Somklien

FEED TECHNOLOGY / DAIRY PRODUCTION

-Op3l06- Silage characteristics and acceptability of elephant grass and cassava peel silage by

ruminants in southwest Nigeria ...... """ """ ""201

Olorunnisamo, O-A'

-lll-

-OP3107- Effect of PEG and KMnOa on in-vitro fermentation and rumen degradation characteristicsoftanninrichtree fodders ........,...,...2l.7

Senevirsthne, N.D., V.P. Jayav,ardsna, T. Nishida & J. Takohashi

-OP3119- The effect of high quality feed supplement addition on production performance of earlylactating dary cows.. ....211

Astuti,4., A. Agus &.f.P.S. Budhi

-OP3123- The role of rice straw as feed for sustainable beef cattle production in East Java Province,Indonesia ......................2]l7

Marjuki

-OP3124- Brown midrib resistance {BMR) corn exploration rn Yogyakarta and Central of JawaProvinces ......................2Zl

Soetrisno, D., B. Suwigytyo & B. Suhartqnto

-OP3126- Fermentation of solid tempe waste using Aspergillus rciger and gelatinization liquid tempewasteusingthreekindsofsolublecarbohydrate.................. ....224

Laconi, E.B. & D.A. Astttti

-OP3131- A srirvey on antibody changes after vaccination by NDV lived vaccines Bl & lasota inchukar paridages.... .......228

Ghalehgolab-Behbahan, N., E. Peymani, G.R. Moazeni-jula, M. Ebrahini,A. Rqhimion, F'. Moazenijula, S. Zaker-Bostonahod

-OP3134- Effects of mono sodium glutamate wastewater added wrth soil potential microorganism anddifferent phosphor source on kargkong {Ipomoea reptans} and,marze (Zea mays) as forages . " 234

Karti, P.D., M.H, Salundik & D.K. Bayang

-OP3136- The application of brscuit feeding for sheep .."......239

Retnani, Y.

-OP3137- Soybean oil supplementation in dietary concentrate for reproductive performance ofpostpartum beef cows... ....................244

Guntaprom, 5., C. Navanukratv, C. Amporn, S. DounSynawong, T. Phichitrasilp& J. Yaerqm

-PP3009- Effects of the timing of initiation of glucogenic diet on performance of transition Holsternda:ry cows ....................248

Norouzi Ebdalabadi, M., R. Vqlizadah, A.H. Moussavi, M. Danesh Mesgaran &M. T'ahmoorespottr

-PP3011- Using ureatreated com silage as a roughage source to feed intake and milk yield on lactating

W., W. Chmvtoom, W. Pongrnchai,

cows...........

Kaewwongsa,A. Hsrinsalie

-PP3015- The role of OVM supplementation (optimum vitarnin & mineral) on milk production andmilk composition of dairy cows inthe transition period......... .....................256

Abhtari, A.lvI., M. Khalili, N. Landy

-PP3016- Change in vaccenic acid (TVA; t11-C18:1) level in milk durrng the lactating penod andCLA endogenous synthesis from TVA rn MCF-7 cell.......... ... ...................260

Ok, ,1.J., T. Wang K.H. Lee, J.H. Hwang, J.N. Im, Y.C. Jin, S.B. Lee &H.C. Lee

-PP31f 7- Effect of air temperature of a tower heat-dryer on in vitro digestibilrty of orgaruc matter andmetabolozable energy contsnt of brewer's grain........... ...........264

Danesh Mesgaran, M., H. Jahani-Aziz{thadi, M. Majtahedi, E. Abdi

The 3'd Internatiotal Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Developing Countrie s (SAADC2LI ] )July 26-29, 20ll Nsklnn Ratchasima, TI{AILAND

-oP2003-

Blood metabolite status and immune response of indigenous sheep relatedto saponin intake

