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Next Generation Monoclonal Antibody (Antibody Engineering)
2012
Baharuddin
Postgraduate Program, Biochemistry Department, Medical
Faculty
Airlangga University
Email:[email protected]
Antibody specificity by distinguished: monoclonal antibodies and
polinoklonal
antibodies.
The latest generation of monoclonal antibodies, are progressing
with a deep study of the
epitopes of the antigen.
Monoclonal antibodies have been widely used in the fields of
health, both for diagnostics and
for treatment, especially to cope with certain cancers.
Some of the monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of cells
derived from mice or rats, so
often cause allergic reactions in patients who received the
monoclonal antibody therapy. Thisis because protein mice are
recognized as foreign antigens by the patient's body, causing
the
immune response reactions which include allergies, inflammation,
and destruction (digest) or
the destruction of the monoclonal antibody itself.
To overcome these problems, some researchers have developed a
new generation of
monoclonal antibody manufacturing, is monoclonal antibodies that
part or all of structure are
composed of proteins derived from human. So as to reduce the
effects of rejection by the
patient's immune system.
The latest generation of monoclonal antibodies is to minimize
rejection by modifying
the variable part (V) and the constan (C).
Figure. 1 Structure of antibody.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]
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Some kind of new generation of monoclonal antibodies that have
been developed include:
1. Chimaric Monoclonal AntibodiesAntibodies are produced through
genetic engineering techniques to create a mouse or a rat
can produce mouse-human hybrid cells. Section variable (V) of
the antibody molecule,including the antigen binding site derived
from mice, while the other is part of the constant
(C) of human origin. One example of a monoclonal antibody
molecular structure consists of
67% of humans are rifuximab.
2. Humanized Monoclonal AntibodiesThese antibodies are made in
such a way so that the proteins derived from mice confined to
the antigen binding site alone. As for the other part, namely
the variable and constant part of
human origin. Monoclonal antibodies are molecular structures
composed of 90% men such as
alemtuzumab.
3. Fully Human Monoclonal AntibodiesThis antibody is an antibody
of the most ideal to avoid the immune response due to protein
antibodies are injected into the body are all derived from the
human protein. One approach
taken to design antibody formation is by genetic engineering
techniques to create transgenic
mice that carry genes derived from manusia. So that capable of
producing the desired
antibodies.
