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King Wen’s Ba Gua. Next, we come to ‘Ba Gua’ diagram or eight states diagram as shown above. Ok, what is message that it want to deliver to us? Usually, Chinese people will hang it on the top of the front door of their house saying that it will chase away ghost or bad luck. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Next, we come to ‘Ba Gua’ diagram or eight states diagram as shown above.Ok, what is message that it want to deliver to us? Usually, Chinese people will hang it on the top of the front door of their house saying that it will chase away ghost or bad luck.Really? Will it contains any mathematical concepts which explain our nature?
Korean Flag
Just an extra information, as we can see that the Korean Flag also having the similar symbols…...Well, not quite. 4 symbols of the Ba Gua have been taken away and the white and black dots of the Tai Ji symbol in the centre are missing.
King Wen’s Ba Gua
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North
South
East West
North-West North-East
south-East south-west
In the original document of I-Ching, we can see that directions have been assigned to each of the 8 symbols.Why is that so?
Pu Yi’s Ba Gua
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Will these stars belong to this particular direction?Let us begin our discussion from a simple point of view. Please refer to the following slides.
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By using 3 switches and by performing all the 8 possibilities , we will get an alternative way to understand ‘Ba Gua’ diagram.
Low Low Low Low Low High
Low High Low Low High High
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H L L H L H
H H L H H H
Let High = H and Low =L
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Switch A
Switch BSwitch C
Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
All the eight symbols in the ‘Ba Gua’ diagram consist of outer-most line, middle line and inner most line.We assume the outer-most line represent switch C, the inner-most line represent switch A and the middle linerepresent switch B. Remind that the original meaning of these symbols will be different from what we assume here. Remember that we are using scientific approach here.
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Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
Let us assume that there is a room which having eight light bulbs which separately attached to the edges. We have 3 switches to control them. When we turn all the switches to the ‘Low’ state, the light bulb at the bottom left corner is turned on.
Low Low Low
Now, we will try to use the point of view from digital electronics as a stepping stone tounderstand ‘Ba Gua’ diagram.
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Switch A Switch B
Switch C
Low Low High
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Switch A Switch B
Switch C
Low High Low
10Low High High
Switch A Switch B
Switch C
11H L L
Switch A Switch B
Switch C
12H L H
Switch A Switch B
Switch C
13H H L
Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
14H H H
Switch A Switch B
Switch C
Finally, when we turn all the switches to the ‘High’ state, the light bulb at the bottom right corner is turned on.
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Reference point
If we ‘float’ in the middle, we will see eight light bulbs in 8 directions. Only 1 light bulb will turn on each time.
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Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
Low Low Low
Conclusion: We can say that each of the eight symbols in ‘Ba Guo’ diagram represent a particular direction.
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Switch A Switch B Switch C
Light bulb, in off state
Digital Integrated circuitWe can actually implement this circuit in real life situation by using a digital IC, switches, light bulbs or Light Emitting Diode and wires.
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A
B
C
Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
We can design ( using Computer Aided Design software )a combinational logic circuit which have 3 inputs (Switch A,B and C) and 8 outputs (which represent the 8 symbols in ‘Ba Gua’ diagram).
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Wire A
Wire B
Wire C
Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
We connect wires from the 3 switches to the wire A, wire B and wire C in the circuit diagram.
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A
B
C
We connect the out, out2, out3, out4, out5,out6,out7 and out8 to 8 light bulbs which situated at the edges of the room .
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Switch A Switch B Switch C
GroundTo make the light bulbs work, we need the ‘ground’.
We assume the IC is already being powered.
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Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
We ignored the wiring for clarity purposes. When we let switch A, B and C to be in low state, We can see that only one light bulb turn on. The others are off.
Low Low Low
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Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
These are the timing diagrams that simulate all the 8 possibilities of the switches.
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Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
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Out
Out2
Out8
These are the outputs that will control the eight light bulbs.