Astuti, D.A.t'*, A.S. Baba2& I.W.T. Wibawan3

rFaculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680 Indonesia,zFaculty ofScience,Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia, 3Faculty

of Veterinary Mcdicine, ilogotAgricuitural University, Bogor 1 6680 Indonesia

Abstract

Saponin is a secondary compound which found some tropical browse plants. It is widelyknow that saponin may be triggered immune response in animals. The aim of the currentsfudy was to evaluate the effect of saponin contents in the tropical browse plants on bloodrnetabolites and immune responses in indigenous sheep. Sixteen male growing sheep (averageBW of 20 kg) were fed four experimental diets in Compietely Randomized Design. Theexperimental treatments were cornbined with seventy percentage of native grass and thirfypercentage of each the tropical browse plants (Gliri.cidia sepiunt (GS), Moringa oleifera (MO)and Aftocsrpns heterophyllus (AII)), while the diets contained only native grass was servedas control. Dry matter, protein and saponin intake were observed. Blood metabolites includingtotal protein, albumin, globulin and immunoglobulin-G were deterrnined using ELISA.Phagocytosis and ciearance test were done by challenged Staphylococus aureus using totalplate count method and evaluated descriptjvely. Dry matter and protein intake weresignificanfly increased (P<0.05) in sheep fed with GS and AH. Feeding AII was showed thehighest the intake of saponin. The experimental treatrnent did not affect the albumin andglobulin concentrations in the serum, whereas the levels of total protein in the serum weresignificantly higher in animals fed MO and AH. The highest Immunoglobulin-G level wasobserved in animal fed MO which was saponin intake at the values i5 g h-rdt. Phagocytosiscapaci6, (360150 cell) and clearance test (2.8 cfu/ml) ehallenge by Stapilococus duleusbacteria also supported that the saponin intake in the ration containing Moringa olederacould improve immune response for the indigenous sheep. The results suggest thatsupplementation of Moringa olei/bra in the diet with A.75 g kg-1814'-r saponin intake can beused to maintain blood metabolites and healthy status of indigenous sheep.

Keywords: immune response, blood metabolites, indigenous, phagocytosis, clearance test

*Corresponding author: D.A. AstutiE-mail add ress: dewiapriastuti@yahoo.com

-15'!-

ffi Tn: ,.'1t*"**ional Canference cn SustainatleAnimal Agncultare for Developing Countri es (sAADC2al I)

July 26-29, 20ll lf&}x:n Ratchcttima. TI{AILAND

Introduction

In most parts of humid tropical countries, browse may constitute an irnportant foddercomponent to meet the rnaintenance requirements of ruminants, especially for farmers whopractice extensive or semi-intensive farming. A number of browse plants (include legurnesand herbs) may also contain chemisal compounds, protein, fibei, mineral and vitaminconcentrations adequate for the maintenance requirement of grazing anirnals (Aganga andMosase, 2001). Problem with tropical browse plants is thai they- have high content ofsecondary compound like saponin. The secondary compound piesent in flants provideprotection against predators, pathogens and invaders because of tfieir antimiciobial activity.Saponin which have active compound, in such doze, can stimulate immune response of theanimals through increase the antibody. Offering thess plants in regulated amounts assupplements to gtass diet (Reynolds ard Adediran, 1988) may yield bettir intake, utilization,improve blocd metabolites and healthy status. Saponin content in lerak (Sapindus rarak) canmodify lipid metabolism, hematological status and inrproved of ruttf* performance byimproving daity gain and health status (Astuti, et al., ZOOSI. Hence, in iivo studies thataddress nutrient intakes, blood rnetabolites and subsequently on growth and health, would bebest used to evaluate the feeding values of plants rich in- uncharacterized secondarycompounds.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood metabolites status and immuneresponses of indigenous sheep fed native grass mixed with tropical browse plants whichcontaining high levels of saponin. Those tropical browse plants contained .uponin (Anoringaoleifera, Gtiricidea sepium and Anocarpus het,erophylllrs) which usually offered to tleanimals mixed with native grass should be evaluated for feeding practice managernent. Theexperiments designed in the present study was used to obtained siientific bases on existingfarmers practices in using tropical browse plants (legume and herbs) in improvement of smallruminant nutriti on sfr ategies.

Materials and Methods

Sixteen male of growing sheep (av. BW 20 kg) were divided into four treatments andrnaintained in individual cages. The treatrnents were nA% native grass as control group;70Yo native grass plus 30o/o Gliricidia sepium (GSi; 70% native grass plus 30% Miringaaleifera O4O) and TAYo native grass plus 30a/o Artocarpus heterophyllus (AH) Concentrationof saponin was detennined by method of Hiai et al.(I976) *d iound'in grass, Gliricidiasepium , Moringa oleiJbra and Anacarpus heterophyltus were 23A%; 4.91%: 4.65yo md5.97oh, respectively.

A one-week feed adaptation period was allowed before measurement of daily intakes(DItl, protein and saponin). Therefore nutrient ingkes were measured for 7 weeks andconclude by blood sarnpling. During the last day of the experimental perios,, blood sampleswere taken from the jugular vein. Immediately, the sample were measured blood metaboiitesconcentrations such as total protein, albumin and globulin using general procedure of KITdiagnosis, while Lnmunoglobulin-G level was analysed using ELISA method. A set of prvitro blood test for immunity responses, phagocytosis capacity (Wibawan and Lammler,1994) and cleararce test were clarified using total plate count method (ISO 2152S-l:2000)by challenged with Stapilococu.s aureus bacteria (108 cfir/ml). AIl data were analyzed usingCornpletely Randornized Design with four treatments and four replications, exceptphagocytosis and clearance test data. Duncan Multiple Range Test was used to separatefreatment mean (Steel and Torrie, 2003). Significant differences between treatments wereconsidered when P<0.05

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The 3'd International Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Developing Countries (SAADC2}[ l)July 2&29, 201I Nakhon Ratchasima. THAILAND

Results and Discussion

Result showed that during two months feeding-trial, dry matter and protein intakes of ration

containing Gliricidia sepium and Ar"tocarpus heterophyllus were showed the highest compare

to two other treatments (P<0.05). Meanra;hile, the highest consumption of saponin was

observed in the animal fed the ration containing Artocarpus heteraphyllus (P<0.05). The

lowest protein $I gld) and saponin consumptions were found in control ration (P<0 05).

Normaliy, protein requirernent for local growing sheep (10-20 kg of BW) is around more than

T5 - 135 g h-1.6-i (Harjanto et al. 1993). The animals which only give total native grass were

suffered irom the protein deficiency, because of very low protein intake. Supplementation

with 30% of Gli.ricidia sepium and Artoc{trpus heterophyllus in the ration resulted in an

increased total dry matter intake around 20Yo and 1904, respectively. Dry matter intake (DivII)

for 10-20 kg of l,ocal sheep was around 500 - 1000 g h-t dt, or for about 4% - 5% of BW(Tomaszweska et al. 1993; Astuti and Sastradipradja (1999). This study also showed that dry

matter intake of sheep were started from 500 - 6i0 g h-1 d-r, or was about 4.5% of BW.

Supplementation with 30 Vo af Moringa oletfera in sheep ration resulted 54 g protein

intake aod saponin intake was around 15 g h-l dr or equal with 0.75 g h-' 6-t (average 20 kg

BW). This siiuation cause increased of semm protein and immunoglobulin-G significantly.

Serum protein and immunoglobulin-G were indicator of healthy status.

Table 1. Intake and blood metabolite parameters (*SD) of sheep fed with tropical forages.

Parameters Conhol GS MO AH

lntake:Dry matter (g/d)Crude protein (g/d)Saponin (g/d)Blood metabolites:Total protein {.mg%)Albumin (me%)Globulin(mg%)

506*28b41+2.37d1i+0.66d

6.4*A.A2"b42.8+2.550.40$1.10807*14"

610$17u 501*0.64b 604*24^

72+2.52" 54+0.i5" 62*3.15b

18*0.86b l5+0.25" 20*1.80u

6.2+0,2Ab 7.0*0.56" 7.27*0.17'44.45*0.90 48.92+3.89 46.87+3.15

49.9WA.76 52.01t2.70 49.57+1.67

890+19b 923+6u 881+19bigGMeans t" the sar"e row followed by different letters are significantly different (P<0.05).

GS : Gliricidea sepium; MO - Moringa oleifera; AH: Artocarpus heterophyllus.