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Switch A
Switch B
Switch C
Out
Out2
Out8
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off
off
off
off
off
off
off
on
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off
off
off
off
off
off
off
on
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
To further enhance our understanding, let us take a look to the I-Ching diagram again.Remember the game which shown previously? Here, X can be used to represent ‘Farmer’, Y for ‘Wild dog’ and Z for ‘Chicken’. X=0 y =0 z=0 represent all of them is at the right
Side of the river bank. X =1 y=1 z=1 means that they are at the left side of the river bank.
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
We can see the one to one correspondence again.
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
We can see that the 0 0 0 and 1 1 1 are again can be related to the symbols in ‘Ba Gua diagram’
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
0X-axis
Z-axis
Y-axis
Next, instead of representing Farmer, wild dog and chicken, the X, Y and Z are now use to represent dimensions.
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
0X-axis
Z-axis
Y-axis
North
Let us try to relate the direction in the Ba Gua with
the coordinate indicated here.
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
X-axis
Z-axis1
Y-axis
North-west
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
X-axis
Z-axis
1
Y-axis
West
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
X-axis
Z-axis
1
Y-axis
1
South-west
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
X-axis
Z-axis
1
Y-axis
North-East
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
X-axis
Z-axis
1
Y-axis
1East
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
X-axis
Z-axis
1
Y-axis
1 South-East
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
X-axis
Z-axis
1
Y-axis
1
1
South
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X-axis
Z-axis
1
Y-axis
1
1
0
By now, we can slightly understand that why directions have been assigned to the eight symbols in Ba Gua diagram.
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X Y Z0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 11 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
X-axis
Z-axis
1
Y-axis
1
1
0
Also, we can see that this is like a unit cell. These coordinates are much like indices such as Miller indices in material science. They can also represent the position where the 8 light bulbs attached to.
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X-axis
Z-axis
Y-axis
Now, we can also use arrows to point to the particular directions. The four arrows indicate the North, South, East and West.
North
South
East
West
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X-axis
Z-axis
Y-axis
The arrows in the square indicate North-west, North-east, South-east and South-west.
North-West
North-East
south-East
south-west
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X-axis
Z-axis
Y-axis
Combining all the arrows together indicating the directions in 3 dimensions. Remind that we are not providing definite answer here since the author had not went through the former education of I-Ching. The results of our discussion might differ with the original meaning. However, after these lengthy discussions we are able to get some clues and start to see the relation between Science and I-Ching.
There is a doubt! Please refer next slide.
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Logically, the north-west, north-east , south-west and south-east directions should be in the following ways as indicated by the green arrows as shown below.
X-axis
Z-axis
North-westSouth-west
South-east
North-east
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Do you see the difference of the direction of North-west in the diagrams above?
X-axis
Z-axis
North-westSouth-west
South-east
North-eastNorth-west
Let us go through step by step to see whether there are any connection between these two diagrams.
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X-axis
Z-axis
North-westSouth-west
South-east
North-east
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X-axis
Z-axis
Can we consider this is also a North-west?
South-west
South-east
North-east
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X-axis
Z-axis
South-west
South-east
North-east
Can we consider this is also a North-west?
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X-axis
Z-axis
South-west
South-east
North-east
Can we consider this is also a North-west?
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X-axis
Z-axis
South-west
South-east
North-east
Can we consider this is also a North-west?
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X-axis
Z-axis
South-westSouth-east
North-east
Can we consider this is also a North-west?
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X-axis
Z-axis
Still a North-west?If we consider in 3-dimensions
South-west
South-east
North-east
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Will these stars situated within this region?Will this provide an insight to us that is the reasons why the stars are included in the ‘Luo Pan’?We have to discuss these since we will need these as a foundation to understand the exciting part 3 which discuss about quantum mechanics, fractal physics, discrete mathematics, essence of Hua Yan Buddhism and new mathematical structure for DNA and new Boolean simplification methods.
X-axis
Z-axis
North-west