DM, CP and saponin were analysed at Bogor Research centre (2009)

A1l experimental diets did not affect on the concentrations of serum albumin and

globulin. fhe totat serlrm protein concentration in |v{ori.nga aleifera and Anocarpus

Ttercrophyltrus rations were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control and Gliricidia,sepium ireahnents. The concentrations of immunoglobulin-G were significantly increased

(p<0.05) after supplementation of the plants. The highest value was found in the sheep fed

Moringa oleilbra {reahnent (Tabie 1). A11 values were within the physiological ranges (Sasser

et al.,-1985; Tizard, 19SB). In the current sfudy, the consumed high protein in Gliricidia

sepium treatrnent did not relate to the total serum protein level. Mathius (1991) reporled that

secondary compound af Gliriciclia sepiwm (i.e. prussic acid and coumarin) miglrt disturbed ofnutrient utiiizaiion. However, the supplemented 30% Moringa oleifera in the ration, with 0.75

g.kg.BW-1.d1 saponin intake could improve protein and immunoglobulin-G serum

concenfation.

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The 3'i International Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Deveioping Countries (SAADC20I I)hly 26-29, 2011 Nskhon Ratcha*ma,T'IIAILAND

Tabel 2.Dataof phagocytosis capacity and clearance test (cfu/ml).

Parameters Control MO AHGS

Phagocyt cap.l50cellClearence test (cfu/ml

347+134.05

Data in vllro study of phagocytosis capacity and clearance test using sheep serum

according to the treatmenti r.s,rlt that ration containing Monnga oleiJbra had better potential

to impr&e immune response, descriptively. The Mortnga aleifera treabnent showed tliatgupu"iq, of phagocytosii to the Stapilococus eureus bacteria was 360i50 ceil, means that

te.r"ocyt" from-the treatment could phagocl'te 360 of bacteria. However in the same

treatment, the result of clearance test was 2.8 cfulml, this means the lorvest growth colony ofbacteria was happen ed in Moringa oleifera treatment. Capacity of piragocytosis is defined by

total bacteriu **ti which is swollen by 50 cell of leucocyte. Clearance test is one of method to

evaluate bacteria growth by coturt the colony between control and treatrnent test. The lower

amount of bacteria colony gfowth, the best treatment we get. Ration containing Moringa

oleifera u,ith a certain doze of saponin (0.75 pprn) tenden have good effect to the animal

immgne response as expressed by high of hnmunoglobulin-G and protein serum

concentration and also supported by data of phagocytosis and clearance test. Astuti et al.

(2008) reported that sheep raised under the hopical forest management fed by sole grass only

had low concentration of total protein. It is recommended that sheep need some tropical

browse plant in their ration.

Conclusions

Suppleraentation of 30olo Moringa oleifera in the ration with 0.75 ppm of saponin intake was

the best choice for improving serum protein and immunoglobulin-G of indigenous sheep.

Acknowledgement

This study was funded by Directorate General Higlrer Education of Ri flrough the Research

Grant no 48ll 3 .24.4 I SPWBG-PSN/Z009

References

Aganga, A.A. and K.W. Mosase. 2001. Tannin content, nutritive value and dry matterdigestibility af Lonchocarpu.s capasso, Ziziphus mucronata, Sclerocat'ya birrea,Kirkia acuminsta andRhus lancea seed, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 91: 107-113.

Astuti, D.A. and D. Sastradipradja.l999. Energy metabolism in relation to grazing activity ingrowing priangan sheep as affected by rations. Indonesian J. Trop. Agric. Vol. 3

Astuti, D.A., D.R. Ekastuti, Marwah and Suryani. 2008. Blood profil and hematological stahlsof local sheep under the rain forest area Walat-Sukabumi. J. Ihnu Ternak UNSYAH.Vol. 1:2008.

Harjanto, B. and A. Djajanegara. 1993. Nutrient requirement for small ruminant in Indonesia.Anirnal Research centre, Bogor.

ISO 21528-1. "Microbiology of food animal feeding stuffs-Horizontal method for thedetection and enumeration of enterobacteriaceae" 2000.

Mathius, LW. 1991. Gliricidia sepium as a feedstuff for the ruminant. Wartazoa l{4): 19-23.

340+7J.JO

360i 10

2.832A+143.3 5

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